Download Grammar Notes Nouns I. Common Noun A. Person, place, thing or

Grammar Notes
Nouns
I. Common Noun
A. Person, place, thing or idea
B. Examples: dog, chair, loyalty, child, city
II. Proper Noun
A. Specific person, place, thing, or idea
B. Examples: Susan, Mt. Morris, Statue of Liberty
III. Making Nouns Plural
A. Most nouns add -s.
chair - chairs; book - books
B. If the singular ends in s, sh, ch, x, or z, add -es.
church - churches; box - boxes; boss - bosses
C. If the singular ends in o, add -s. (There are
exceptions; tomato - tomatoes!)
radio - radios; piano - pianos
D. If the singular noun ends in y preceded by a
consonant, change the y to i and add -es.
party - parties; country - countries
E. If the singular noun ends in y preceded by a
vowel, just add -s.
day - days; key - keys
F. For most nouns ending in f, add -s. (Some nouns
ending in f or fe change the f to v and add -es or -s.)
calf - calves; chief - chiefs; leaf - leaves
G. Some nouns stay the same.
deer; moose; elk; fish
H. Some nouns change completely.
child - children; mouse - mice; goose - geese
Grammar Notes
IV. Making Nouns Possessive (to show ownership)
A. To make singular nouns possessive, add an
apostrophe and an s. (‘s)
the paws of the cat = the cat’s paws the coat of
the child = the child’s coat
B. To make plural nouns possessive:
1. Add an apostrophe if the plural noun ends in s.
the collars of the five cats = the five cats’ collars
2. Add an apostrophe and an s if the plural noun
does not end in s.
the coats of the four children = the four children’s
coats
V. Nouns as Subjects
A. State who or what the sentence is about
B. Cannot be removed from sentence
C. Usually found at the beginning of the sentence
VI. Nouns as Direct Objects
A. Receive the action of the verb
B. Answer: Who? or What?
C. Only follow action verbs
John bought a car. Car is the direct object.
VII. Nouns as Indirect Objects
A. Located between the action verb and direct
object
B. Answer: To what? For what? To whom? For
whom?
John bought Sue flowers. Sue is the indirect object.
Pronouns
(words that take the place of nouns and other pronouns)
I. Personal Pronouns - pronouns that take the place of people or things. Can be:
First person - I, me, we, our, ...
Second person - you, your,...
Third person - he, him, she, they,...
Masculine - he,...
Feminine - she,...
Singular - (1) - him, me, she,...
Plural - (more than one) - they, we,...
Neuter - it, its
II. Compound Personal Pronouns - personal pronouns with -self or -selves added.
A. Can’t be used in place of personal pronouns.
B. Use only when the word it refers to is in the same sentence.
C. Examples: myself, yourself, itself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves.
III. Indefinite Pronouns
A. Do not refer to specific people or things
B. Singular indefinite pronouns: another, anybody, anyone, anything, each, either,
everybody, everyone, everything, neither, nobody, no one, one, somebody, someone
C. Plural indefinite pronouns: both, many, few, several
D. Singular or plural: all, some, any, none
IV. Demonstrative Pronouns
A. Singular: this, that
B. Plural: these, those
V. Interrogative Pronouns
A. Who (Subject)
B. Whose (Possessive)
C. Whom (Object)
D. What
E. Which
VI. Subject, Object, and Possessive Pronouns
A. Subject pronouns
1. Take the place of nouns used subjects or found after linking verbs. (predicate nouns)
2. Rename or refer to the subject of the sentence.
3. I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
B. Object pronouns
1. Act as direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of the preposition.
2. Me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
C. Possessive pronouns
1. Used to show ownership or belonging.
2. NOT made with apostrophes!
3. My, mine, your, his, her, hers, its, our, ours, yours, their, theirs
Name:________________________________
I. Common Noun
A. ____________, place, thing or ________________
B. Examples: ____________,__________,____________
II. ________________________ Noun
A. __________________ person, place, thing, or idea
B. Examples: _______________, Mt. Morris, Statue of
Liberty,______________________________
III. Making Nouns Plural
A. Most nouns add -s.
chair - __________________; book - ___________________
B. If the singular ends in s, _____, ch, x, or z, add __________.
church - ____________________; box - ________________; boss _______________________________
C. If the singular ends in o, add _______. (There are exceptions; tomato
- __________________________)
radio - __________________; piano - ____________________
D. If the singular noun ends in y preceded by a consonant,
___________________________________________________.
party - ________________; country - ____________________
E. If the singular noun ends in y preceded by a vowel,
__________________________________.
day - ____________________; key - _____________________
F. For most nouns ending in f, add ________. (Some nouns ending in f or
fe change the f to ______ and add ________ or -s.)
calf - _____________; chief - ___________; leaf - __________
G. Some nouns stay the same.
______________; _______________; ___________________ H. Some
nouns change completely.
child - ___________________; mouse - ________________; goose __________________________