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Evolution & Diversity Section Two Exam 1. Biofilms are organized aggregates of bacteria that may: A. B. C. D. E. 2. Bacterial biofilms are important medically because: A. B. C. D. E. 3. Ribosome Endospore Plasmid Nucleus Nucleoid The structure that assembles proteins in the Bacteria and/or Archaea is the: A. B. C. D. E. 9. Thermophile Acidophile Halophile Basophile None of the above are correct Genetic material that is separate and apart from the chromosome in a Bacteria and/or Archaea is a: A. B. C. D. E. 8. Thermophile Acidophile Halophile Basophile None of the above are correct A Bacteria and/or Archaea that occupies a habitat that is characterized by extreme heat (above 50 degrees Celsius) is a(an): A. B. C. D. E. 7. Thermophile Acidophile Halophile Basophile None of the above are correct A Bacteria and/or Archaea that occupies a habitat that is extremely salty is a(an): A. B. C. D. E. 6. Ice High in the atmosphere in clouds Thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean Animal intestines All the above are correct A Bacterium and/or Archaea that occupies a habitat consisting of a low pH is a(an): A. B. C. D. E. 5. They may form on catheters They are often resistant to treatment with antibiotics They can form dental plaque They are often resistant to immune defenses All of the above are correct Bacteria and/or Archaea can live in: A. B. C. D. E. 4. Protect one another Communicate through chemical signals with one another Form differentiated structures with specialized functions Form when bacteria settle and reproduce on a solid surface All of the above are correct Plasmid Cell membrane Endospore Ribosome Lysosome The fluid filled area of a Bacterial and/or Archaeal cell enclosed by the cell membrane is the: A. B. C. D. E. Ribosome Nucleus Cytoplasm Endospore Plasmid 1 10. The rigid barrier that surrounds most Bacteria and/or Archaea is the: A. B. C. D. E. 11. The primary component making up the cell walls of Bacteria is: A. B. C. D. E. 12. Is probably the best understood bacterium Has been used extensively in the laboratory for genetic engineering Can transfer its genetic material to another E. coli cell All of the above are correct None of the above are correct The asexual process in Bacteria and Archaea whereby replicated genetic material and cell components are distributed into two cells is: A. B. C. D. E. 18. Stomach ulcers Anthrax Cholera Botulism Tetanus Escherichia coli: A. B. C. D. E. 17. Endospores Plasmids Pili Ribosomes Flagella Some members of the genus Helicobacter can cause ___________ if stomach and/or immune conditions get ‘out of whack’: A. B. C. D. E. 16. Attachment pilus Flagellum Endospore Cilium Glycocalyx Dormant thick-walled structures that aid in allowing some bacteria to survive harsh conditions are: A. B. C. D. E. 15. Flagella Endospores Attachment pili Sex pili Cilia The structure that aids in locomotion of some bacteria is a(an): A. B. C. D. E. 14. Peptidoglycan Glucose A complex lipid Sucrose Glycerol The structures of Bacteria that are used to transfer genetic material from one cell to another are: A. B. C. D. E. 13. Cell membrane Cell wall Flagellum Glycocalyx Cytoplasm Mitosis Binary fusion Binary fission Daughter cell duplication Conjugation A type of horizontal gene transfer in Bacteria and/or Archaea in which a cell takes up naked genetic material without cell to cell contact is: A. B. C. D. E. Conjugation Transformation Replication Transduction Fixation 2 19. A type of horizontal gene transfer in Bacteria and/or Archaea in which a cell receives genetic material from another cell through sex pili is: A. B. C. D. E. 20. A type of horizontal gene transfer in Bacteria and/or Archaea in which a cell receives bacterial genetic material from a bacteriophage is: A. B. C. D. E. 21. Star shaped, cubical, and spherical Spherical, rod shaped and, spiral Cubical, spiral, and thread like Rod shaped, star shaped, and cubical None of the above are correct Bacteria and Archaea have: A. B. C. D. E. 27. Fever Decreased appetite and nausea Swollen lymph nodes Generalized pain All the above are correct The three most common shapes of bacteria are: A. B. C. D. E. 26. Insect and/or arachnid bites Sexual activity Ingestion of food or water Inhalation All of the above are correct Characteristic signs and symptoms of bacterial infection include: A. B. C. D. E. 25. Penis and vagina Urinary bladder Large intestine Mouth Skin Different ways by which bacteria might enter the body to cause disease include: A. B. C. D. E. 24. All in the same kingdom of life, the Prokaryotes, sometimes called the Monera All basically the same with little variety of metabolism or lifestyle Not a phylogenetically cohesive group Multicellular organisms with nuclei None of the above are correct A part(s) of the human body that normally remains sterile is(are) the: A. B. C. D. E. 23. Conjugation Transformation Replication Transduction Fixation Bacteria and Archaea are: A. B. C. D. E. 22. Conjugation Transformation Replication Transduction Fixation Only around 500 species Their genetic material contained in a nucleus Ancestors that trace back to the first life on earth No capability to photosynthesize All of the above are correct Bacterial genomes consist of: A. B. C. D. E. Several discrete linear DNA chromosomes A single circular DNA chromosome and, perhaps, one or more smaller plasmids Several discrete linear RNA chromosomes A single circular RNA chromosome and, perhaps, one or more smaller plasmids None of the above are correct 3 28. The original organisms on earth capable of producing oxygen through photosynthesis were: A. B. C. D. E. 29. A The Endosymbiotic Theory asserts that mitochondria were originally: A. B. C. D. E. 30. Is strictly sorted phylogenetically Can never utilize inorganic carbon sources Can never utilize inorganic energy sources Is incredibly varied None of the above are correct All Bacteria and Archaea require this for metabolism: A. B. C. D. E. 36. Glycocalyx Cell membrane Cell wall Endospore Lysosome Bacterial and/or Archaeal metabolism: A. B. C. D. E. 35. Detoxifying genes Antibiotic resistance genes Sex factor fertility genes All of the above are correct None of the above are correct A structure in some Bacteria, also known as the capsule, that is a sticky, slimy protective layer is called the: A. B. C. D. E. 34 Lack a cell membrane Lack membrane-bound organelles Lack ribosomes All of the above are correct None of the above are correct Plasmids often code for: A. B. C. D. E. 83. Archaeal cells Eukaryotic cells Aerobic Bacterial cells Anaerobic Bacterial cells Photosynthetic Bacterial cells All Bacteria and Archaea: A. B. C. D. E. 32. Archaeal cells Eukaryotic cells Aerobic Bacterial cells Anaerobic Bacterial cells Photosynthetic Bacterial cells The Endosymbiotic Theory asserts that chloroplasts were originally: A. B. C. D. E. 31. Primitive moss and fern-like plants Cyanobacteria-like Bacteria Phytoplankton algae Chloroplasts None of the above are correct Water Oxygen Carbon dioxide Sunlight None of the above are correct Traditional Bacterial and Archaeal taxonomy is: A. B. C. D. E. Based on microscopic appearance Based on metabolic requirements Not phylogenetically accurate All of the above are correct None of the above are correct 4 37. More modern Bacterial and Archaeal taxonomic methodology relies on: A. B. C. D. E. 38. Carl Woese: A. B. C. D. E. 39. Nothing to do with global climate A vital role in the nitrogen cycle on Earth No potential in bioremediation All of the above are correct None of the above are correct A aquatic microbial mat: A. B. C. D. E. 45. Always cause disease Constitute an insignificant portion of our fecal material Constitute around half the weight of our fecal material Are only a few species Encourage the growth of more harmful species Bacteria and/or Archaea have: A. B. C. D. E. 44. Surveyed the microbial life of many soils on an around-the-world cruise Found many Bacteria and Archaea that had never before been identified Had nothing to do with sequencing the human genome All of the above are correct None of the above are correct Bacteria and/or Archaea in the human large intestine: A. B. C. D. E. 43. An insignificant amount of the Earth’s carbon is in Bacteria and Archaea There are way more humans on Earth than Bacteria and/or Archaea Less than 1% of Bacteria and Archaea can be cultured in the laboratory All of the above are true None of the above are true Craig Venter: A. B. C. D. E. 42. Cell wall composition Cell membrane composition Ribosomal RNA sequence composition All of the above are correct None of the above are correct Pick the true statement: A. B. C. D. E. 41. Was the first person to realize that Archaea were not Bacteria Used complete genomes in his original analysis Had his conclusions immediately accepted All of the above are correct None of the above are correct Differences between Archaea and Bacteria include: A. B. C. D. E. 40. The molecular methods of sequence analysis Ribosomal RNA sequence analysis Complete genome sequence analysis All of the above are correct None of the above are correct Has the same organismal composition throughout Has the same oxygen levels throughout Usually contains Cyanobacteria All of the above are correct None of the above are correct Bacterial and Archaeal 16S rRNA molecules are: A. B. C. D. E. Worthless as a phylogenetic marker The original molecule Carl Woese used in his ground-breaking research A linear molecule used to transfer genetic information to the ribosome Entirely unique to Bacteria and Archaea and have no Eukaryotic homologue None of the above are correct 5 46. Bacteria have __________ phyla (or what could be considered kingdoms) than(as) Archaea: A. B. C. D. E. 47. According to most molecular phylogenetic studies: A. B. C. D. E. 48. Is a byproduct of Archaea metabolism Contributes to global warming Is the same as “swamp gas” Is created during the digestion of cellulose All of the above are correct A photoautotrophic Bacteria is one that requires: A. B. C. D. E. 54. A thermophilic Archaea A thermophilic Bacteria A psychrophilic Archaea A psychrophilic Bacteria None of the above are correct The methane gas released by ruminants (e.g. cows): A. B. C. D. E. 53. Live in very hot conditions Live in temperate conditions Live in very cold conditions Have no temperature preference None of the above are correct The original source of the heat stable DNA polymerase (Taq) required for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was: A. B. C. D. E. 52. All members of that particular phylum will cause disease No other members of that particular phylum will cause disease Other members of that particular phylum may or may not cause disease The other members will be decomposers None of the above are correct Most of the Bacterial phyla (kingdoms) closest to the root of the “Tree of Life”: A. B. C. D. E. 51. Extremophiles Methanogens Found in animal intestines All of the above are correct None of the above are correct If one member of a Bacteria phylum (kingdom) causes disease: A. B. C. D. E. 50. All Bacteria are a single clade All Archaea are a single clade Archaea are more closely related to Eukaryotes than Bacteria are All of the above are correct None of the above are correct All Archaea are: A. B. C. D. E. 49. About the same number of Many more Many less A few less None of the above are correct Organic compounds to survive Darkness to survive Sunlight and carbon dioxide to survive Oxygen to survive None of the above are correct Enteric Bacteria: A. B. C. D. E. All cause disease Are all aerobic Can never swap genes Live in animals’ large intestine None of the above are correct 6 55. The Gram positive or negative stain reaction always: A. B. C. D. E. 56. The very first cellular organism that evolved on the Earth must have been a(n): A. B. C. D. E. 57. Cause disease in humans Are essential to life on earth Are too small to see with anything but an electron microscope Live all by themselves rather than as a community with other types of life Came from outer space Some of the Bacteria that cause disease create the symptoms we experience: A. B. C. D. E. 63. A bacteria that lives in human mouths A virus that attacks animal cells A virus that attacks plant cells A virus that attacks bacteria cells None of the above are correct By far most Bacteria: A. B. C. D. E. 62. Only occurs between the same species Always requires sex pili Is used in the laboratory for ‘genetic engineering’ Has never naturally occurred between Bacteria and Eukaryotes None of the above are correct A bacteriophage is : A. B. C. D. E. 61. It’s only a one-way exchange There’s no gametes There’s no fertilization All of the above are correct None of the above are correct The exchange of genetic material between bacteria: A. B. C. D. E. 60. Require sunlight Require glucose or some other sugar Require carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide or methane Have nothing to do with the food chain of the local ecosystem None of the above Your textbook author doesn’t consider bacterial sex to be “true sex” because: A. B. C. D. E. 59. Eukaryote Psychrophile Slime mold Plant None of the above are correct Hydrothermal vent Bacteria and/or Archaea: A. B. C. D. E. 58. Sorts Bactera into proper phylogenetic groupings Is based on Bacterial cell wall composition Is never medically relevant All of the above are correct None of the above are correct Through the live bacterial secretion of exotoxins Through the live bacterial secretion of endotoxins Through the live bacterial secretion of antibodies Through the live bacterial secretion of histamines All of the above are correct Periodontal disease and tooth decay are caused: A. B. C. D. E. By the effect of a bacterial biofilm Solely by sugar Solely by the acids in fruit juices, sodas, teas, and coffees All of the above are correct None of the above are correct 7 64. Escherichia coli bacteria: A. B. C. D. E. 65. Sufficiently high temperatures __________, and sufficiently cold temperatures __________, most pathogenic bacteria: A. B. C. D. E. 66. Converts ammonia to nitrogen gas Occurs in legume plant root nodules Is an example of parasitism All of the above are correct None of the above are correct Bacterial and/or Archaeal nitrate reduction (denitrification) is important in: A. B. C. D. E. 72. Play no role in nitrogen fixation Have nothing to do with oxygen production Never have anything to do with sulfur or iron All of the above are correct None of the above are correct Nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium: A. B. C. D. E. 71. Can not be caused by the transfer of Enteric bacteria from the large intestine Must always be treated with prescription antibiotics Can sometimes be cleared up with cranberry juice All of the above are correct None of the above are correct Bacteria and/or Archaea in the environment: A. B. C. D. E. 70. Has a strain called MRSA Can cause “toxic shock syndrome” Often undergoes horizontal gene transfer All of the above are correct None of the above are correct Urinary tract infections: A. B. C. D. E. 69. You do not complete your entire antibiotic prescription regime Supplementing animal feeds with antibiotics is discontinued Viral infections are not treated with antibiotics All bacteria in your body are killed by antibiotics All of the above are correct Staphylococcus aureus, the causative agent of a ‘staph’ infection: A. B. C. D. E. 68. Induce dormancy in, kill Kill, induce dormancy in Paralyze, induce horizontal gene transfer Induce antibiotic resistance, eradicate antibiotic resistance None of the above are correct The evolution of antibiotic resistance can occur if: A. B. C. D. E. 67. Are normal constituents of human large intestine Never cause disease Has a strain called 0157:H7 that is completely harmless All of the above are correct None of the above are correct Waste water sewage treatment plants Helping to control algae blooms Converting nitrates and nitrites to nitrogen gas All of the above are correct None of the above are correct Bacteria have not be used for: A. B. C. D. E. Cleaning up oil spills Leaching metals from low grade ores Producing solvents Cleaning up radioactive waste sites Creating explosives 8 73. Symbiotic Bacteria and Archaea in your body: A. B. C. D. E. 74. Probiotics refer to: A. B. C. D. E. 75. Suppress pathogenic bacteria by competing for limited resources Have nothing to do with food digestion Have nothing to do with the production of vitamins Have nothing to do with the formation of blood vessels All of the above are correct Supplementing the normal intestinal bacteria The type of bacteria in yogurt The observation that Bulgarian peasants lived a long time All of the above are correct None of the above are correct Other examples of Bacterial and/or Archaeal symbioses besides in and on humans include: A. B. C. D. E. Squid light organs Aphid sap digestion Hydrothermal vent tube worms metabolism All of the above are correct None of the above are correct 9