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Summary Worksheet: Don’t Bug Me
Bacteria
Virus
Harmful
Common name/
scientific name
Helpful
Instructor’s Copy
Soil bacteria/Bacillus
thuringiensis
X
X
Intestinal
bacteria/Escheria coli
From the
Enterobacteriaceae
family
X X
X
Hepatitis/none
5 different forms (A,B,
C, delta, E)
X
X
Herpes/none
Herpes simplex (genital
and oral – cold sores)
X
X
Transmission
or vector
(including
incubation
time)
Naturally
occurring in
the intestines
of mammals.
One dangerous
strain
(0157:H7) is
found in cattle
and several
others.
Polluted water,
uncooked
food, needles,
thorns, breast
milk.
Incubation –
about 2 weeks.
Transmitted by
sexual contact
with an
infected
partner.
Symptoms if
harmful/benefits if helpful
It is a natural pesticide
against moth and other
insect larvae. It is being
used commercially to
protect crops. Kills larvae of
flies that cause River
Blindness in Africa.
Infant diarrhea and
gastroenteritis. 157 has also
been found in unpasteurized
products and water. Can
also be transmitted personto-person. Causes
inflammation of intestinal
wall. Severe cramps,
diarrhea, and bloody stool.
(3-9 days)
Depending on type: brown
urine, fever, loss of appetite,
jaundice, weakness,
inflammation of liver,
cancer (HBV)
Blister-like sores that break.
May also have flu-like
symptoms, including fever
and swollen glands.
Cure/Treatment? (only if
harmful)
Parts and other unique
characteristics
Have been genetically
engineered into some
plants so that they produce
the toxin on their own as a
natural pest protection.
None really.
Treatment
consists of care
that patient
remains
hydrated.
Lives in mutualistic
relationship with huans
where it makes vitamin K
and sodium. One byproduct of E. coli is
flatulence. Inhibits
pathogenic bacteria
HAV – none
HBV - vaccine
Single-stranded RNA in
icosahedral shell.
No real cure.
Antiviral
creams can help
decrease length
of symptoms.
Even condoms
may not help.
Can cause fatal problems
for baby during birth.
Easily transmitted when
sores are present. May
make host more susceptible
to HIV.
X
X
Influenza/none
X
X
Bacteria
Virus
HIV/none – but belongs
to the retrovirus
(lentivirus) family
Helpful
Harmful
Common name/
scientific name
Transmission
or vector
(including
incubation
time)
Blood or other
body fluids
like semen,
blood in
needles,
transfusions,
etc.
Mucous fluids
from coughing
or sneezing.
Symptoms if
harmful/benefits if helpful
Cure/Treatment? (only if
harmful)
Does not have symptoms of
its own, it just breaks down
the immune system to leave
the host open to other types
of infections.
None current,
but
experimental
vaccines are
being tried.
Colds, cough, fever, fatigue,
and aches.
Vaccines to
prevent
Intestinal
Bacteria/Lactobacillus
acidophilus
X
X
Found in upper Reduces levels of harmful
small
bacteria and yeasts.
intestines
Produces lactase, an enzyme
which is important in the
digestion of milk. Is used in
the production of yogurt
and produces B vitamins
during digestion.
Soil
bacteria/Pseudomonas
putida
X
X
Is being looked at as a way
of purifying fuel and getting
rid of dangerous organic
chemicals. May be used to
help clean water a waste and
water treatment plants.
Parts and other unique
characteristics
Genetic material
encapsulated in a fat &
protein layer. Virus
mutates easily so each flu
is a different strain. Has
caused several massive
epidemics.
Regarded as a health food
to be taken to solve
intestinal problems like
diarrhea and urinary tract
infections.
X
X
Smallpox
X
X
Staph
infection/staphylococcus
aureus
X
X
Strep
throat/streptococcus
X
X
Bacteria
Virus
Rabies
Helpful
Harmful
Common name/
scientific name
Transmission
or vector
(including
incubation
time)
Being bitten by
a rabid animal
(mammal)
when mucous
comes into
contact with an
open wound.
(1-3 months)
Person-toperson and
through
infected
blankets, etc.
(12 days)
May be
inhaled but
usually enters
through an
open wound.
Symptoms if
harmful/benefits if helpful
Cure/Treatment? (only if
harmful)
Virus spreads to spinal cord
and brain. First sign is
behavior changes. Aversion
to food and drink,
aggression or signs of
paralysis. Usually death
within 4-5 days of
symptoms.
Flu-like, fever, nausea,
vomiting, headache and
backache. Then, severe
abdominal pain a
disorientation with small,
round sores erupting all over
skin. May cause scarring
and death.
May infect hair follicles
causing boils and sties.
Causes impetigo (blisters
and red scabby skin) and
abscesses of skin and other
organs. Pneumonia if
inhaled. , toxic shock
syndrome and blood
poisoning or heart infection.
Red, painful sore throat with
white patches on tonsils.
May have swollen lymph
nodes, fever, vomiting,
nausea and abdominal pain.
(3 days, can be transmitted
for 2-3 weeks)
Best is
prevention and
avoidance of
contact with
infected
animals. Series
of shots given
afterward.
Only treatment
is prevention
with a
vaccination
against the
disease.
Treatment is an
antibiotic
specific to the
strain of
bacteria. Sterile
conditions in
surgery help
prevent.
Penicillin for
adults and
amoxicillin for
children.
Parts and other unique
characteristics
Considered weapon of
choice for bioterrorist
attack. Is 30% fatal.
“Eradicated” so we no
longer vaccinate. Would
take at least 3 years for
enough to use to prevent an
epidemic.
Before WWII, more than
half of all fatalities in wars
were caused by staph
infections. Is now
“swapping genes” with
other bacteria to become
resistant to antibiotics.
Group A strep can result in
rheumatic fever which can
cause heart disease. Can
lead to Sydenham’s chorea,
which causes jerky movements and inflammation of
the kidneys
Soil
bacteria/Streptomyces
X X
Bacteria
Virus
Harmful
Helpful
Common name/
scientific name
X
Transmission
or vector
(including
incubation
time)
Found in soil
where they
break down
organic matter.
Symptoms if
harmful/benefits if helpful
Cure/Treatment? (only if
harmful)
Streptomyces coelicolor has
been used to manufacture
over 50 different antibuitics.
Commercial sources of
streptomycin, an antibiotic.
Chromosome contains
more genes than other soil
bacteria. DNA does not
finish at both ends.
Streptomyces scabies attcks
root vegetables such as
potatoes, beets, etc.
Tetanus/Clostridium
tetani
X
X
Warts
X
X
Yellow Fever
X
X
Enters
puncture
wounds from
soil, dust and
manure.
Passed from
person-toperson,
sometimes
indirectly.
Don’t usually
show up for
several month.
Mosquitoes in
tropics
Starts with headache,
stiffness of jaw, sweating
and fever. Severe muscle
spasms leading to “locking”
of the jaw so patient cannot
open his mouth or swallow.
Death results from
suffocation.
Are benign tumors in skin
tissue. Can occur in genital
regions. They are usually
skin colored and feel rough
to the touch, but they can be
dark and smooth.
3-6 weeks after being bit,
fever, headache, vomiting,
backache, slow pulse,
anemia, bleeding gums and
bloody urine.
Parts and other unique
characteristics
Vaccination is
best protection.
Salicylic gel for
children.
Cryotherapy
(freezing), lasar
surgery, cutting
or bleomycin
(anti-cancer
drug) for adults.
Preventable by
immunization.
Used to be called
“lockjaw”. Not transmitted
from person to person.
Getting this may not lead
to immunity. Toxins are
produced by the spores that
can survive as inactive for
a long time.
Double-stranded DNA
virus called
papillomaviruses. Are
classified by their clinical
features and morphology.
Can lead to shock, bleeding
and kidney and liver failure
(shows as jaundice). Was
responsible for many
deaths during the building
of the Panama Canal.