Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Post-glacial rebound wikipedia , lookup
Geomagnetic reversal wikipedia , lookup
Geochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Age of the Earth wikipedia , lookup
History of geology wikipedia , lookup
History of geomagnetism wikipedia , lookup
Algoman orogeny wikipedia , lookup
GEOL 100 – Fall 2007 Dr. Erik Bender Quiz #2 This quiz covers chapters 4 and 5 in your text and is due on a scantron, to me or in my mailbox, by Friday, September 21, 2007 at 11 pm. No exceptions ! 1. Fragments of unmelted rocks that are sometimes incorporated in magma are known as _______. a. iron meteorites b. kimberlites c. xenoliths d. volcanic bombs e. tsunamis 2. Diamonds are incorporated in rocks called _______ that come deep from within the Earth. a. seismic gaps b. xenoliths c. tsunamis d. meteorites e. kimberlites 3. The _______ is the part of the Earth's interior where rocks start to melt. a. asthenosphere b. outer core c. crust d. inner core e. lithosphere 4. The boundary that separates the crust from the mantle is known as the _______ Discontinuity. a. Mercalli b. Oldham c. Richter d. Mohorovicic e. Wegener 5. The _______ is the Earth's rocky, outermost layer. a. lithosphere b. asthenosphere c. mesosphere d. Moho e. atmosphere 6. In the figure below, what layer of the Earth is the thickest? a. lithosphere b. crust c. mantle d. outer core e. inner core 7. In the figure below, what is the approximate depth of the asthenosphere? a. 150km b. 50km c. 100km d. 200km e. 1000km 8. In the figure below, what is the approximate speed of S-waves at the 670km discontinuity? a. 4km/sec b. 10km/sec c. 2km/sec d. 6km/sec e. 8km/sec 9. The Earth's density as a whole is approximately 2.8 g/cm3. a. True b. False 10. The core causes a huge decrease in the speed of P-waves. a. False b. True 11. The deepest hole ever drilled in the planet is located in South Africa. a. False b. True 12. The crust below the oceans averages a thickness of 8km. a. True b. False 13. The area from the base of the asthenosphere to the mantle-core boundary is known as the lithosphere. a. True b. False 14. P-waves travel by compression-expansion. a. True b. False 15. The outer core starts at a depth of approximately 3500km. a. False b. True 16. The mantle makes up roughly 80% of the Earth's volume. a. True b. False 17. Primary waves can travel approximately 6km/sec, or 14,000mph. a. False b. True 18. The S-wave shadow zone is an area of the planet that does not receive any S-waves, usually opposite the origin of the earthquake. a. True b. False 19. Most diamonds are transported to the surface in kimberlite pipes from the outer core. a. True b. False 20. Iron meteorites, stony-iron meteorites, and stony meteorites have roughly the same composition as our planet. a. False b. True 21. When olivine is squeezed to pressures equal to that at depths of several hundred kilometers, polymorphs of olivine form. a. True b. False 22. The crust is thicker under the oceans than it is under the continents. a. False b. True 23. The idea proposed by Alfred Wegener to explain the continental shapes and positions is known as _____. a. sea floor spreading b. Pangaea c. continental drift d. plate tectonics e. rift valley 24. In the diagram below, which two are the best examples of different continental positions in the past? a. North America – Africa b. North America – South America c. South America – Africa d. South America – Asia e. Europe – North America 25.According to Wegener's model, what evidence did glaciers leave for the existence of Pangaea? a. ice b. glacial lakes c. fossils d. soil deposits e. striations 26.What was the name of the floral fossils Wegener used for the idea of continental drift? a. trilobites b. oak c. Pseudoschwagerina d. Mesosaurs e. Glossopteris 27.In the figure below, what is the approximate age of the sea floor off the north coast of Spain? a. 9.6 – 33.0 million years b. older than 141.9 million years c. younger than 9.6 million years d. 33.0 – 83.0 million years e. 83.0 – 141.9 million years 28.Which of the following terms best describes the rocky outer layer of the Earth? a. athenosphere b. biosphere c. lithosphere d. hydrosphere e. atmosphere 29.What is the depth of the newly forming Hawaiian island, Loihi? a. it is at the surface b. about 1000m c. about 2000m d. about 4000m e. about 3000m 30.According to the figure below, which of the following types of plate boundaries produce the deepest earthquakes? a. transform fault boundary b. all the same c. divergent boundary d. continental collision boundary e. subduction zone boundary 31.According to the figure below, which of the following types of plate boundaries produce the shallowest earthquakes? a. subduction zone boundary b. all the same c. transform fault boundary d. continental collision boundary e. divergent boundary 32.What term best describes the driving force behind plate tectonics? a. divergence b. convection c. transformation d. expansion e. convergence 33.In the figure below, how many magnetic reversals occurred between 2.0 and 1.5 million years ago? a. 3 b. 4 c. 0 d. 2 e. 1 34.In the figure below, how many magnetic reversals occurred between 1.5 million years and present? a. 0 b. 1 c. 4 d. 2 e. 3 35.Which of the following locations is the best example of oceanic crust colliding with oceanic crust? a. Himalayas b. Iceland c. Aleutian Islands d. Hawaii e. Java 36.According to the diagram below, which of the following plates is all oceanic crust? a. Eurasian b. North America c. South America d. Africa e. Nasca 37.According to the diagram below, which of the following is the largest plate? a. Eurasian b. Nasca c. Pacific d. Africa e. South America 38. The plates 'floating' on the asthenosphere is a condition called _____, which is similar to wood floating on water. a. sea floor spreading b. convergence c. isostasy d. polarity e. conduction 39.The phenomenon of the Earth's magnetic pole being in different locations in the past is known as _______. a. apparent polar wandering b. reverse polarity c. convection d. sea floor spreading e. normal polarity 40.According to the figure below, most of eastern Brazil is approximately how old? a. older than 500 million years b. about 550 million years c. younger than 550 million years d. older than 1 billion e. none of the above 41.According to the figure below, the island of Molokai was probably over the hot spot approximately how many million years ago? a. 3.2 b. 0.8 c. 2.9 d. 1.0 e. 1.30 42.Pangaea is the name of the supercontinent proposed by Harry Hess. a. True b. False 43.The Hawaiian Islands are a result of the Pacific Plate passing over a hot spot. a. False b. True 44.South America and Africa are the example that Wegener used for continental fit. a. True b. False 45.As rocks cool, they become denser and sink. a. False b. True 46.Paleomagnetic data provides evidence for the geographic position of continents in the past. a. False b. True 47.The Andes Mountains are a good example of oceanic–oceanic collision. a. True b. False 48.The area of the Earth's interior where rocks start to melt is known as the asthenosphere. a. True b. False 49.Rocks closer to the spreading centers in the oceans are older than the rocks farther away from the spreading center. a. False b. True 50.Global positioning systems (GPS) are a reliable way to measure plate movements. a. True b. False 51.The Himalayas are a good example of oceanic–continental collision. a. True b. False 52.The Red Sea and East Africa are good examples of divergent plate boundaries. a. True b. False 53.Obduction is the process where one plate slides under another. a. False b. True 54.Wegener used glacial striations to help build the theory of plate tectonincs. a. True b. False 55.The Mid-Ocean Ridge is the deepest part of the Atlantic Ocean. a. True b. False 56.In the northern part of Pangaea, mountain ranges tend to match up in North America and Europe. a. True b. False 57.The magnetic stripes on the opposite sides of the central rift valley are mirror images, therefore good for age dating. a. True b. False 58.“Black smokers” are chimneys on the sea floor that release superheated gases. a. False b. True 59.According to Wegener's work, Glossopteris thrived in a warm environment. a. False b. True 60.Theories are able to be proved with scientific evidence. a. False b. True