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Evolution & Diversity Section Two Exam
1.
Biofilms are organized aggregates of bacteria that may:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
2.
Bacterial biofilms are important medically because:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
3.
Ribosome
Endospore
Plasmid
Nucleus
Nucleoid
The structure that assembles proteins in the Bacteria and/or Archaea is the:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
9.
Thermophile
Acidophile
Halophile
Basophile
None of the above are correct
Genetic material that is separate and apart from the chromosome in a Bacteria and/or Archaea is a:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
8.
Thermophile
Acidophile
Halophile
Basophile
None of the above are correct
A Bacteria and/or Archaea that occupies a habitat that is characterized by extreme heat (above 50 degrees Celsius) is a(an):
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
7.
Thermophile
Acidophile
Halophile
Basophile
None of the above are correct
A Bacteria and/or Archaea that occupies a habitat that is extremely salty is a(an):
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
6.
Ice
High in the atmosphere in clouds
Thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean
Animal intestines
All the above are correct
A Bacterium and/or Archaea that occupies a habitat consisting of a low pH is a(an):
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
5.
They may form on catheters
They are often resistant to treatment with antibiotics
They can form dental plaque
They are often resistant to immune defenses
All of the above are correct
Bacteria and/or Archaea can live in:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
4.
Protect one another
Communicate through chemical signals with one another
Form differentiated structures with specialized functions
Form when bacteria settle and reproduce on a solid surface
All of the above are correct
Plasmid
Cell membrane
Endospore
Ribosome
Lysosome
The fluid filled area of a Bacterial and/or Archaeal cell enclosed by the cell membrane is the:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Ribosome
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Endospore
Plasmid
1
10.
The rigid barrier that surrounds most Bacteria and/or Archaea is the:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
11.
The primary component making up the cell walls of Bacteria is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
12.
Is probably the best understood bacterium
Has been used extensively in the laboratory for genetic engineering
Can transfer its genetic material to another E. coli cell
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
The asexual process in Bacteria and Archaea whereby replicated genetic material and cell components are distributed into two cells is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
18.
Stomach ulcers
Anthrax
Cholera
Botulism
Tetanus
Escherichia coli:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
17.
Endospores
Plasmids
Pili
Ribosomes
Flagella
Some members of the genus Helicobacter can cause ___________ if stomach and/or immune conditions get ‘out of whack’:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
16.
Attachment pilus
Flagellum
Endospore
Cilium
Glycocalyx
Dormant thick-walled structures that aid in allowing some bacteria to survive harsh conditions are:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
15.
Flagella
Endospores
Attachment pili
Sex pili
Cilia
The structure that aids in locomotion of some bacteria is a(an):
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
14.
Peptidoglycan
Glucose
A complex lipid
Sucrose
Glycerol
The structures of Bacteria that are used to transfer genetic material from one cell to another are:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
13.
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Flagellum
Glycocalyx
Cytoplasm
Mitosis
Binary fusion
Binary fission
Daughter cell duplication
Conjugation
A type of horizontal gene transfer in Bacteria and/or Archaea in which a cell takes up naked genetic material without cell to cell contact is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Conjugation
Transformation
Replication
Transduction
Fixation
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19.
A type of horizontal gene transfer in Bacteria and/or Archaea in which a cell receives genetic material from another cell through sex pili is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
20.
A type of horizontal gene transfer in Bacteria and/or Archaea in which a cell receives bacterial genetic material from a bacteriophage is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
21.
Star shaped, cubical, and spherical
Spherical, rod shaped and, spiral
Cubical, spiral, and thread like
Rod shaped, star shaped, and cubical
None of the above are correct
Bacteria and Archaea have:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
27.
Fever
Decreased appetite and nausea
Swollen lymph nodes
Generalized pain
All the above are correct
The three most common shapes of bacteria are:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
26.
Insect and/or arachnid bites
Sexual activity
Ingestion of food or water
Inhalation
All of the above are correct
Characteristic signs and symptoms of bacterial infection include:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
25.
Penis and vagina
Urinary bladder
Large intestine
Mouth
Skin
Different ways by which bacteria might enter the body to cause disease include:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
24.
All in the same kingdom of life, the Prokaryotes, sometimes called the Monera
All basically the same with little variety of metabolism or lifestyle
Not a phylogenetically cohesive group
Multicellular organisms with nuclei
None of the above are correct
A part(s) of the human body that normally remains sterile is(are) the:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
23.
Conjugation
Transformation
Replication
Transduction
Fixation
Bacteria and Archaea are:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
22.
Conjugation
Transformation
Replication
Transduction
Fixation
Only around 500 species
Their genetic material contained in a nucleus
Ancestors that trace back to the first life on earth
No capability to photosynthesize
All of the above are correct
Bacterial genomes consist of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Several discrete linear DNA chromosomes
A single circular DNA chromosome and, perhaps, one or more smaller plasmids
Several discrete linear RNA chromosomes
A single circular RNA chromosome and, perhaps, one or more smaller plasmids
None of the above are correct
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28.
The original organisms on earth capable of producing oxygen through photosynthesis were:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
29.
A The Endosymbiotic Theory asserts that mitochondria were originally:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
30.
Is strictly sorted phylogenetically
Can never utilize inorganic carbon sources
Can never utilize inorganic energy sources
Is incredibly varied
None of the above are correct
All Bacteria and Archaea require this for metabolism:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
36.
Glycocalyx
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Endospore
Lysosome
Bacterial and/or Archaeal metabolism:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
35.
Detoxifying genes
Antibiotic resistance genes
Sex factor fertility genes
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
A structure in some Bacteria, also known as the capsule, that is a sticky, slimy protective layer is called the:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
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Lack a cell membrane
Lack membrane-bound organelles
Lack ribosomes
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
Plasmids often code for:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
83.
Archaeal cells
Eukaryotic cells
Aerobic Bacterial cells
Anaerobic Bacterial cells
Photosynthetic Bacterial cells
All Bacteria and Archaea:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
32.
Archaeal cells
Eukaryotic cells
Aerobic Bacterial cells
Anaerobic Bacterial cells
Photosynthetic Bacterial cells
The Endosymbiotic Theory asserts that chloroplasts were originally:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
31.
Primitive moss and fern-like plants
Cyanobacteria-like Bacteria
Phytoplankton algae
Chloroplasts
None of the above are correct
Water
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Sunlight
None of the above are correct
Traditional Bacterial and Archaeal taxonomy is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Based on microscopic appearance
Based on metabolic requirements
Not phylogenetically accurate
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
4
37.
More modern Bacterial and Archaeal taxonomic methodology relies on:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
38.
Carl Woese:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
39.
Nothing to do with global climate
A vital role in the nitrogen cycle on Earth
No potential in bioremediation
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
A aquatic microbial mat:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
45.
Always cause disease
Constitute an insignificant portion of our fecal material
Constitute around half the weight of our fecal material
Are only a few species
Encourage the growth of more harmful species
Bacteria and/or Archaea have:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
44.
Surveyed the microbial life of many soils on an around-the-world cruise
Found many Bacteria and Archaea that had never before been identified
Had nothing to do with sequencing the human genome
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
Bacteria and/or Archaea in the human large intestine:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
43.
An insignificant amount of the Earth’s carbon is in Bacteria and Archaea
There are way more humans on Earth than Bacteria and/or Archaea
Less than 1% of Bacteria and Archaea can be cultured in the laboratory
All of the above are true
None of the above are true
Craig Venter:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
42.
Cell wall composition
Cell membrane composition
Ribosomal RNA sequence composition
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
Pick the true statement:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
41.
Was the first person to realize that Archaea were not Bacteria
Used complete genomes in his original analysis
Had his conclusions immediately accepted
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
Differences between Archaea and Bacteria include:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
40.
The molecular methods of sequence analysis
Ribosomal RNA sequence analysis
Complete genome sequence analysis
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
Has the same organismal composition throughout
Has the same oxygen levels throughout
Usually contains Cyanobacteria
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
Bacterial and Archaeal 16S rRNA molecules are:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Worthless as a phylogenetic marker
The original molecule Carl Woese used in his ground-breaking research
A linear molecule used to transfer genetic information to the ribosome
Entirely unique to Bacteria and Archaea and have no Eukaryotic homologue
None of the above are correct
5
46.
Bacteria have __________ phyla (or what could be considered kingdoms) than(as) Archaea:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
47.
According to most molecular phylogenetic studies:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
48.
Is a byproduct of Archaea metabolism
Contributes to global warming
Is the same as “swamp gas”
Is created during the digestion of cellulose
All of the above are correct
A photoautotrophic Bacteria is one that requires:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
54.
A thermophilic Archaea
A thermophilic Bacteria
A psychrophilic Archaea
A psychrophilic Bacteria
None of the above are correct
The methane gas released by ruminants (e.g. cows):
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
53.
Live in very hot conditions
Live in temperate conditions
Live in very cold conditions
Have no temperature preference
None of the above are correct
The original source of the heat stable DNA polymerase (Taq) required for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
52.
All members of that particular phylum will cause disease
No other members of that particular phylum will cause disease
Other members of that particular phylum may or may not cause disease
The other members will be decomposers
None of the above are correct
Most of the Bacterial phyla (kingdoms) closest to the root of the “Tree of Life”:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
51.
Extremophiles
Methanogens
Found in animal intestines
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
If one member of a Bacteria phylum (kingdom) causes disease:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
50.
All Bacteria are a single clade
All Archaea are a single clade
Archaea are more closely related to Eukaryotes than Bacteria are
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
All Archaea are:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
49.
About the same number of
Many more
Many less
A few less
None of the above are correct
Organic compounds to survive
Darkness to survive
Sunlight and carbon dioxide to survive
Oxygen to survive
None of the above are correct
Enteric Bacteria:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
All cause disease
Are all aerobic
Can never swap genes
Live in animals’ large intestine
None of the above are correct
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55.
The Gram positive or negative stain reaction always:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
56.
The very first cellular organism that evolved on the Earth must have been a(n):
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
57.
Cause disease in humans
Are essential to life on earth
Are too small to see with anything but an electron microscope
Live all by themselves rather than as a community with other types of life
Came from outer space
Some of the Bacteria that cause disease create the symptoms we experience:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
63.
A bacteria that lives in human mouths
A virus that attacks animal cells
A virus that attacks plant cells
A virus that attacks bacteria cells
None of the above are correct
By far most Bacteria:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
62.
Only occurs between the same species
Always requires sex pili
Is used in the laboratory for ‘genetic engineering’
Has never naturally occurred between Bacteria and Eukaryotes
None of the above are correct
A bacteriophage is :
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
61.
It’s only a one-way exchange
There’s no gametes
There’s no fertilization
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
The exchange of genetic material between bacteria:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
60.
Require sunlight
Require glucose or some other sugar
Require carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide or methane
Have nothing to do with the food chain of the local ecosystem
None of the above
Your textbook author doesn’t consider bacterial sex to be “true sex” because:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
59.
Eukaryote
Psychrophile
Slime mold
Plant
None of the above are correct
Hydrothermal vent Bacteria and/or Archaea:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
58.
Sorts Bactera into proper phylogenetic groupings
Is based on Bacterial cell wall composition
Is never medically relevant
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
Through the live bacterial secretion of exotoxins
Through the live bacterial secretion of endotoxins
Through the live bacterial secretion of antibodies
Through the live bacterial secretion of histamines
All of the above are correct
Periodontal disease and tooth decay are caused:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
By the effect of a bacterial biofilm
Solely by sugar
Solely by the acids in fruit juices, sodas, teas, and coffees
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
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64.
Escherichia coli bacteria:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
65.
Sufficiently high temperatures __________, and sufficiently cold temperatures __________, most pathogenic bacteria:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
66.
Converts ammonia to nitrogen gas
Occurs in legume plant root nodules
Is an example of parasitism
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
Bacterial and/or Archaeal nitrate reduction (denitrification) is important in:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
72.
Play no role in nitrogen fixation
Have nothing to do with oxygen production
Never have anything to do with sulfur or iron
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
Nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
71.
Can not be caused by the transfer of Enteric bacteria from the large intestine
Must always be treated with prescription antibiotics
Can sometimes be cleared up with cranberry juice
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
Bacteria and/or Archaea in the environment:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
70.
Has a strain called MRSA
Can cause “toxic shock syndrome”
Often undergoes horizontal gene transfer
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
Urinary tract infections:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
69.
You do not complete your entire antibiotic prescription regime
Supplementing animal feeds with antibiotics is discontinued
Viral infections are not treated with antibiotics
All bacteria in your body are killed by antibiotics
All of the above are correct
Staphylococcus aureus, the causative agent of a ‘staph’ infection:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
68.
Induce dormancy in, kill
Kill, induce dormancy in
Paralyze, induce horizontal gene transfer
Induce antibiotic resistance, eradicate antibiotic resistance
None of the above are correct
The evolution of antibiotic resistance can occur if:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
67.
Are normal constituents of human large intestine
Never cause disease
Has a strain called 0157:H7 that is completely harmless
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
Waste water sewage treatment plants
Helping to control algae blooms
Converting nitrates and nitrites to nitrogen gas
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
Bacteria have not be used for:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Cleaning up oil spills
Leaching metals from low grade ores
Producing solvents
Cleaning up radioactive waste sites
Creating explosives
8
73.
Symbiotic Bacteria and Archaea in your body:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
74.
Probiotics refer to:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
75.
Suppress pathogenic bacteria by competing for limited resources
Have nothing to do with food digestion
Have nothing to do with the production of vitamins
Have nothing to do with the formation of blood vessels
All of the above are correct
Supplementing the normal intestinal bacteria
The type of bacteria in yogurt
The observation that Bulgarian peasants lived a long time
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
Other examples of Bacterial and/or Archaeal symbioses besides in and on humans include:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Squid light organs
Aphid sap digestion
Hydrothermal vent tube worms metabolism
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
9