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Study Guide
To accompany
“The American Civil War: 1861-1865”
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Which underlying cause of the war means that a person had more allegiance to
their region than to the nation as a whole?
Which underlying cause infers that there was disagreement about the role of the
national government?
What was the North’s economy based on?
What was the South’s economy based on?
Which region would be opposed to tariffs?
Approximately how many more slaves were there in 1860 than in 1790?
According to the slide, which states were Southern slaveholding states in 1860?
What percentage of southerners owned no slaves in 1860?
According to the slide, which states were Northern free states in 1860?
According to the slide, what “laid a basis for expansion” in the Northern
economy.
Which four parties ran for the office of president in the 1860 election?
What four candidates ran for the office of president in the 1860 election?
By the time Lincoln assumed the presidency, how many states had seceded from
the union?
Approximately how many electoral votes did Lincoln score in the 1860 election?
What percent of the popular vote did Lincoln receive in the 1860 election?
In his 1860 inaugural address, who did Lincoln say would be the “aggressors” in a
Civil War?
What was the “trigger” that set off the first wave of secession in the southern
slave states?
The first state to secede was……………………………………………………….?
When did this state secede?
Where did the southern state delegates meet to form the Confederate States of
America?
What “right” was protected in the Confederate constitution?
Who was elected first president of the Confederate States of America?
Which states were the “border states”?
How were these states similar to the Confederate states, and different from the
Union states?
Why was it important for the Union to hold these states at all costs?
What was the “Cause”?
What fort in Charleston Harbor did Lincoln not want to surrender?
Who was the Union commander at this fort?
What was Lincoln’s “dilemma” regarding this fort?
Who was the Confederate commander during the firing on this fort?
Why did Lincoln declare martial law in Maryland?
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Write either of the nicknames for the Union strategy in fighting the war.
What Union general devised this strategy?
What are the major elements of this strategy?
What was the southern strategy?
What was “Lee’s Dilemma”?
What were “bounties”?
What was the name of the law that provided for the first draft in US History?
How much was the bounty? How much money would that be in the year 2005?
What were substitutes?
Who were targeted in the New York Draft Riots?
What steps did Lincoln take to deal with dissenters?
Who were the Copperheads?
Who was the “most famous Copperhead”?
Who did Lincoln command as the first “General of the Union Army”?
What eventually happened to this general?
What was the first submarine to sink a warship?
What did the Confederates re-name the Merrimack?
What was the Monitor’s turret nicknamed?
What was the “Dictator”?
Who was the Union commander at First Bull Run?
Who was the Confederate commander at First Bull Run?
Was this battle a Union victory or Confederate victory?
What were the “results” of this battle?
Who did Lincoln appoint as commander after the battle of First Bull Run?
What British steamer were two Confederate envoys arrested from in 1861?
The Peninsular Campaign was the brainchild of what Union General?
Why did the “tide” in the Peninsular Campaign change?
Which Confederate general was wounded in the Battle of Fair Oaks?
What general replaced him?
Who won this battle?
What was the name of the Confederate counterattack to the Peninsula Campaign?
What nickname did General US Grant receive as a result of the Union victory at
Fort Donelson?
What state was Shiloh located in?
What name did the Confederates give Shiloh?
What error did Grant make on the first day of the battle?
What Confederate General was killed in the “Peach Orchard” at Shiloh?
What Union General brought reinforcements to Shiloh on the second day of the
battle?
What did Lincoln remark about Grant after some wanted him removed from
command after the Battle of Shiloh?
What two boats were involved in the Battle of Hampton Roads?
Where was Hampton Roads located?
Which ship won the battle between the two?
What major error did General Pope make at the Battle of Second Bull Run?
By the end of summer, 1862, what did abolitionists push for?
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What state is Antietam in?
What did Lee hope to accomplish fighting there?
How did McClellan find out about Lee’s strategy at Antietam?
How did McClellan approach the battle?
What religious sect had a church that was damaged during the morning phase of
the battle of Antietam?
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What Union General was assigned to defend a bridge in the later afternoon phase
of the battle, but suffered from poor command skills?
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What did this General make famous?
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Why could McClellan claim a victory at Antietam?
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What date did Lincoln announce the Emancipation Proclamation?
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What date would this become effective?
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What would the Emancipation Proclamation do?
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What were the three “effects” of the Emancipation Proclamation?
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What date did Lincoln remove McClellan from command?
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Why did Burnside want to take Fredericksburg?
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What delayed Burnside from doing this?
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What Union general was assigned the task of assaulting Marye’s Heights?
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Who commanded the Union “Irish Brigade”?
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What famous American poet traveled to Fredericksburg looking for his wounded
brother?
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Finish the sentence from Lincoln’s 1862 Address to Congress, “We shall nobly
save, or meanly lose, the
………………………………………………………………….
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Who published an anti-slaver newspaper called “The North Star”?
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What were “contrabands”?
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Where in South Carolina were some contrabands relocated?
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What woman traveled to South Carolina to teach the contrabands?
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This woman was named “Superintendent of Nurses”, and nicknamed “Dragon”
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This woman was known as the “Angel of the Battlefield”, and later founded the
American Red Cross
100. This woman traveled with Union troops throughout the war, was nicknamed
“Mother”.
101. This woman was the aunt of Stephen Douglas and was also a Confederate spy.
102. This woman wrote “Battle Hymn of the Republic”
103. This man wrote “Battle Cry of Freedom”
104. What ratio of Union soldiers was killed by disease?
105. What ratio of Confederate soldiers was killed by disease?
106. What year was the US Sanitary Commission formed?
107. What idea did the Commission promote and continued to promote after the end of
the war?
108. What were Hooker’s goals prior to the Battle of Chancellorsville?
109. What was Lee’s “daring move”?
110. What did Hooker believe Lee’s forces were doing?
111. How was Stonewall Jackson killed in this battle?
112. Who did Lincoln appoint Union commander after Chancellorsville?
113. Who saved the Union position at the end of Day 1 at Gettysburg?
114. What did the Union lines at Gettysburg resemble?
115. What was the significance of “Little Round Top”?
116. What was the significance of “Devil’s Den”?
117. Chamberlain and his men were ordered to hold Little Round Top, “at all
………………………….”
118. What regiment did Chamberlain command?
119. How did the regiment defeat the advancing Confederate forces?
120. What was Lincoln invited to do at “Gettysburg”?
121. Why did he probably accept the invitation?
122. What did Lincoln believe about Vicksburg?
123. After failed attempts to capture the city, what did Grant do in order to subdue
Vicksburg?
124. What did Lincoln remark after the fall of Vicksburg?
125. How many years would it be before the city of Vicksburg again celebrated tWh
4th of July?
126. What Massachusetts governor established the 54th Massachusetts?
127. Who was put in command of the regiment?
128. What fort did more than half of the 54th Massachusetts die trying to take?
129. Who was the first black recipient of the Congressional Medal of Honor?
130. Who was known as the “Rock of Chicamauga”?
131. What was the nickname of the Battle of Lookout Mountain, because of the fog?
132. While Grant was initially defeated in the Wilderness Campaign, what did he do
compared to other Union generals before him?
133. What was Sherman’s goal in his march?
134. According to battle plans, what city would Sherman take? What city would Grant
take?
135. When did Atlanta surrender to Sherman?
136. What city did Sherman take at Christmas, 1864?
137. What bizarre plan did General Burnside hatch to invade Petersburg?
138. What happened as a result of this?
139. What two candidates ran against each other in the Election of 1864?
140. Who won the election?
141. Who was the commandant of the Andersonville prison camp?
142. What state was Andersonville located in?
143. How many prisoners died there?
144. What happened to the commandant?
145. What Union POW camp had notorious conditions?
146. What percentage of the prisoners died there?
147. Whose chair did Lincoln sit in when he visited Richmond on April 3?
148. Who accompanied Lincoln?
149. Where did Lee surrender to Grant?
150. What date was President Lincoln assassinated?
151. Who was the assassin?
152. Where did the assassination occur?
153. What was the plan of the assassin and his co-conspirators?
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Where was Lincoln taken after he was shot?
Who shot the assassin several days later?
Where was Jefferson Davis captured?
Where was Lincoln buried?
What happened to most of the conspirators?
Approximately how many military personnel died during the Civil War?
Approximately how much of the South’s total wealth was lost as a result of the
Civil War?
Answer Key
1.
Sectionalism
2.
States’ Rights
3.
Industry and Agriculture
4.
Agriculture
5.
South
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3,500,000
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Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama,
Mississippi, Florida, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Texas.
8.
75%
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Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut,
New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin,
Iowa, and Minnesota.
10.
“Yankee ingenuity and inventiveness”
11.
Republican, Northern Democrats, Southern Democrats, and Constitutional Union.
12.
Abraham Lincoln, Stephen Douglas, John Breckenridge, and John Bell
13.
Seven
14.
180
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Less than 40%
16.
Lincoln said, “You can have no conflict without yourselves (the southern states)
being the aggressors.”
17.
The election of Abraham Lincoln
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South Carolina.
19.
December, 1860
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Montgomery, Alabama
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rights of slave owners
22.
Jefferson Davis
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Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, Maryland.
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They allowed slavery, but were kept in the Union.
25.
To keep their economic resources, to keep their manpower for the Union war
effort.
26.
The Confederates were fighting for their independence, therefore the “Cause”.
27.
Fort Sumter.
28.
Major (Robert) Anderson
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The fort was running out of supplies, and Lincoln either would supply it and risk
war, or not supply the fort, and the Union forces there would have to abandon it.
30.
General Beauregard
31.
Because private citizens with southern sympathies attacked and killed soldiers
from the 6th Massachusetts regiment.
32.
“Anaconda” or “Boa Constrictor”
33.
General Winfield Scott
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Capture the Confederate Capital (Richmond), invade Tennessee to move into the
south, strike along the Mississippi River to split the Confederacy, blockade southern
ports.
35.
The south needed foreign support, so their plan was to fight a defensive war,
attacking only when victory seemed likely. Southern generals did have the option,
however, to invade the North, which they did twice, at Antietam and Gettysburg. Both
were failures.
36.
Lee had been offered command of the Union Army, but he declined, waiting to
see if Virginia would secede. When it did, Lee resigned his army commission, and took a
command position in the Confederate army.
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Bounties were cash bonuses for joining the military.
38.
The Enrollment Act
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$300; $4,500.
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Northern men wishing to avoid military service during the Civil War could hire a
“substitute” to take their place. In the South, planters with more than 20 slaves could also
apply for an exemption from service.
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The rioters targeted those thought to be able to afford substitutes as well as
African-Americans rioters thought were taking the jobs of volunteers.
42.
Sent troops to stop protests or riots; suspended habeas corpus, seized telegraph
offices.
43.
The Copperheads were also known as “Peace Democrats”. They sympathized
with the South.
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Congressman Clement Vallandingham of Ohio was known as the “most famous
Copperhead”.
45.
Irwin McDowell
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He lost the First Battle of Bull Run, and Lincoln replaced him.
47.
The CSS Hunley
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CSS Virginia
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“The Cheesebox”
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A 13 inch, 17,000 lb. mortar that could lob shells into the city (Petersburg) from a
distance of approximately 2 ½ miles.
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McDowell
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Beauregard
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Confederate victory
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It made many realize that the war would be a long and bloody struggle.
55.
General George B. McClellan
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the HMS Trent
57.
McClellan
58.
McClellan believed that he was facing an army of much larger strength than he
was, and he believed he was in for a long campaign, and his men carried a large amount
of equipment.
59.
Johnston
60.
Robert E. Lee
61.
No one, the battle ended in a stalemate.
62.
Seven Days Battle
63.
“Unconditional Surrender”
64.
Tennessee
65.
Pittsburg Landing
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The Confederates caught his position unprepared, without any guards or patrols to
give advanced warning.
67.
General Albert Johnston
68.
Don Carlos Buell
69.
“I can’t spare this man…he fights”
70.
The Monitor and the Merrimack
71.
Near the James River in Virginia
72.
The battle ended in a draw.
73.
Pope thought the Confederates were retreating from the battlefield; in actuality
they were advancing.
74.
They were pushing for Lincoln to free the slaves.
75.
Maryland
76.
Lee hoped that the battle would bring foreign support for the Confederacy.
77.
One of McClellan’s soldiers found a copy of Lee’s battle plans wrapped in a
bundle of three cigars.
78.
McClellan still approached cautiously, believing that Lee had more men than he
actually did.
79.
The Dunkers
80.
General Ambrose Burnside
81.
Distinctive facial whiskers, known as sideburns
82.
Lee retreated, so McClellan claimed a victory
83.
September 22, 1862
84.
January 1, 1863
85.
It would free the slaves in “territories in rebellion”.
86.
The effects included “union in the North”, “disunion in the South”, and it “kept
Britain out of the war”.
87.
November 5, 1862
88.
Burnside saw this as a good way to get a foothold against Richmond. He planned
to cross the Rappahannock River, and then seize the town and fortify the hills before Lee
could send reinforcements.
89.
Burnside wanted to have his men cross the Rappahannock on pontoon bridges. It
took two weeks to have the bridges delivered, which allowed Lee time to bring needed
reinforcements.
90.
General “Fighting Joe” Hooker.
91.
Thomas Meagher.
92.
Walt Whitman
93,
“last best hope of earth”.
94.
Frederick Douglass
95.
Contrabands were slaves who had either been captured by advancing Union
soldiers or who had run away from their masters.
96.
The Sea Islands
97.
Charlotte Forten.
98.
Dorothea Dix
99.
Clara Barton
100. Mary Ann (Mother) Bickerdyke
101. Rose O’Neal Greenhow
102. Julia Ward Howe
103. George F. Root
104. Three of every five
105. Two of every three
106. 1861
107. Philanthropy.
108. Force Lee out of his entrenchments at Fredericksburg; Sever Lee’s line of
communication with Richmond; Crush Lee’s army through a “pincer” move
109. Lee and his lieutenants divided his forces, and sent some of them back to
Fredericksburg. He then took his undersized army and attacked Hooker on his flanks.
110. Retreating
111. Shot by friendly fire.
112. George G. Meade
113. General John Buford.
114. The shape of the Union Line resembled a fishhook.
115. It provided high ground at the end of the “fishhook”, and was held after a vicious
battle.
116. Sharpshooters were able to conduct a brutal slaughter of Union troops.
117. “at all hazards”.
118. 20th Maine
119. Chamberlain ordered a bayonet attack by the Union as the Confederates were
coming up the hill. The Confederates were so surprised that they broke ranks.
120. “a few appropriate remarks”
121. He probably accepted the invitation to speak as an opportunity to explain his view
of the war as a struggle to gain equality as well as a struggle to save the Union.
122. Lincoln believed that taking Vicksburg was the key to winning the war.
123. He laid siege.
124. “The Father of Waters goes unvexed to the sea”.
125. 81 years
126. John Andrew
127. Robert Gould Shaw
128. Fort Wagner
129. Sergeant William Carney
130. General George Thomas
131. “Battle Above the Clouds”
132. Other generals had retreated if they lost initially; Grant decided he would stay and
continue to fight on.
133. Sherman wanted to cut through the heartland of the south and destroy anything of
military value to prove that the southern army could not protect its own land. It would
therefore be forced to surrender.
134. Sherman would take Atlanta; Grant would take Richmond
135. September, 1864
136. Savannah, Georgia.
137. Burnside planned to load tons of explosives under the city, and break through and
rush the city’s defenses.
138. It was unsuccessful. The Union forces became entrapped in the crater created as a
result of the explosion, and Confederate forces fired down on them.
139. Lincoln and McClellan
140. Lincoln
141. Henry Wirz
142. More than 1/3 of the 13,000 prisoners of war died at Andersonville
143. Wirz was put on trial and executed as a war criminal.
144. Elmira, New York
145. 24%
146. Jefferson Davis
147. His son, Tad
148. Appomattox Court House, Virginia
149. Officers could keep side arms and personal possessions; Officers and men who
owned horses could keep them, each man was allowed to return home.
150. President Lincoln was assassinated on April 14, 1865.
151. John Wilkes Booth
152. Ford’s Theater
153. Booth and his co-conspirators would not only assassinate President Lincoln, but
they would also assassinate most of the executive branch of the US Government.
154. Lincoln was carried to the Peterson Boarding House across the street from Ford’s.
He died the next morning.
155. Booth was shot by Sergeant Boston Corbett
156. Davis was captured near Irwinville, Georgia
157. Lincoln was buried in Springfield, Illinois
158. They were hanged.
159. Approximately 620,000
160. The South lost nearly half of its wealth as a result of the war.