Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Summary Worksheet: Don’t Bug Me Bacteria Virus Harmful Common name/ scientific name Helpful Instructor’s Copy Soil bacteria/Bacillus thuringiensis X X Intestinal bacteria/Escheria coli From the Enterobacteriaceae family X X X Hepatitis/none 5 different forms (A,B, C, delta, E) X X Herpes/none Herpes simplex (genital and oral – cold sores) X X Transmission or vector (including incubation time) Naturally occurring in the intestines of mammals. One dangerous strain (0157:H7) is found in cattle and several others. Polluted water, uncooked food, needles, thorns, breast milk. Incubation – about 2 weeks. Transmitted by sexual contact with an infected partner. Symptoms if harmful/benefits if helpful It is a natural pesticide against moth and other insect larvae. It is being used commercially to protect crops. Kills larvae of flies that cause River Blindness in Africa. Infant diarrhea and gastroenteritis. 157 has also been found in unpasteurized products and water. Can also be transmitted personto-person. Causes inflammation of intestinal wall. Severe cramps, diarrhea, and bloody stool. (3-9 days) Depending on type: brown urine, fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, weakness, inflammation of liver, cancer (HBV) Blister-like sores that break. May also have flu-like symptoms, including fever and swollen glands. Cure/Treatment? (only if harmful) Parts and other unique characteristics Have been genetically engineered into some plants so that they produce the toxin on their own as a natural pest protection. None really. Treatment consists of care that patient remains hydrated. Lives in mutualistic relationship with huans where it makes vitamin K and sodium. One byproduct of E. coli is flatulence. Inhibits pathogenic bacteria HAV – none HBV - vaccine Single-stranded RNA in icosahedral shell. No real cure. Antiviral creams can help decrease length of symptoms. Even condoms may not help. Can cause fatal problems for baby during birth. Easily transmitted when sores are present. May make host more susceptible to HIV. X X Influenza/none X X Bacteria Virus HIV/none – but belongs to the retrovirus (lentivirus) family Helpful Harmful Common name/ scientific name Transmission or vector (including incubation time) Blood or other body fluids like semen, blood in needles, transfusions, etc. Mucous fluids from coughing or sneezing. Symptoms if harmful/benefits if helpful Cure/Treatment? (only if harmful) Does not have symptoms of its own, it just breaks down the immune system to leave the host open to other types of infections. None current, but experimental vaccines are being tried. Colds, cough, fever, fatigue, and aches. Vaccines to prevent Intestinal Bacteria/Lactobacillus acidophilus X X Found in upper Reduces levels of harmful small bacteria and yeasts. intestines Produces lactase, an enzyme which is important in the digestion of milk. Is used in the production of yogurt and produces B vitamins during digestion. Soil bacteria/Pseudomonas putida X X Is being looked at as a way of purifying fuel and getting rid of dangerous organic chemicals. May be used to help clean water a waste and water treatment plants. Parts and other unique characteristics Genetic material encapsulated in a fat & protein layer. Virus mutates easily so each flu is a different strain. Has caused several massive epidemics. Regarded as a health food to be taken to solve intestinal problems like diarrhea and urinary tract infections. X X Smallpox X X Staph infection/staphylococcus aureus X X Strep throat/streptococcus X X Bacteria Virus Rabies Helpful Harmful Common name/ scientific name Transmission or vector (including incubation time) Being bitten by a rabid animal (mammal) when mucous comes into contact with an open wound. (1-3 months) Person-toperson and through infected blankets, etc. (12 days) May be inhaled but usually enters through an open wound. Symptoms if harmful/benefits if helpful Cure/Treatment? (only if harmful) Virus spreads to spinal cord and brain. First sign is behavior changes. Aversion to food and drink, aggression or signs of paralysis. Usually death within 4-5 days of symptoms. Flu-like, fever, nausea, vomiting, headache and backache. Then, severe abdominal pain a disorientation with small, round sores erupting all over skin. May cause scarring and death. May infect hair follicles causing boils and sties. Causes impetigo (blisters and red scabby skin) and abscesses of skin and other organs. Pneumonia if inhaled. , toxic shock syndrome and blood poisoning or heart infection. Red, painful sore throat with white patches on tonsils. May have swollen lymph nodes, fever, vomiting, nausea and abdominal pain. (3 days, can be transmitted for 2-3 weeks) Best is prevention and avoidance of contact with infected animals. Series of shots given afterward. Only treatment is prevention with a vaccination against the disease. Treatment is an antibiotic specific to the strain of bacteria. Sterile conditions in surgery help prevent. Penicillin for adults and amoxicillin for children. Parts and other unique characteristics Considered weapon of choice for bioterrorist attack. Is 30% fatal. “Eradicated” so we no longer vaccinate. Would take at least 3 years for enough to use to prevent an epidemic. Before WWII, more than half of all fatalities in wars were caused by staph infections. Is now “swapping genes” with other bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics. Group A strep can result in rheumatic fever which can cause heart disease. Can lead to Sydenham’s chorea, which causes jerky movements and inflammation of the kidneys Soil bacteria/Streptomyces X X Bacteria Virus Harmful Helpful Common name/ scientific name X Transmission or vector (including incubation time) Found in soil where they break down organic matter. Symptoms if harmful/benefits if helpful Cure/Treatment? (only if harmful) Streptomyces coelicolor has been used to manufacture over 50 different antibuitics. Commercial sources of streptomycin, an antibiotic. Chromosome contains more genes than other soil bacteria. DNA does not finish at both ends. Streptomyces scabies attcks root vegetables such as potatoes, beets, etc. Tetanus/Clostridium tetani X X Warts X X Yellow Fever X X Enters puncture wounds from soil, dust and manure. Passed from person-toperson, sometimes indirectly. Don’t usually show up for several month. Mosquitoes in tropics Starts with headache, stiffness of jaw, sweating and fever. Severe muscle spasms leading to “locking” of the jaw so patient cannot open his mouth or swallow. Death results from suffocation. Are benign tumors in skin tissue. Can occur in genital regions. They are usually skin colored and feel rough to the touch, but they can be dark and smooth. 3-6 weeks after being bit, fever, headache, vomiting, backache, slow pulse, anemia, bleeding gums and bloody urine. Parts and other unique characteristics Vaccination is best protection. Salicylic gel for children. Cryotherapy (freezing), lasar surgery, cutting or bleomycin (anti-cancer drug) for adults. Preventable by immunization. Used to be called “lockjaw”. Not transmitted from person to person. Getting this may not lead to immunity. Toxins are produced by the spores that can survive as inactive for a long time. Double-stranded DNA virus called papillomaviruses. Are classified by their clinical features and morphology. Can lead to shock, bleeding and kidney and liver failure (shows as jaundice). Was responsible for many deaths during the building of the Panama Canal.