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CIVIL WAR CAUSE AND EFFECT STUDY GUIDE When Cause Effect November, 1860 Lincoln is elected president Southern states secede fearing that Lincoln will eliminate slavery April, 1861 CSA bombards Union held Fort Sumter in South Carolina which had seceded from the Union The Civil War begins and both sides prepare for war July, 1861 CSA wins the 1st Battle of Bull Run An expected Union victory becomes a CSA route and politicians realize it will be a long and bloody conflict. March, 1862 USA and CSA utilize new technology in the Battle of the Ironclads The battle comes to a draw, but it is the first such battle in history. Naval warfare is forever changed. September, 1862 Battle of Antietam ends with no clear winner The Union claims victory as Lee retreats back to the South. Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation changing the course of the war. January, 1863 Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation declaring all slaves in the CSA are free A new goal is introduced in the war. Opens the way for African Americans to enlist; first step in abolition of slavery. England and France do not support the CSA since this becomes a war over slavery. Siege of Vicksburg – After 6 weeks of Grant shelling the CSA stronghold of Vicksburg, the Union gains control of Vicksburg. Union gains complete control of the Mississippi River, important step in the Anaconda Plan. July 4, 1863 Battle of Gettysburg – Lee and the CSA retreat from Gettysburg after being defeated in the 3 day battle. Lee’s army suffers heavy losses from which it never recovers. It is the turning point of the war. November, 1863 Gettysburg Address - Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address at the dedication of the cemetery for all of the soldiers who had given their lives at the battle. Address declares a “new birth of freedom” further making the end of slavery an important goal of the war. SeptemberDecember, 1864 Sherman’s March – Sherman launches a Total War campaign destroying much of Georgia on his march from Atlanta to Savannah. Destroys much of South’s economy by burning down farmland and destroying much of the South crushing the spirit of the Southerners. May-July 4, 1863 April, 1865 Siege of Petersburg – Grant and The CSA collapses and the army is on the Union Army attack the city of the retreat. The capital city is set ablaze Petersburg which was the and the Confederate government flees. gateway to the CSA capital of Richmond. After the Union is victorious at Petersburg, they marched into Richmond. April, 1865 Surrender at Appomattox – On April 9, 1865, General Lee surrendered to General Grant. Ends the Civil War: 600,000 casualties We are now one country again. April, 1865 Assassination of Lincoln – John Andrew Johnson is sworn in as Wilkes Booth, a CSA President. The nation mourns Lincoln’s sympathizer, assassinated the death. president while he attended a play in Washington, D.C. Throughout War New military technology such as the minie ball, Gatling gun, rifle, etc. More Americans are killed in the Civil War than in all of the other US wars combined.