Download Revised Study Guide - Unit 8 - 1920s to 1950s

A.P. United States History
Mr. MacLehose
The Roaring Twenties to the 1950s (Ch. 24-29)
As you read Chapters 24-29, keep the following key terms in mind. You may want to
outline the terms in preparation for a quiz. For each term, you should be familiar with
relevant people, dates, events, and its impact.
Election of 1920 (end of Chapter 33) – key issues & candidates
“red scare”
A. Mitchell Palmer
Sacco & Vanzetti
Ku Klux Klan – similarities/differences to Old Klan
“100% Americanism”
Immigration restriction – including Emergency Quota Act of 1921 and Immigration
Act of 1924
8) New immigration
9) Eighteenth Amendment
10) Volstead Act
11) “speakeasies”
12) Al Capone
13) Rise of gangs & gangsters
14) John Dewey
15) Educational reform
16) Fundamentalism vs. Evolution
17) Scopes Trial
18) Clarrence Darrow
19) William Jennings Bryan (in context of 1920s)
20) Andrew Mellon
21) Age of advertising (The Man Nobody Knows)
22) Rise of sports & sports heroes (Babe Ruth, Jack Dempsey, etc.)
23) Buying on credit
24) Henry Ford & Ransom E. Olds
25) Model T
26) Role of automobiles
27) Charles Lindbergh & The Spirit of St. Louis
28) Radio’s impact
29) Radio station KDKA
30) Hollywood and films
31) Silent vs. talkies (The Birth of a Nation, The Jazz Singer)
32) Margaret Sanger & birth-control movement
33) “Flappers”
34) Jazz Age
35) Marcus Garvey & UNIA
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
36) Writers of 1920s (H.L. Mencken, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Sinclair
Lewis, William Faulkner)
37) Poetry of 1920s (Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot, Robert Frost)
38) Harlem Renaissance (Langston Hughes, Zora Neal Hurston, Paul Robeson)
39) Frank Lloyd Wright & architecture
40) Stock Market in 1920s
41) Buying stocks “on margin”
42) Mellon’s response to taxes and Bull Market
Themes
a) What impact did the “red scare” have on American politics and society?
b) Compare and contrast the New Klan of the 1920s with the original Klan.
c) Why did Americans react so harshly to the new immigrants of the 1920s?
d) Compare and contrast the efforts of Americans to restrict immigration in the 1920s
with earlier anti-immigration movements.
e) Discuss the impact of prohibition on American life. (Pros & cons)
f) What impact did urbanization have on America? (especially on rural America)
g) Were the 1920s a prosperous era for all Americans?
h) How did the Jazz Age affect American culture?
i) What impact did new technology have on American culture?
j) Discuss the influence of WWI on shaping the new literature and art of the 1920s.
k) How did Americans respond to the prosperity of Wall Street?
The Great Depression & New Deal (Ch. 25 & 26)
43) Stock Market Crash
44) “Black Tuesday”
45) Hoover’s response to Depression (including expansion and limitation of federal
gov’t)
46) “rugged individual”
47) Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
48) Bonus Expeditionary Force
49) Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) – early career
50) Election of 1932
51) First Hundred Days
52) FDR’s 3 R’s (Relief, Recovery, Reform)
53) Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act (esp. FDIC)
54) Alphapbet agencies (or soup) – CCC, FERA, AAA, HOLC, CWA, WPA, NRA, etc.
55) FDR’s cabinet (including “Brain Trust”, Harry Hopkins, Harold Ickes, Frances
Perkins, etc.)
56) FDR’s critics – Father Charles Coughlin, Huey Long, Dr. Francis E. Townsend
57) John Steinbeck
58) Labor – NRA
59) End of Prohibition (21st Amendment)
60) Farming - AAA
61) Dust Bowl
2
62) “Okies” & “Arkies”
63) Stock Market – SEC
64) Power Plants – TVA
65) Housing – FHA
66) Retirement – Social Security
67) John L. Lewis (unions)
68) Wagner Act
69) Sit-down strike
70) Election of 1936 (landslide victory)
71) Supreme Court battle (esp. FDR’s court packing idea)
72) John Maynard Keynes (deficit spending)
Themes
l) Compare and contrast Hoover’s and FDR’s response to the Depression.
m) Was the New Deal successful?
n) Did the New Deal achieve any of the 3 R’s? Which were most successful?
o) Analyze the New Deal critics. Were they justified?
p) Compare FDR’s first term to his second.
q) Did the New Deal move the country closer to socialism?
r) Did the New Deal save capitalism and business?
s) Discuss the roots of the “Red Scare” in the New Deal.
World War II (Ch. 27)
73) Axis Aggression
a) Japan: Manchuria & Rape of Nanking
b) Germany: rearmament, Rhineland, Austria, Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia
c) Italy: Ethiopia & Albania
d) Spanish Civil War
74) Recognition of the Soviet Union
75) Good Neighbor policy
76) Dictators in Europe (Mussolini, Stalin, Hitler)
77) Isolationism in 1930s
78) Neutrality Acts (including later acts)
79) FDR’s “Quarantine Speech”
80) Sinking of Panay
81) Munich Conference
82) Nazi-Soviet Pact
83) Invasion of Poland
84) “phony war”
85) Fall of France
86) Conscription law
87) Battle of Britain
88) Destroyers for Bases Deal
89) Election of 1940
90) Lend-Lease Act
3
91) German invasion of Soviet Union
92) Atlantic Charter
93) Roosevelt’s “shoot-on-sight” policy (including Reuben James & arming of merchant
ships)
94) Pearl Harbor (esp. Japanese negotiations w/ US and US response)
95) “Get Japan First” vs. “Get Germany First” strategies
96) Japanese-American internment
97) Impact of War Production Board
98) Women in military (WAACS, WAVES, SPARS)
99) “Rosie the Riveter”
100) A. Philip Randolph and the “Double V” campaign
101) Wartime migrations
102) Impact of war on industry and economy (esp. Great Depression)
103) Key battles in Pacific theater:
a) Philippines
b) Midway
c) island hopping
d) Saipan (esp. “Suicide Cliff”)
e) Iwo Jima
f) Okinawa
g) dropping of atomic bomb (Hiroshima, Nagasaki)
h) V-J Day
104) Key battles in European theater
a) El Alamein
b) Stalingrad
c) North African “second front”
d) Italian campaign
e) D-Day and invasion of France
f) Battle of Bulge
g) V-E Day
105) Wartime Conferences: Atlantic Charter, Casablanca, Cairo, Teheran, Yalta,
Postdam
106) “Big Three” (FDR, Churchill, Stalin)
107) Election of 1944
108) Holocaust
Themes
a) Compare and contrast US response to WWI & WWII.
b) Compare and contrast country’s isolationism w/ FDR’s policies.
c) Did FDR push the country to war?
d) Why did the Allies rely on appeasement with the Axis powers? Was it effective?
e) What impact did WWII have on the economy?
f) What impact did WWII have on social groups (women, African-Americans,
Japanese-Americans, Latinos, etc.)?
g) Was FDR justified in interning Japanese Americans? Should other citizens of enemy
countries have been interned?
4
h) What impact did WWII have on individual civil rights?
i) To what extent did WWII build on the expanded role of the federal government in the
New Deal?
j) Compare and contrast the role of the federal government on the homefront in WWII
to WWI.
k) To what extent do the roots of the Cold War lie in US-Soviet relations during WWII?
Early Cold War & 1950s (Ch. 28 & 29)
109) Yalta Conference – establishment of eastern & western spheres of influence &
Asian policy
110) New international organizations (IMF, World Bank, etc.)
111) United Nations (contrast US reaction to League of Nations)
112) Division of Germany (East & West)
113) Berlin Airlift
114) George F. Kennan & “Containment Policy” (development under Truman –
guiding principal of U.S. foreign policy)
115) Truman Doctrine
116) Aid to Greece & Turkey
117) George C. Marshall (role as Secretary of State & role during WWII as head of
army)
118) Marshall Plan
119) National Security Act (esp. formation of Dept. of Defense, CIA & NSC)
120) Formation of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
121) General Douglas MacArthur (role in Japan and later conflict w/ Truman over
Korea)
122) Development in Japan
123) Red China (Communist) vs. Nationalist China (Mao Zedong vs. Chaing KaiShek)
124) Dean Acheson
125) Arms Race b/w US & USSR
126) Anti-Communism at home (esp. Alger Hiss, Rosenberg Trial)
127) McCarthyism and Red Scare (esp. downfall w/ Army Hearings)
128) Korean War (esp. in context of Cold War)
129) NSC-68
130) John Foster Dulles & “roll back” policy
131) Nikita Krushchev
132) Hungarian revolt (1956)
133) Ho Chi Minh & Dienbienphu/Geneva Agreements (1954)
134) Egypt & Suez Canal Crisis
135) Eisenhower Doctrine
136) Sputnik & the Space Race (formation of NASA; impact on education)
137) Fidel Castro & Cuban Revolution
138) U2 Spy Plane
139)
Truman’s Fair Deal
5
140)
141)
142)
143)
144)
145)
146)
147)
148)
149)
150)
151)
152)
153)
154)
G.I. Bill (Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944)
Economic boom of 1950s
Rise in union membership
American affluence
Dr. Benjamin Spock
Shifting population patterns (“Sun Belt”)
Rise of suburbia
Interstate Highway Act
“white flight”
“baby boom”
Elections of 1952 & 1956 (“I like Ike”)
Culture in 1950s – television & rock ‘n’ roll
Affluence of 1950s (rise of consumerism)
Elvis Presley, Chuck Berry, etc. (early rock ‘n’ roll)
Literature of 1950s
155)
156)
157)
158)
159)
160)
161)
162)
163)
164)
165)
166)
Civil Rights Movement)
Desegregation of Army (Executive Order)
Election of 1948
Dixiecrats
Jim Crow segregation
Thurgood Marshall & NAACP
Warren Court & “judicial activism”
Brown v. Board of Education, 1954 (esp. in contrast to Plessy v. Ferguson)
Rosa Parks & Montgomery Bus Boycott
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Integration of Little Rock, AR
Civil Rights organizations (SCLC, SNCC, CORE, NAACP, etc.)
Civil disobedience & “sit-ins”
Themes
a) Shift in American foreign policy – from isolation to international world power
b) Movement to suburbia – impact on cities, suburbs, & country
c) Cold War – roots, causes, impact, examples
d) McCarthy & Red Scare – demagogue or acting on American paranoia?
e) Cultural shifts – impact of TV, rock n roll, popular culture
f) 1950s – conformity or change?
g) Compare the appeasement policy of the 1930s to the US response to communist
aggression (real and perceived) after WWII.
6