Download II. Key Choices

Fall Cummulative Anatomy & Physiology Exam Review
(Orientation, Histology, Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular & Digestive Systems)
I. Matching:
Answers
A.
B.
C.
D.
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
E.
F.
G.
H.
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Immune
Respiratory
I.
J.
K.
L.
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
L. Endocrine
Statments
1. Rids body of nitrogen-containing waste.
2. Provides support & levers for the muscular system.
3. Delivers oxygen & nutrients to the tissues.
4. Is damaged when you cut your finger or get a sunburn.
5. Breaks down ingested food.
6. Controls body with hormones.
7. Trachea, bronchi, alveoli
8. Moves the limbs, allows you to smile
9. Testis, vas deferens, urethra.
II. Key Choices: Using the key choices, correctly identify the following major tissue types. Enter the appropriate letter in the answer blank.
A. Connective
Answers
B. Epithelium
C. Muscle
D. Nervous
Statments
10. Forms mucous, serous, & epidermal membranes.
11. Transmits electrochemical impulses.
12. Supports body organs.
13. Cells of this tissue may absorb & or secrete substances.
14. The major function of the cells of this tissue type is to shorten.
15. Characterized by having large amounts of nonliving matrix.
III. Label the following tissues:
16.
19.
16.
17.
18.
20.
17.
21.
18.
IV. Match the cavity with the various body organs.
A. Cranial
_____22. Pancrease
_____23. Brain
_____24. Spleen
B. Thoracic
19.
C. Spinal
_____25. Heart
_____26. Spinal cord
_____27. Lungs
20.
21.
D. Abdominopelvic
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V. Motions / Muscles
Question
28. What is another name for a primary mover?
29. What is another name for a secondary mover or a muscle that helps the primary mover?
30. What is a specialized synergist that stabilizes the origin of a primary mover so all the tension can be used to
move the insertion bone?
31. The majority of all ankle sprains occur due to what motion?
32. When you accelerate the gas pedal in your car your foot is in what motion?
33. When you bend you knee or decrease the angle of the joint it is called what motion?
34. The attachment site of a muscle where motion can occur is what site?
VI. Match: Use the following directional terms to complete the statements.
A. Anterior
B. Distal
C. Distal
D. Inferior
_____35. The fingers are *** to the wrist.
_____36. The heart is *** to the liver.
_____37. The stomach is *** to the spine.
Answer
E. Proximal
F. Superior
_____38. The upper arm is *** to the forearm.
_____39. The umbilicus is *** to the sternum
VII. Label the following:
38
(layer)39
(gland) 46
(gland) 45
(layer) 40
44
(muscle) 42
(corpuscle) 43
(layer)41
41
38.
42.
39.
43.
40.
44.
41.
45.
46.
VIII. Bones
Answer
Statement
47. The zygomatic bones are the cheekbones of the face.
48. Smooth muscle cells possess central nuclei but lack striations.
49. Squamous cells are normally considered to be flattened, scale-like cells.
50. Ribs numbered 11 & 12 are true ribs because they have no anterior attachments.
51. The lateral forearm bone that articulates with most of the carpals is the radius.
52. The atlas is a circle of bone that articulates superiorly with the occipital condyles.
53. The squamosal suture is between the parietal & occipital bones.
54. The major function of serous membranes would be to reduce friction.
55. The Saggital suture is between the occipital & parietal bones.
IX. Completion: Skeletal system
Questions
56. In what type of fracture does the bone penetrate through the skin?
57. What bone cells are able to reabsorb bone?
58. What bone cells secrete matrix during intramembranous ossification.
59. What fluid lubricates some joints?
60. Kinesiology is the science of ****?
Answer
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X . Answer the questions on integumentary system.
Question
Answer
61. Approximately how much does the skin weigh?
62. What is the major tissue type of the epidermis?
63. What is the tough, water repellant protein called?
64. What layer of the hair is the central core of the hair?
65. Split ends occur due to damage to what layer of the hair?
66. What is the fine, pale body hair of women & children called?
67. What is the white crescent part of the nail called?
68. What is a blood clot beneath the nail called?
69. What do ceruminous glands secrete?
70. Male body hair is what type of hair?
71. Krauses end bulb responds to what type of stimulas?
72. Ruffini’s corpuscle responds to what type of stimulas?
XI. Matching: Identify the structure involved by choosing the appropriate term from column B
_____73. Concentric layers of calcified matrix.
_____74. Site of osteocytes
_____75. Longitudinal canal carrying blood vessels, lymphatics, & nerves
_____76. Nonliving, structural part of bone.
_____77. Minute canals connecting lacunae
A. Haversian canal
B. Concentric Lamellae
C. Lacunae
D. Canaliculi
E. Matrix
XIII. Muscle Function Completion:
Question
Answer
78. The Rectus abdominus, obliques & transverses abdominus all perform what action?
79. The hamstrings do what action?
80. What is the longest muscle in the human body?
81. What is the action of the quads?
82. What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid?
83-84. Name 2 hamstring muscles
XV. Trace the pathway of food as it travels through the digestive system. (include all accessory structures as well)
85.
(aka: oral cavity)
86.
(perform mechanical digestion)
87.
(forms a food bolus)
88.
(aka: throat)
89.
(long food tube)
90.
(food storage tank)
91.
(Most nutrient absorption occurs here)
92.
(1st part of the 21’ absorption tube)
93.
(creates bile)
94.
(stores bile & secretes it into the 1st part of the 21” absorption tube)
95.
(secretes digestive enzymes into the 1st part of the 21’ absorption tube)
96.
(Middle portion of the 21’ absorption tube)
97.
(last portion of the 21’ absorption tube)
98.
(water absorption occurs here)
99.
(finger like extension off of the 1st part of the water absorption tube)
100.
(found in the LRQ)
101.
(Found framing the right side of the abdominal cavity)
102.
(Found framing the top portion of the abdominal cavity)
103.
(Found framing the left side of the abdominal cavity)
104.
(“S” shaped tube)
105.
(Last 6-8” of the water absorption tube)
106.
(Exit shoot)
XVI. Multiple choice: (digestive system)
107.
Which of the following is NOT an organ of the alimentary canal: a) esophagus
b) mouth c) teeth
d) pharynx
e) stomach
108.
When full, the stomach can hold approximately: a) 3 liters of food
b) one gallon of food
c) 2 liters of food
d) 1 liter of food
e) two gallons of food.
109.
The small intestine extends inferiorly from the : a) pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve
b) ileocecal valve to the appendix
c) appendix to the sigmoid colon d) cardioesophageal sphincter to the pyloric sphincter
e) sigmoid colon to the anus
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110.
The “gatekeeper” of the small intestine that regulates food movement into it is the:
a) hepatopancreatic ampulla
d) external anal sphincter
e) ileum
The primary function of the small intestine is: a) mineral secretion
b) waste secretion
c) vitamin conversion
d) water absorption
e) food absorption
Which of the following is NOT a subdivision of the large intestine: a) colon
b) rectum
c) cecum
d) appendix
e) duodenum
Amylase is an enzyme that digests: a) starch
b) fat
c) minerals
d) vitamins
e) protein
The number of permanent teeth in the adult mouth is: a) 28
b) 32
c) 24
d) 20
e) 36
The chisel-shaped teeth, like those in the front that are adapted for cutting are the: a) molars
b) canines
c) incisors
d) premolars
e) wisdom teeth
b) jejunum
c) pyloric sphincter
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
Buildup of bile in the liver leading to bile pigments circulating through the body would lead to:
a) cyanosis
b) hepatitis
c) jaundice
d) cirrhosis
e) no problem man
117.
The sequence of steps in which large food molecules are broken down to their building blocks by enzymes is called: a) propulsion
118.
Swallowing & peristalsis both assist in: a) ingestion
b) absorption
c) chemical digestion
c) chemical digestion
119.
123.
c) absorption
d) minerals
d) digestion
b) vitamins
e) ingestion
e) proteins
The journey of chyme through the small intestine takes: a) 1-2 days
b) 1 week
e) 4-6 hours
ATP is produced in greatest quantity during: a) the electron transport chain
b) glycolysis
c) fat metabolism
d) the Krebs cycle
e) protein metabolism
Inorganic substances that the body needs & must ingest are: a) vitamins
b) carbon
c) minerals
d) complete proteins
e) coenzymes
c) 1-3 hours
122.
b) defecation
The nutrient that is first to be chemically digested is: a) starch
c) fat
121.
d) propulsion
Transport of digested end products from the GI tract to the blood or lymph is called:
a) propulsion
120.
d) mechanical digestion
e) ingestion
b) mechanical digestion
e) absorption
d) 18-24 hours
XVII. True or False
124.
Enzymes of the microvilli are called brush border enzymes.
125.
It is best to have HDL & LDL in equal amounts in the bloodstream.
XIX. Short Answer: (Muscular System)
126. Allows blowing, sucking in your cheeks.
127. Frowning or pouting muscle
128. A muscle that allows you to shrug your shoulders or extend your head.
129. Primary muscles that extends the upper arm posteriorly originating from the lumbodorsal fascia.
130. Abducts upper arm, assists in flexion & extension of upper arm, is an antagonist to the muscle in #157.
131. Small rectangular muscles that act together to square the shoulders. (major & minor)
132. The primary muscle group that extends the knee.
133. A superficial muscle of the lateral leg; plantar flexes & everts the foot.
134. Primary elbow flexor & supinates the forearm & hand.
135. Agonist to extend elbow
XX. Joint Matching:
A. Ball & Socket
B. Condyloid
C. Gomphosis
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
D. Hinge
E. Pivot
F. Plane
G. Saddle
H. Suture
I. Syndesmoses
J.
Synchondroses
Nearly all skull joints
Epiphyseal disks.
Knuckle like joint; egg shape fits into an oval shape
Joint between tooth & it’s socket.
Hip & shoulder joints.
Intervertebral joints.
Distal tibiofibular joints.
Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.
Elbow, knee, & interphalangeal joints.
Joint between C1 & C2.
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