Download 3rd Period Review Chart

APUSH Final Review
Politics
1492-1754
- Civic humanism: ideology that
celebrated public virtue and state
service
- New moneyed elite joined with
monarchs in Asia to lay the
foundation for nation-states in
Europe.
- After Spanish Conquistadors,
Spanish government quickly
created an elaborate bureaucratic
empire.
- England became primary
Protestant challenger to Spanish
power.
- England and Spain power
struggle, so the England started
gaining more control over the
colonies.
- Treaty of Tordesillas: divides
Spanish and Portuguese claims in
Western Hemisphere
- Spain and Portugal take lead
roles in exploring New World
- Spain implements encomieda in
Haiti
- New England Settlers took land
away from Indians
- House of Burgesses established
in Virginia as first representative
government in New World
- Mayflower Compact drawn,
establishing Plymouth Plantation
colony as “civic body politic”
- Navigation Acts
- Restoration of the monarchy in
1660
- Proprietorships
- Witchcraft trials in Salem
- Bacon’s Rebellion
- Black Code
- Shift of power from wealthy to
the colonial assemblies
- British Whigs in the House of
Commons
1754-1789
- Men dominant
- Landed gentry
- First Continental Congress:
response to the Intolerable Acts
- Shay’s Rebellion: farmers protesting
debts; got people worried about
federal government
- Albany Plan of Union: intercolonial
congress sent to Albany by British
Government
- Committeees of Correspondence:
organizations formed by Smauel
Adams to oppose British policy
- Proclamation of 1763: London
government prohibited settlement of
newly acquired land beyond
Appalachians
- land conflicts over land rights: arose
from landed gentry’s attempt to
enforce long-dormant proprietary
rights over tenants and squatters.
- Northwest Ordinance of 1787:
stated the new lands acquired after
America’s Independence would be
relinquished to the central gov and
used to form new states
- Stronger enforcement of Navigation
Acts after the Great War
- British governmental bureaucracy
grew larger
- Sugar Act
- Stamp Act
- President’s Cabinet: used to cover
different areas of government
Treaty of Paris: founding treaty of
America; officially recognized the
colonies of America as their own
country
- “Taxation without representation”
- Quartering Act: forced certain
American colonies to provide food
and shelter for British troops, led up
to Revolutionary War
- New taxes were levied on paper,
paint, glass, and tea.
- protests led to the repeal of the
Stamp Act
- Boston Tea Party
- Federalist Papers: support
1789-1815
-George Washington (1st President)
-Alexander Hamilton
-Whiskey tax
-Bill of Rights
-Judiciary Act of 1789
-Supreme Court
-First Bank of the U.S
-Washington D.C.
-John Adams (2nd)
-XYZ affair
-Alien and Sedition Acts
-Thomas Jefferson (3rd)
-Louisiana Purchase
-James Madison (4th)
-War of 1812
1815-1850
-Era of Good Feelings
-James Monroe (5th)
-Monroe Doctrine
-Nationalism
John Quincy Adams (6th)
Andrew Jackson (7th)
-Industrial Revolution
-Universal Male Suffrage
-Indian Removal act
-Nullification Crisis
-Second Bank of the U.S
Martin van Buren (8th)
-Republican Motherhood
-William Harrison (9th)
-John Tyler (10th)
-Annex Texas
-James Polk (11th)
Mexican-American War
1850-1877
federalism, central government, and
ultimately the ratification of the
Constitution
- Continental Congress: a new allcolony assembly
- Tea Act
- Sedition Act: anyone who opposed
U.S. government would be punished;
Federalist attack on Jefferson
- Coercive Acts, intended to make
Boston pay for its tea party; bring
MA into line as example to other
colonies
Salutary Neglect – British policy
declaring restriction of parliament
power over colonist
- divided Second Continental
Congress organized a Continental
army
- Bill of Rights: James Madison
created to protect people of America
- Continental Congress declares
independence in 1776
- Articles of Confederation: renewed
the Congress and America; precursor
to Constitution
- Declaratory Act: response to
parliamentary repeal of Stamp Act
Intolerable (Coercive) Acts: Laws
passed by British Parliament response
to Boston Tea Party
- First continental Congress:
convention of delegates from British
north American
- Sons of Liberty: took law into their
own hands
- Policy of no taxation after the war
- Townshend Acts: made distinction
between internal and external taxes;
consisted of indirect customs duty
payable at American ports
- Alliance with the French
Economy
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Fur trade
Slave Trade
Crops
o Fishing
o Sugar
o Plantations
o Tobacco
o Rice
o Indigo
ALEXANDER HAMILTON
-Federalist
- 1st sec. of treasury
- Assumption of state debts
- U.S. Mint
- 1st national bank
- protective tarrif
- Whiskey tax leads to whiskey
rebellion
- Gold rush
- Manifest destiny
- Lowell Towns
- rise
ANDREW JACKSON
- Didn’t renew 1st
National bank
- Created 2nd national bank
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Charter companies
Self-sufficient farms
English came to search for
gold, civilizations like Aztec
after war of 1812
THOMAS JEFFERSON
- focused on agriculture
- Division between
manufacturing and
agriculture
Lousianna purchase
- 3 million in gold
- Agrarian nation to
Industrialized power
Industrialization = Rapid Growth
Religion
 1540s and onwards: Spain
establishes missions in an attempt
to convert Indian peoples from their
traditional religion to Catholicism
 1620: settlement of Plymouth
Colony by Pilgrims seeking
religious independence from
England
 1630s: Puritans, English
 Protestants that wanted to purify
church. Due to religious
persecution – fled Europe,
Separatists. John Winthrop,
Increase Mather
 Within colonies, tax money used to
subsidize chosen churches
 1634: Maryland, Catholic haven
 Political/economic status often
based/gained on status in church
 1636: Rhode Island – established
by Roger Williams who wanted
religious pluralism
 Mid-Atlantic colonies, bastions of
faith for those fleeing Europe.
Faith-based communities, not
economic
 1648: Cambridge Platform – civil
and religious government should
not be in opposition
 1649: Maryland Toleration Act
 1654: Jews arrive in New
Amsterdam (NYC)
 1652: Quakers established in
England, are persecuted for
deviating from the orthodox church,
flee
 1663 – American Revolution:
utopian communities established,
Dutch Mennonites
 1681: Pennsylvania (Quaker)
established by William Penn
 1692-93: Salem Witch trials
hysteria in Massachusetts
1734-1750: 1st Great Awakening,
powerful preaching & evangelicalism,
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Deists, Baptists, Methodists all fairly
prominent
Deism: belief that there is a supreme
being that doesn’t interfere with the
natural world
In South, evangelical planters control
the government
1760s: Baptists create a more
democratic denomination, including
poor whites & slaves, higher standards
of personal morality, opposed
Anglican planters in the south
1774: Radical Christian Shaker sect
appears, notable for gender equality
1775: The American Revolution
polarized many religions: Quakers
were pacifist, Church of England
supported the king
Religious rhetoric used during the
Revolution served to justify it morally
1789 – First Amendment includes
freedom of religion
1800 – Second Great Awakening: Started
by Presbyterian ministers, focused on
“unchurched”, Circuit Riders
Early 1800s - American Methodist
Movement: Francis Asbury
1802: First mention of separation of
church and state in letter addressed to
Jefferson
Benevolent Societies: focused on saving
lost souls
1830 – Mormon church
founded by Joseph Smith
1830’s – Adventism: William
Miller, Second coming of
Jesus Christ
1830’s - Transcendentalism
1832 - Restoration
Movement: restore church
and unify Christians
1833 – All states
disestablished religion.
1850 – Third Great
Awakening begins
splits in Protestant denominations.
New style of preaching that was
passionate versus coldly intellectual,
involved slaves in Christianity,
decentralized religion when it came to
the home
Social
Class/Gender
1. Patriarchal society
2. Social Pyramid: Wealthy
proprietors – yeomen classes –
indentured servants - slaves
3. In South: rich planters
dominated over yeomen farmers
4. In North: yeomen farmers were
the majority
5. Men outnumbered women by a
significant margin in the early
colonies
Birth and pedigree were very
important. Lowest=slaves, mostly in
south. Split into three classes,
domestic servants, body-servants,
and server. Next was white
indentured servants, who were
criminals (not always criminals) sent
to the colonies. The next higher
class, the most numerous of all,
comprised the traders, shopkeepers,
and small farmers
Daughter of Liberty – women
expressing more influence
- N.A. did not have any rights from
the Whites. (yes we know it rhymes)
- in the southern frontier: arrival of
cotton planters and slave systems
helped farmers thrive.
- merchant capitalists: use
commonwealth system to gain a
higher place in society.
- slave owning planters: cast
themselves as men of virtue and
defenders of liberty
- slave ownership became
concentrated in a southern
aristocratic elite
- many white yeoman farmers
became tenants of wealthy
landowners
- African Americans developed their
own unified culture
- in North: free blacks kept
performing menial and low-paying
work
- after 1807: slaves gain a little more
control over terms of work, material
maintenance, and their own lives.
Early 19th: evangelical Protestant
began to view women as the
principle figures responsible for
establishing a moral and virtuous
society
- women expected to play a higher
moral role in society: filled public
roles as teachers
- women began to advocate moral
and social reform by preaching or
speaking in public.
- transformed from an
underdeveloped nation of
farmers and frontiersmen
into an urbanized
economic powerhouse
- with industrial
revolution: new middle
class formed; comprised
mostly of white-collar
workers and skilled
laborers
- urban inner cities
became areas for poor and
immigrants (Irish and
German)
1820s: social and political
equality for white men.
1820s: hereditary
aristocracy; translated into
universal suffrage for all
free white males.
1820s: white women and
free blacks saw their rights
and status decline
1820s: authority of
parents, particularly
fathers, over children was
greatly diminished
1820s: young adults
married more for love
rather to gain a place in
society
1820s: allowed women
more independence and
equality with their
husbands
- Benevolent Empire:
middle-class men and
women launched broadranging campaign of
moral and institutional
reform
- Republican motherhood:
women became
responsible for molding
the nation’s future citizens
- although free blacks
were still segregated they
started to form their own
culture/community in the
North.
- Lowell girls: cheap labor
force
- competition between
smaller southern farmers
and plantation owners.
- 1829 – 1837: Jacksonian
presidency; Indian
removal from lands
1838: trail of tears
- Individualism:
individuals from social
constraints
- Transcendentalism:
changed the thoughts of
people; nonconformist
ideology
Science/Inventions
Blast Furnace
- 1492
- Iron smelting
- 1709 - Coke = More Efficient
Rifling
- More Accurate
Improved navigational techniques
and charts
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Spinning Jenny
- 1764
-Mass
production of
textiles
Steam Engine
-1763-1765
- Suitable for factory machinery
Power Loom
-1785
Improved Printing Press
Submarine
Steam ship
Flintlock Rifles
Automatic Mill
Art/Architecture
Geography
1774 – 1905: Shaker furniture
European derivative art preRevolution
1790: Residency Act, DC is capitol
1795: Pinckney’s Treaty guarantees
US navigation rights on Mississippi,
defines of Spanish colonies
1803: Louisiana Purchase doubles
the size of USA
Northwest Posts in Ohio Valley,
1840 – 1876: American
Revival style, bringing
back the past
post-Revolution, begin to
develop American style
abolitionist art & literature
1820: Missouri
Compromise, prohibits
slavery in Louisiana
Territory north of 36º30’
except in Missouri. Adds
Missouri and Maine to the
US.
prompt War of 1812
1811: Construction begins on one of
first major US highways, National
Road.
1831: Choctaws travel
along Trail of Tears to
reservations in Oklahoma.
1840s: settlers use Oregon
Trail to reach Willamette
Valley
1836 – 1846: Republic of
Texas, breaks away from
Mexico
1845: term “manifest
destiny” coined, belief that
US should spread to the
West (aka the Great
American Desert)
1848: Mexican Cession,
Mexico surrenders what is
now the southwestern US
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Expansion of US
influence in Americas
Trade with Britain after
War of 1812
Movements for
temperance, women’s
rights, abolition, labor
reform
Missouri Compromiseprohibited slavery north of
southern Missouri border
Industrial Revolution
Globalization
Exploration and Conquest
Proprietorships
Royal Colonies
Trade primarily with England
Trade with Britain until American
Revolution
Then France and Spain
More focus internally than across
the ocean besides trade with Europe
Reform
Convert Native Americans to
Christianity
Protestant revolution
Attempt to reform British Taxes (Tea
Party)
Declaration of Independence
Valley Forge-new special training
program- Baron von Streuben
Articles of Confederation
Second Great Awakening
New Religions (Mormons, Baptists,
and Shakers)
Rise of Baptists and Methodists
Utopian societies (Brook Farm and
Oneida Community)
Political reform (defining the
presidency)
French and Indian War
Delegation with Ben Franklin and
John Adams to end “excessive”
taxation
Revolutionary War
(Causes: Boston Massacre
The Intolerable Acts)
(Battles:
Lexington and Concord
Fort Ticonderoga
Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill)
Battle of Princeton
Battle of Quebec
Battle of Saratoga
Siege of Charleston
Battle of Yorktown
Naval Battles-Continental Navy
1794: Whiskey Rebellion
1798-1800: Franco-American Naval
War
1801-1805; 1815: Barbary Wars
1803: Louisiana Purchase
1812-1815: War of 1812
1813-1814: Creek War
1817-1818: First Seminole War
1823: Monroe Doctrine
1832: Black Hawk War
1835-1842: Second
Seminole War
1836: Texas Revolution
1846-1848: MexicanAmerican War
Isolationist Foreign Policy
Manifest Destiny
Environment
War/Diplomacy
-
England with full control of
colonies
Cooperation w/ England
War of Austrian Succession
War of Spanish Succession
comprised of mercenaries- John Paul
Jones
Alliance With France
Treaty of Paris 1783