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SECONDARY SCHOOL REFORM PROJECT
CURRICULUM GUIDE
ELECTRICITY/ELECTRONICS
LEVEL 8
TOPICS
METERS
TEST
METERS
ENERGY
METERS
CONTENT
Electro-meters
(i) Volmeter
(ii) Ammeter
(iii) Ohmmeter
(iv)
Voltohmeter
Energy or
supply meters:
(a) Mercury
(b) Electrolytic
(c) Induction
SKILLS
(i) Use
instruments to
measure
voltage,
current and
resistance;
power and
energy
(ii) Determine
the
instruments
used in the
measuring of
electrical
quantities voltage,
current,
resistance,
power and
energy.
OBJECTIVES
KNOWLEDGE
List the instruments
used to measure
voltage,current,
resistance power and
energy. List the
types of
instruments.
Identify the
instrument used to
measure each
electrical
quantity
State the types of
energy meters eg.
mercury, induction
and
electrolytic.
Electrometers are
devices used to
measure or record
values and qualities
such as voltages,
current and
resistance.
Meters are named
according to the
quantity to be
measured. A
Voltmeter is used to
measure the
Voltage.
An Ammeter is
designed to measure
the magnitude of an
Electric current.
STRATEGIES/
ATTITUDES
Create an
awareness of the
need to
identify the
correct instrument
to be used for
measuring
electrical
quantities.
Carefully measure
electrical
quantities
and interpret the
metre scale
accurately
EVALUATION
METHODOLOGY
(1) Discuss the
mechanisms of eletrometers and their uses.
(1) Help students to
list the types of
electrometers.
(2) List the types of meters
used to measure the various
quantities.
(2) State the types
of metres used for
the measurement
of various electrical
quantities.
(3) Identify the instrument
to be used to measure the
respective quantity
(3) State the unit of
each quantity being
measured.
(4) List and
describle the types
of meter
mechanisms
AREAS OF
INTEGRATION
Mathematics,
Physics,
Social Studies.
TOPICS
CONTENT
Types of Meter
Mechanisms
(i) Permament
magnet moving
coil.
(ii) Moving Iron
(a) attraction
type
(b) replusion
type
(iii)
Electrostatic
Mechanisms
(iv) Taut-band
Mechanism
(v) Electrodynamic
Mechanism
(vi) Polarised
Vane
(vii)
Thermocouple
(viii) Induction.
Scale:-
SKILLS
Interpret
instrument
scales
accurately
and read
quantities
measured
OBJECTIVES
KNOWLEDGE
Explain the types of
meter mechanisms.
Describe each type
of meter mechanism
STRATEGIES/
ATTITUDES
Understand the
various
mechanisms used
in the construction
of meters.
(4) Describe the instrument
used and how to connect it
in circuits in order to
measure the quantity.
(5) Explain and
demonstrate how to use the
meter to measure the
quantity and interpret the
scales and record readings.
Give students practice.
Identify instrument
scale and range.
Determine the
values measured by
the instrument
Meters are used with
permanent magnet
moving coil and
moving iron
attraction type and
repulsion type.
Instrument scales
are calibrated in two
scales
(a) Linear
(b) Non-Linear.
Scales are either dial
or face-plate.
face-plate.
2
EVALUATION
METHODOLOGY
(5) Let student
select the
instrument scales to
be used and
measure any
quantity and record
values obtained.
AREAS OF
INTEGRATION
History,
Mathematics,
Integreted
Science,
Physics,
Social Studues.
TOPICS
RESISTORS
CONTENT
Types of
resistors:Definition of a
resistors
(i) Fixed
resistors
(ii) Variable
Resistors
Fixed resistors:(a) Composition
resistors
(b) Film type
resistors
(c) Wire wound
resistors
(d) Photo
resistors
(e) Thermisters
Variable
resistors:(a)
Potentiometers
(b) Trimmers
(c) Rheostats
SKILLS
- Demonstrate
the use of
each type of
resistor.
- draw
diagram to
show
structure of
resistors.
- connect
resistors in
circuits as
potentiometer
s trimmers
and rheostats
- how to
connect
resistors to
control
current flow.
- how to
connect
resistor to
control
vlotage across
a component.
- place
resistors
according to
their uses.
OBJECTIVES
KNOWLEDGE
List the types of
resistors in common
use
- state their
differences
- list the uses of each
type of resistor.
Differentiate
between fixed and
variable resistors.
- show the structure
of a resistor.
STRATEGIES/
ATTITUDES
Develop an
awareness of the
types of resistors
State the functions
of the fixed and
variable resistors.
Show the
operation of
variable resistors.
Resistance is
measured in ohms.
A resistor is a
component which
limits or opposes the
current flow through
a circuit.
(1) Help the students to
define a resistor.
(1) Let students
define a resistor
(2) State the function of a
resistor
(2) List the types of
resistors
(3) List the types of
resistors
(3) Let students
give example of
functions of
resistors.
(4) Identify resistors which
are classified as fixed
resistors and variable
resistors.
(5) Describe the operation
of variable resistors - as
current controls and as
voltage controls
Resistors are
classified according
to their construction.
Fixed Resistors:
Fixed resistors are
composition
resistors, film - type
resistors, wire
wound resistors,
photo-resistors and
thermistors.
3
EVALUATION
METHODOLOGY
(4) Ask students to
identify resistors fixed resistors and
variable resistors.
(5) Let students
explain the
operation of
variable resistors as current controls
and as voltage
controls
AREAS OF
INTEGRATION
TOPICS
CONTENT
Operation of
Variable
resistors in
circuits as
(a) a control for
current through
a circuit
(b) a control for
voltage across a
component
Classification of
resistors
Usage:(a) Power
resistors
(b) Instrument
resistors
(c) Resistors for
electronic
circuits.
Resistor
identification
- Resistor
colour code
- Measurement
of resistance
using the
ohmmeter
SKILLS
Connect
variable
resistors to
control
current flow.
- connect
resistor to
control
voltage across
a component.
- classify
resistors
accordung to
uses
- power
resistors
- instrument
resistors
- electronic
circuits
Identify
resistor
values
- using the
resistor
colour code
- measure
resistance
using the
ohmmeter.
OBJECTIVES
KNOWLEDGE
Determine resistor
values using the
colour code and
measure the
resistance using the
ohmmeter.
Variable resisors are
potentiometers,
trimmeters,
rheostats.
STRATEGIES/
ATTITUDES
Classify resistors
according to the
uses.
Measure
resistance using
the ohmmeter and
calculate the
resistance using
the colour code.
These are used to
control the current
flow in a circuit, or
control the voltage
across a component.
Resistors are
classified according
to their uses:- as
power resistors, as
instrument resistors
and in electronic
circuits. Resistance
can be determined
by colour code or
ohmmeter.
4
EVALUATION
METHODOLOGY
(6) Classify
resistors according to use
(7) Identify resstor values
using the colour code and
measure the values using
an ohmmeter.
(6) State the uses of
the various types of
resistors
(7) Determine the
resistance values of
resistors given
colours and using
the ohmmeter.
AREAS OF
INTEGRATION
Mathematics,
Integreted
Science,
Physics.
TOPICS
CONTENT
SKILLS
OHM'S
LAW
Relationship of
Voltage,
Current and
Resistance in
circuits
(i) Ohm's Law
for Current - I =
V
R
(ii) Ohm's Law
for Voltage - V
= IxR
(iii) Ohm's Law
Resistance
V
R=
I
Memorization
Aid.
- Demonstate the
relationships in
the formula
between Voltage,
current and
resistance in
circuits.
- Identify the
symbol for the
ohm.
(i) Apply ohm's
law in
calculating the
current through a
circuit.
Use of V =
IxR where
-
I=
V
R
(ii) Apply ohm's
law for voltage
across a
component
- Calculate the
voltage given the
values of current
and resistance V = IxR
(iii) Apply ohm's
law for
Resistance in a
circuit.
- calculate the
resistance of a
circuit given the
values of voltage
and current.
(iv) State
formular for
quantities.
Draw the symbol
for ohm.
Measure voltage,
current,
resistance.
OBJECTIVES
KNOWLEDGE
(1) The Voltage in
any electrical
resistance directly is
proportional to the
current flow through
the resistance
V = IxR providing R
remains constant.
(2) The current flow
in a circuit is equal
to the applied
voltage V divided
by the resistance R
of the circuit:- I =
V
Amps.
R
(3) The voltage
across a resistance is
equal to the product
of the current, I and
the resistance R of
circuit:- V = IxR.
Volts.
(4) The Resistance
R in Ohm's is equal
to the Voltage V
divided by the
current I and the
resistance R of
circuit:V
R=
ohm's
I
In memorizing:V = IxR. Volts
I = VR Amps.
R=
STRATEGIES/
ATTITUDES
Be aware that
ohm's law shows
the relationship
between Voltage,
Current and
Resistance.
Explain the symbols and
Units of Voltage Current
and Resistance as V Voltage in Volts. It current
in Amperes R - Resistance
in ohms.
Explain the relationship
between V and I when R is
constant.
Derive Ohm's Law and
explain it using symbol
V = IxR.
Derive formula and give
statement for Current I =
V
Amps.
I
Derive formula for and
give statement for
V
Resistance R =
ohm's.
I
Work examples using the
laws
V
ohm's
I
5
EVALUATION
METHODOLOGY
AREAS OF
INTEGRATION
In evaluating ask
the student to name
the Units of
Voltage, Current
and Resistance.
State the Law for
Curren, Voltage
and Resistance.
Give example by
using typical values
for Current and
Resistance and
calculate the
Voltage usung
ohm's law. V =
IxR
Similarly use
values for Voltage
and Resistance and
calculate the
Current using I =
Give values for
Voltage and
Vurrent and
calculate the value
of the value of the
resistance using
V
R=
I
Integreted
Science
Physics
TOPICS
ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONIC
SYMBOLS
CONTENT
Graphical
symbols are the
drawings used
to represent
items. These
items include:(i) Components
(ii) Instruments
(iii) Installative.
Installation
symbols
describe
Items and
practices used
to place or
locate them in
circuits.
These include:(i) meters
(ii) switches
(iii) lamps
(iv) wiring
SKILLS
Graphical
Symbols:
- sketch the
symbol used
to represent
specific items
components
or
instruments in
a circuit
diagram.
Installation
Symbols:
- describe the
symbols used
to represent
items or
components
in a circuit.
- draw the
symbol to
represent a
wiring
proceduce in
an installation
circuit.
OBJECTIVES
KNOWLEDGE
Identify the symbols
that represent items,
components or
instrument in a
circuit diagram.
Identify alternative
symbols for some
components
STRATEGIES/
ATTITUDES
To become
familiar with the
symbols used to
represent
electrical and
electronic
components in
schematic and
wiring diagrams
Describe the symbol
used to represent an
item on a diagram
Draw a chart consisting of
items and components in
one columm and symbols
in the opposite column.
Describe the item in the
item column and draw the
symbols in the symbol
column
Describe a circuit using
common items and draw
the circuit using the
symbols to represent the
items or components.
Interpret items for
an installation as
drawn in symbolic
form:
Also draw circuits using
symbols only, then
describe the items and
circuitry.
Electronic and
Electrical symbols
are universal
expressions used to
communicate,
express design and
interpret electronic
and electrical
circuitry and
schematic deagram.
deagrams
6
EVALUATION
METHODOLOGY
AREAS OF
INTEGRATION
In evaluatiing the
lesson, describle
items to be used in
a circuit diagram
and let students
draw the circuit
diagram using
symbols to
represent the items.
Alternatively, draw
a circuit diagram
using signs and
symbols and let the
students descibe
the symbols.
Technical
Drawing
Physics
Chemistry
Social Studies
TOPICS
ELECTRICAL
CIRCUITS.
(SERIES)
CONTENT
Series Circuits:
(i) Current flow
in Series
circuits - one
path for current
flow.
electrons flow
from negative to
positive battery
terminals
through
resistors.
(ii) connection
of components
in series.
- resistors, cells,
capacitors etc
(iii) Resistors in
a Series circuit
Formula RT = R1 + R2 +
R3 +
SKILLS
- Identify a
series circuit.
- draw
components
in a series
circuit.
- trace the
path of
current flow
in a series
circuit
- connect a
battery and
components
in a series
circuit.
- connect
resistors in
series circuit.
- calculate the
total
resistance
when
resistors are
connected in
series - using
RT = R1 + R2
+ R3 + …
OBJECTIVES
KNOWLEDGE
-state how
components are
connected in series.
- how current flows
in a series circuit.
- how to connect
components in a
series circuit.
- Explain connection
of resistors in a
series circuit.
- to calculate the
total resistance when
resistors are
connected in series
using formula.
STRATEGIES/
ATTITUDES
EVALUATION
METHODOLOGY
(1) Draw a series circuit
and trace the path of
current flow
(2) Draw a circuit with
resistors in series, using
typical values, calculate the
total resistance of the
circuit using RT = R1 + R2
+ R3 +
Students will be
asked to list the
types of circuits.
- connect items in
series, parallel and
series parallel.
- trace the current
flow through a
series circuit.
(2) Connected
resistors in series
and lit students
calculate the total
resistance using the
formula.
7
AREAS OF
INTEGRATION
TOPICS
CONTENT
Voltage drop in
series circuits VD = R x I
(v) Application
of Ohm's Law
to series circuits
(vi) Voltage in
Series. (i)
series aiding (ii)
series
opposing
SKILLS
- calculate
voltage,
current, and
resistance in
circuits.
connect cells
in series, as
series aiding
and as series
opposing.
OBJECTIVES
KNOWLEDGE
- Explain how
voltage drops in a
circuit. Calculate
voltage, current and
resistance using
ohm's law
- Methods of
Connecting cells in
series - series aiding
and series opposing
Resistors connected
in series - total
resistances RT = R1
+ R2 + R3 + …
STRATEGIES/
ATTITUDES
(3) Draw a circuit
consisting of a voltage
supply, resistance and
current flow. Using the
law, find the voltage drop
across the resistor
(4) Connect cells in series
circuits
(a) series - aiding (b) series
opposing.
Voltage drop across
a series circuit is
given by VD = I x R.
Cells may be
connected in series
aiding or series opposing.
8
EVALUATION
METHODOLOGY
(3) Give values gor
current in a circuit
and resistance, let
students draw
circuit diagram and
calculate the
voltage drop.
(4) Use the formula
to calculate
Voltage, Current
and Resistance in
circuits.
AREAS OF
INTEGRATION
Technical
Drawing
Physics
Integreted
Science
TOPICS
PARALLEL
CIRCUITS
CONTENT
Connection of
components in
parallel circuits
or branched
circuits.
Voltage in a
parallel circuit.
- examples of
parallel circuit.
(ii) Current in a
parallel circuit IT = I1 + I2 + I3
+…
- current varies
in each branch
(iii) Resistance
in Parallel
circuits –
VT
RT =
IT
V1
R1 =
I1
R2 =
V2
I2
SKILLS
- Identity a
parallel
circuit
- connect
components
in parallel eg
cells,
resistors.
- identity the
voltage in a
parallel
circuit.
- Statement of
current in
various
branches of
the circuit
- show that
the total
current
entering the
junction splits
up through
each resistor
- calculate the
total
resistance
using R –
- calculate the
resistance of
each branch
using
V1
- R1 =
I1
OBJECTIVES
KNOWLEDGE
Identification of a
parallel circuit.
How to connect
cells, resistors etc in
parallel. State the
voltage in a parallel
circuit.
Explain the current
flow in various
branches of the
circuit.
The total current
splits up through the
various branch of
the circuit.
- Calculating the
total resistance using
1
= R11 + R12 .
RT
Calculating the
resistance of each
branch using
VT
RT =
IT
STRATEGIES/
ATTITUDES
Be aware that (I)
components can
be connected in
parallel or
branched circuit
(2) The Voltage in
a parallel circuit
remains constant
throughout the
branches.
(3) The current in
a parallel circuit
splits through
each branch and
the total current is
the sum of the
individual current
through each
branch - use IT =
I 1 + I 2 + I 3+ …
9
EVALUATION
METHODOLOGY
(1) Draw diagram to show
items in a parallel circuit.
(2) Show the voltage across
the circuit is same across
each resistor.
(3) Use typical values to
find voltage across
eachresistor and prove that
the voltage supply is thed
same as voltages across
eachresistor.
(4) Use values and prove
that the total current in sum
of the current in each
branch.
AREAS OF
INTEGRATION
(1) Students draw
diagram to show
cells, resistors in
parallel.
(2) Draw circuit
diagram and
calculate the
voltage across each
resistor in the
branches
(3) Give values of
voltage supply and
resistance of each
resistor, and let
students calculate
the total currant
and current through
each resister. Also
prove that the total
the current splits in
each resistor.
Integreted
Science
Mathematics
Physics
TOPICS
CONTENT
(iv) Total
Current and
branch
Currents.
IT = I1 + I2 + I3
(v) Total
Resistance in
Parallel
Circuits:1 = 1 + 1
RT
R2
R1
+ R13 +…
(vi) Open
Branch in
Parallel
circuits:-
SKILLS
- Calculate
the total
current in a
parallel
circuit using
IT = I1 + I2 +
I3.
- Calculate
the total
resistance in
parallel
circuits using.
1 = 1 +
RT
R1
1
R2
+
1
R3
OBJECTIVES
KNOWLEDGE
Calculating the total
current in a parallel
circuit using using IT
= I1 + I2 + I3.
Calculating the total
resistance in parallel
using RT = R11 + R12
+
1
R3
STRATEGIES/
ATTITUDES
(5) Use value to calculte
the resistance of each
branched item.
(6) Calculate the total
resistance in parallel
circuits.
+…
(7) Show the effects of an
open circuit.
The effect of an
open branch in an
parallel circuit.
+…
- Show the
effect of an
open branch
in a parallel
circuit.
10
EVALUATION
METHODOLOGY
(4) Draw parallel
circuits and let
students calculate
the resistance of
each branch.
(5) Give values of
resistors in parallel
and calculate the
total resistance.
AREAS OF
INTEGRATION
TOPICS
CAPACITORS
CONTENT
Capacitor Symbol, uses
and function.
(i) Construction
of Capacitors
- shapes and
sizes.
- dielectric
materials - air,
paper, vacuum,
oil, mica,
ceramic etc.
(ii) Types of
Capacitors:(a) Fixed
capacitors
(b) Variable
Capacitors.
Fixed capacitors
- nonelectrolytic.
paper, mica
ceramic,
metallised.
Electrolytic
Capacitors.
symbols.
Types - air dielectric
variable
- trimmers.
SKILLS
- Draw the
symbol of a
capacitor.
- state the
function of a
capacitor.
- list uses of a
capacitor
(1) Show
construction
of a capacitor
- list types of
dielectric
materials
- list types of
capacitors
- identify
fixed and
variable
capacitors
- state
dielectric
materials in
fixed
capacitors.
- list types of
electrolytic
capacitors
- state symbol
for variable
capacitors.
- use the
capacitor
code.
OBJECTIVES
KNOWLEDGE
The symbol to
represent a
capacitor. List the
functions of a
capacitor.
State the use of a
capacitor. Draw a
dagram and label the
parts of a capacitor.
STRATEGIES/
ATTITUDES
Students must be
able to draw the
symbols for
capacitors, state
the function and
used of capacitors
List of the types of
capacitor.
Describe the
structure of
capacitors, name
the plate and
dielectric
materials
Identify fixed and
variable capacitors.
List the types of
capacitors.
List of types of
slectrolytic
capacitors
Identify capacitors
as fixed and
variable.
Draw symbols for
variable capacitors.
List types of
variable capacitors
State the dielectric
materials of fixed
and variable
capacitors.
11
EVALUATION
METHODOLOGY
Show the class a capacitor
draw symbols for each
type, state the function and
give uses of capacitors
Show instruction of various
types of capacitors. Flame
firlrctric mstrial.
Differentiate between
fixed and variable
capacitors. List dielectric
materials for fixed and
variable capacitors
State the uses of fixed and
variable capacitors.
Let students draw
symbols state uses
and explain the
functions of
capacitors.
List dielectric
materials and
describe shapes
and sizes.
Identify types of
capacitors - fixed
and variable
State the uses of
electrolytic and
non-electrolytic
capacitors.
Use capacitor
colour code to
determine the
capacitance.
AREAS OF
INTEGRATION
TOPICS
CONTENT
(iii) Capacitor
Codings
(iv)Capacitor
applications.
(a) bypass and
filtering
(b) timming
(c) coupling
capacitor
(v) Effect of
capacitance
- charging
- discharging
- energy
(vi) Unit of
capacitance
(vii) Capacitors
in combination
(a) in parallrl
(b) in series
SKILLS
-show the
applications
of capacitors.
-Demonstrate
the effects of
capacitance.
- charging a
capacitor
- discharging
a capacitors
-determine
the energy
stored in
capacitors
- state unit of
capacitance
- connect and
calculate
capacitance
inparallel and
series
OBJECTIVES
KNOWLEDGE
Uses of variable
capacitors. List the
applications of
capacitors.
STRATEGIES/
ATTITUDES
Use colour code to
determine capacitor values
State the effects of
capacitance Explain the
unit of capacitance
The effects of
capacitance in a
circuit.
Charging and
discharging a
capacitor.
EVALUATION
METHODOLOGY
Connect circuit and
calculate total capacitance
in series and parallel.
Explain the types
of capacitors used
as bypass, filtering,
timing and
coupling.
How to charge and
discharge a
capacitor.
State the unit of
capacitance
calculate total
capacitance when
capacitors are
connected in series
and in parallel.
The energy stored in
a capacitor
connection of
capacitors in series
and parallel
12
AREAS OF
INTEGRATION
Integreted
Science
Mathematics
Physics