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EOC Study Guide
1.
What are the differences between plant and animal cell?
2.
How do they look?
3.
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
4.
How does it look in a cell? Draw it
5.
What is the function of a vacuole?
6.
Can you find it in a cell?
7.
What is the function of a ribosome?
8.
What are examples of proteins?
9.
Gametes are the productions of which type of reproduction?
10.
Put the phases in order from start to finish.
11.
Why do muscle cells in athletes have more mitochondria than nonathletes?
12.
What are the four organic molecules and their subunits.
13.
Excess Glucose is stored as what in plants?
14.
In animals?
15.
What is an example of carbohydrates?
16.
Give examples of polysaccharides.
17.
What is budding in reproduction?
18.
Asexual or sexual?
19.
What is mitosis and explain characteristics?
20.
Skin cell is mitotic/meiotic?
21.
What is meiosis and explain characteristics?
22.
What is crossing over?
23.
What is the result?
24.
Mutations occur in what type of cells?
25.
What is mRNA ?
26.
What is tRNA?
27.
What does mRNA do?
28.
What does tRNA do?
29.
What nitrogen base is NOT found in RNA
30.
Draw a picture of protein synthesis. Include amino acid, ribosome, tRNA, mRNA, etc.
YOU NEED TO DRAW THIS NOT COPY AND PASTE THE PICTURE-I ALREADY KNOW HOW TO DRAW IT-YOU NEED TO KNOW!!!!!
31.
The mRNA codon is UGC, what is the tRNA anti-codon?
32.
If a mRNA codon is AUC, what is the DNA codon?
33.
Where does replication, transcription and translation occur in the cell?
34.
The ribosome is involved which one: replication, transcription, translation?
35.
What is taken to the ribosome?
36.
What are homologous chromosomes?
37.
Are they found in gametes?
38.
What is a mutation? A change is what? BE SPECIFIC!!!! (hint: gene)
39.
What is a test cross?
40.
Show and explain an example of a test cross.
41.
What is the purpose of a test cross?
42.
What is independent assortment?
43.
How can this be used to explain how offspring have different combinations of traits?
44.
What are the alleles for ABO blood?
45.
What type of inheritance is this?
46.
What are the genotypes for all blood types?
47.
What alleles are codominant?
48.
What is a monohybrid cross?
49.
If red is dominant (R) and white is recessive (r), show the cross between a
50.
What is a sex-linked trait?
51.
Give examples and explain.
52.
Is the allele for the examples carried on the X chromosome or Y chromosome?
53.
Is the example dominant or recessive?
54.
What is a pedigree?
55.
How can you use a pedigree to see inheritance of traits?
56.
What is recombinant DNA?
57.
What does DNA stand for?
58.
Draw a picture to illustrate how recombinant DNA is formed.
59.
What is genetic engineering?
60.
Does this involve natural reproduction?
61.
Give examples genetic engineering.
62.
Define cloning.
63.
Does cloning result in genetically identical offspring or genetically different offspring?
64.
Will the clones be the same or different sex?
65.
Why haven’t scientists cloned humans?
66.
What are some concerns and ethical issues about genomics and biotechnology
67.
68.
What is transformation?
What are the steps of transformation?
69.
What is the hierarchy of cell organization?
70.
Are all cells different or alike?
71.
Do the cells work together or independently?
72.
Define prokaryote and eukaryote.
73.
Give examples of each.
74.
What is the difference between the examples for eukaryote?
75.
What is the central dogma of biology?
76.
Explain each step.
Mitosis: Fill in each block with CORRECT answer
77.
Parent (diploid or haploid)
78.
Offspring (diploid or haploid)
79.
Chromosome number in offspring
80.
Identical/genetically different than parent
81.
Types of cells produced
82.
Purpose
83.
Asexual / Sexual
Meiosis: Fill in each block with CORRECT answer
84.
Parent (diploid or haploid)
85.
Offspring (diploid or haploid)
86.
Chromosome number in offspring
87.
Identical/genetically different than parent
88.
Types of cells produced
89.
Purpose
90.
Asexual / Sexual
91.
What type of cell division does prokaryotic cells undergo?
92.
What about Eukaroyotic cells?
93.
What happens differently in cell division with plants and animals?
94.
Who is Larmarck?
95.
What is his theory? I
96.
Give an example.
97.
Is his theory considered correct?
98.
What is evolution?
99.
Explain the concept of common ancestor.
100.
What has greatest effect on the rate of evolution?
101.
Which scientist is credited with the theory of evolution?
102.
Who is Stanley Miller and Urey?
103.
Explain his experiment.
104.
What did they attempt to do, what was important about their experiment?
105.
Name the seven level hierarchy system (categories of classification).
106.
Which is most general?
107.
Which is most specific?
108.
How many kingdoms are there (most acceptable right now)?
109.
Who is Linneaus?
110.
What is he credited with creating (name of)?
111.
How is this used today? (hint it is in the non common name)
112.
What happens to the image of specimen when it is changed from low to high?
113.
What is important about the structure of a Protein?
114.
These are to be worn in the lab to protect what
115.
.
116.
List in order (the format )for a formal lab report.
Proteins are composed of _______
______ bonded together by
_______________ bonds.
117.
In the lab, we added 3 drops of Biuret’s solution to a mystery food. The indicator turned from deep blue to violet. What macromolecule was present?
118.
In the lab we added 3 drops of Benedict’s solution to a mystery food. The indicator turned from blue to yellow. What macromolecule was present?
119.
In the lab, we viewed specimens under a microscope through a 10X eyepiece and a 40X objective. What was our magnification?
120.
Who saw the first bacteria (little beasties)?
121.
I store water and aid in digestion. I am larger in the plant cell than in the animal cell-who am I?
122.
Why am I larger in a plant cell?
123.
I surround the cell and am made up of a phospholipids bilayer and proteins- who am I?
124.
What does it mean to be selectively permeable?
125.
Explain the term Fluid Mosaic Model.
126.
I absorb sunlight in the plant cell and I am the location of photosynthesis- who
127.
I am a protective barrier surrounding the plant cell and I am made of cellulose-who am I?
128.
Give an example of geographical isolation.
129.
“Survival of the Fittest” best describes which theory?
130.
Put the following in order of there appearance on Earth:
131.
What did Alexander Oparin hypothesize?
132.
Describe the conditions on early Earth?
133.
Put the following events in order of their appearance on Earth: 1 st cell developed organisms used photosynthesis complex organic molecules form
am I?
Anaerobic heterotrophs
Aerobic autotrophs
(eukaroyotic) prokaryotes appear organisms use chemosynthesis (making chemicals)
134.
Based on the biochemical evidence, which two organisms are more closely related?
Organism
Amino acid
Human
Gly
Amino acid
Horse
Leu
His
His
Chimpanzee
Gly
Ala
Leu
Ala
Leu
135.
Compare biogenesis vs. spontaneous generation. (include the scientist names that proved or disproved these ideas)
136.
Define taxonomy.
137.
What is a cladogram?
138.
Explain the purpose of a dichotomous key
139.
Under the category of Bryophytes
140.
What anchoring structure do mosses have instead of roots?
141.
Why are mosses usually restricted to moist habitats?
142.
What is the first generation produced in mosses?
143.
What is the second generation produced in mosses?
144.
Under the category of Ferns
145.
What do ferns have instead of seeds?
146.
What is the gametophyte stage of a fern called?
147.
Under the category of Gymnosperms
148.
What are three examples of gynmosperms?
149.
What makes a gynmosperm a gynmosperm?
150.
In pine trees which is larger, the male or female cones?
151.
What adaptation allowed plants to make the move to life on land?
152.
Under the category of Angiosperms
153.
Where are angiosperm seeds found?
154.
What process must angiosperms go through before they can reproduce?
Angiosperms are _________________ plants.
Amino acid
155.
Give three examples of angiosperms.
156.
How many seed leaves do monocots start with?
157.
How many seed leaves do dicots start with?
158.
Angiosperms get their name because the _____________ are produced inside a ____________.
159.
Angiosperms are vascular plants with xylem and phloem.
160.
In which direction does xylem flow?
161.
In which direction does phloem flow?
162.
How can a plant control the amount of carbon dioxide it takes in and the amount of water it loses?
163.
Animals and plants have evolved together, with animals acting as pollinators for plants. List two examples of this type of coevolution.
164.
Which type of organism has a 4 chambered heart?
165.
Which type of organism has a 3 chambered heart?
166.
Which type of organism has a 2 chambered heart?
167.
Which group, plant or animals, have Hormones: Auxin, Gibberellins, Cytokinins?
168.
Which group of organisms (2) breath through their skin?
169.
I move with legs, and my kidney removes gases. I have a brain and use my nervous system to communicate. I breathe through my skin and through
the lining in my mouth. As adults, we are carnivores and sexually reproduce. I am looking for a female to reproduce with. One of us will have to stay
with the eggs to ensure their safety, this means I need a very kind and focused female. I have a bi-life, one in water and one on land. What type of
organism am I.
170.
If a cell is placed in an environment where salt is 94%, what will happen to the cell?
171.
Why?
172.
If we deal with the water entering or leaving a cell by passive transport, what word is this definition for?
173.
If a cell is placed in an environment where salt is 94%, and water entered the cell, would this be passive or active transport?
174.
Does this need energy?
175.
When thinking about the energy pyramid, what happens to the amount of engery as you go up the pyramid?
176.
What about the amount of organisms?
177.
What about the biomass?
178.
What are the producers in this picture?
179.
What are the autotrophic organisms?
180.
What are the primary consumers in the picture above?
181.
What does it mean to be heterotrophic?
182.
Which organism is an omnivore in the picture above?
183.
Which organisms are secondary consumers in the picture above?
184.
Which organisms are missing from the web in the picture above ?
185.
What is the difference between a food chain and food web?
186.
Who came up with the term cell?
187.
Who is the father of genetics?
188.
What organism did he work with to determine the complete inheritance pattern?
189.
Which three scientists discovered the structure of DNA?
190.
Who discovered the microscope?
191.
What biological theory did Pasture and Redi prove?
192.
What biological theory did they disprove?
193.
What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?
194.
What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration?
195.
Which process is anaerobic?
196.
Which process is aerobic?
197.
Which human aliment is responsible for muscle fatigue?
198.
Yeast produces what through fermentation?
199.
The carbon cycle is driven by which two processes?
200.
Which process produces the most energy?
201.
How much energy is produced?
202.
What is that energy called?
203.
What are the two differences between cellular respiration and fermentation?
204.
Where does cellular respiration get the components to produce it's energy?
205.
What are the three things that effect the rate of enzyme reaction?
206.
What is a learned behavior?
207.
Give 3 examples.
208.
What is an innate behavior?
209.
Give 3 examples.
210.
What is a social behavior?
211.
Give 3 examples.
212.
What happens to the plant and animal cell during the final stage of cell division
213.
This process above is: ________________ and takes place in the
214.
______________________, specifically on the chromosomes.
215.
Central dogma of biology: DNA--> __________ --> _____________.
216.
A Mutation is:_____________________________________________________________.
217.
This may ultimately change the sequence of _________
218.
Explain Lamarck's theory of use and disuse
219.
Explain below in complete sentences, evolution using the words: Charles Darwin, Natural Selection, adaptations, as evidenced by homologous
__________ that code for a protein.
structures, relative dating, carbon dating, DNA (biochemical evidence), fossils, and claudigrams/phylogenic tree. This will be worth 20 points.
PRIMARY DIFFFERENCE IN CELL DIVISION OF A PLANT AND ANIMAL CELL IS THAT
220. Animal cells _________ _________________apart (cleavage furrow)
221. Plant cells form a ____ _______
_______________
222. What three factors affect the rate of enzyme reaction? 1. ______
2. ________ 3. ________
223. Enzymes are SPECIFIC, they end with ___-____ and are responsible for breaking down and speeding up (catalysts) reactions for substrates or sugars which
end with ____ ______. What organic molecules are considered sugars __________
224. pH is a number scale identifying acids and bases. a. 1 to 6.9 are ____ -______ b. 7.1 to 14 are _________.(7 is neutral which is most of the human
body
225. Plants are also known as
_______ and __________.
226. Cellular respiration (also known as ________ respiration (hint: with oxygen) produces ________ATPs (ATP is adenosine triphosphate-which is
__________energy at the cellular level – AKA unit if measure of released energy).
227. O2 + C6H12O6 + H2O → CO2 + H2O + 36 ATP
_______________
228. Cellular Respiration occurs in which organelle? ____________(both plants_in seeds_and animals (humans) use cellular respiration)
229. Fermentation (also known as) ___________respiration (hint: withOUT oxygen) have two types:
a. _______ where alcohol, CO2 and 2 ATPs are produced ______ (by yeast or bacteria )
b. _______where lactic acid, CO2 and 2 ATPs are produced _____ (in muscles – cramps or sore)
230. Fermentation produces _________
231. Photosynthesis occurs in plants and some bacteria. This is an energy storing process. This process uses energy from the ____________(solar) to produce
food for the plant in the form of __________. Humans eat plants to transform this food into the energy source for cellular respiration in the form of ________..
232. The process of photosynthesis takes place in what organelle? _____________.
233. CO2 +H2O + SUN → O2 + C6H12O6 + H2O __________________
234. Homeostasis is responsible for regulating the body's 1. ___________ 2. ___________3. ____________ 4. ____________
235. What part of the cell is responsible for maintaining homeostasis? ______________
236. Compare/Contrast
Passive transport
Active Transport
b.
b.
c.
c.
d. examples –(3)
d. example
237. SALT does what to water?__________– (why you are thirsty after eating chips or fries)
238. As you move up the biomass, the numbers or energy pyramid, they __________ (increase, decrease or stay the same)?
239. List the tropic levels of the biomass, energy, and numbers pyramid from the bottom to the top
________
_______________
_______ ___
and tertiary consumers (3 rd order)
240. biotic factors and examples –
241. abiotic factors-and examples.
242. People that must restrict their diet of protein (more specifically the amino acid Phenylalanine) have what genetic disease? ________
243. Genetic disease that affect the shape of red blood cells? ___________
244. Passive immunity ____________and______________
245. Active immunity_______________________
246. Remember Labs and their importance:
toothpickase –
High to low activity
Liquid lunch (who stole the ipod or microscope)
Energy in food (burned walnuts, almonds, and marshmallows
Microscope /cells types labs
Strawberry DNA lab
Who gives a hoot