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The Nature of History: Terms/ Concepts Artifact Pre-history history Archaeology Palaeontology Physical geography human geography Excavation/ dig Stratigraphy radio-carbon/ carbon- 14 dendrochronology strata thermolominescence AD/ BC/ BCE/ CE/ BP Organic remains inorganic remains fossil Primary and secondary sources What methods does an archaeologist use and when? What is the role of archaeology in the study of history? Human Development: Terms/ Concepts monotheism evolution polytheism creation story natural selection adaptation natural law Australopethicus Afarensis survival of the fittest Hominid heredity Bipedalism “Origin of Species” Laetoli Beds Chance mutation Donald Johansson Scopes Trial Charles Darwin natural pressure Mary Leaky What factors are common in many creation stories? Why is historical context important to consider when examining creation stories? Explain in detail Darwin’s theory of evolution. How did he influence our perception of the past? What are the 2 theories that explain the development of tools? Why is bipedalism so important in human development? What are the mental capabilities that humans possess? What advantages do humans have over all other animals? Why was the discovery/ control of fire significant? Compare Neanderthals and Humans in terms of physical features and technology. What are the theories about the disappearance of Neanderthals? Explain the characteristics of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic ages. Using at 3 hominid species, explain the development of tools. What are the three metal ages? Why are they significant? Mesopotamia: Terms/ Concepts Age of Metals Agricultural Revolution Akkad/ Akkadians Assyria Babylonia Catal Huyuk Chaldeans City-state “Cradle of Civilization” Cubit Cuneiform Divination Edubba Homo habilis Homo erectus Homo sapiens sapiens Paleolithic Mesolithic Neolithic Lithos Cro-magnon Cultural epoch Epic of Gilgamesh Euphrates Fertile Crescent Hammurabi Hittites Irrigation Jericho Jordan “Land Between the Rivers” Levee Mesopotamia Neolithic Revolution Nomadic/ sedentary Pictogram Polytheistic Sargon I Scribe Seed plow Shaduf Stylus Sumer The Epic of Gilgamesh Standard of Ur Tigris Ziggurat The Great Leap Forward- What does this mean? Why was there a shift from hunting and gathering to farming? Map work- see map of Ancient Mesopotamia in your binder The impact of geography upon the Mesopotamians Reasons why early farmers settled in river valleys Fertile Crescent/ Cradle of Civilization Pros and cons of the Neolithic Revolution (Agricultural Revolution) refer to article “The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race?” Explain the 3 levels of industry as applied to the development of villages, towns and cities. Feature of a civilization (6) Examples of first cities (ie: Jordan, Jericho) Sumerian Accomplishments Explain the social structure/ hierarchy in Mesopotamian civilizations Explain the role and significance of scribes in Mesopotamia Timeline of various rulers/dominant groups in Mesopotamia Hammurabi’s laws/ Analysis of laws Babylonian Society and Accomplishments Ancient Egypt: Terms/ Concepts Akhenaton Ank Anthropomorphic Ba Djoser Hatshepsut Imhotep Jean Francois Champollion Ka Khufu Sneferu The Empire Age The Hyksos The pyramid age The Rosetta Stone The Sphinx Thutmose II Thutmose III Tutankhamen The Gift of the Nile- explain this concept clearly with good examples The importance of geography The three seasons in Ancient Egypt based upon the Nile The Ages of Egyptian history Egyptian social structure: 3 powers of governing/ structure of government Pyramids- all types we covered and who built them How was a pyramid built? Daily life in Egypt (Status of women, Children, Marriage, Soldier, Scribe) General beliefs about gods The importance of the afterlife Role of priests Process of mummification Hieroglyphics: 4 stages of writing Art: conventions Science :Math, Medicine, Astronomy, Time Ancient Greece: Terms /Concepts Achaean Greeks Acropolis Persians’ Agamemnon Darius Democracy Heinrich Schliemann King Minos Ma’at Mastaba Menes/ Narmer Middle Kingdom monotheism New Kingdom Old Kingdom Pharaoh Ramses II Scribe Knossos Linear A & B Minoan Minotaur Mycenae Oligarchy Ostracism Peloponnesus Polis/ city states The Trojan horse Trojan War Xerxes Geography and its impact on the Greeks Minoans (geography, origins, trade, mythology, palaces, writing, art, activities, invasion) Mycenaeans (Troy, culture, origins, Dark Ages (migration, loss of writing etc.) Homer (Iliad, Odyssey, Homeric Age, heroes and history) Life in Athens/ Sparta ( education, government, trade, slavery, childhood, status of women. Citizenship) Persian Wars (causes and effects) Peloponnesian War(causes and effects)