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CIVIL WAR CAUSE AND EFFECT STUDY GUIDE
When
Cause
Effect
November,
1860
Lincoln is elected president
Southern states secede fearing that
Lincoln will eliminate slavery
April, 1861
CSA bombards Union held Fort
Sumter in South Carolina which
had seceded from the Union
The Civil War begins and both sides
prepare for war
July, 1861
CSA wins the 1st Battle of Bull
Run
An expected Union victory becomes a
CSA route and politicians realize it will
be a long and bloody conflict.
March, 1862 USA and CSA utilize new
technology in the Battle of the
Ironclads
The battle comes to a draw, but it is the
first such battle in history.
Naval warfare is forever changed.
September,
1862
Battle of Antietam ends with no
clear winner
The Union claims victory as Lee
retreats back to the South. Lincoln
issues the Emancipation Proclamation
changing the course of the war.
January,
1863
Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln issues the Emancipation
Proclamation declaring all slaves
in the CSA are free
A new goal is introduced in the war.
Opens the way for African Americans
to enlist; first step in abolition of
slavery. England and France do not
support the CSA since this becomes a
war over slavery.
Siege of Vicksburg – After 6
weeks of Grant shelling the CSA
stronghold of Vicksburg, the
Union gains control of
Vicksburg.
Union gains complete control of the
Mississippi River, important step in the
Anaconda Plan.
July 4, 1863 Battle of Gettysburg – Lee and
the CSA retreat from Gettysburg
after being defeated in the 3 day
battle.
Lee’s army suffers heavy losses from
which it never recovers. It is the turning
point of the war.
November,
1863
Gettysburg Address - Lincoln
delivers the Gettysburg Address
at the dedication of the cemetery
for all of the soldiers who had
given their lives at the battle.
Address declares a “new birth of
freedom” further making the end of
slavery an important goal of the war.
SeptemberDecember,
1864
Sherman’s March – Sherman
launches a Total War campaign
destroying much of Georgia on
his march from Atlanta to
Savannah.
Destroys much of South’s economy by
burning down farmland and destroying
much of the South crushing the spirit of
the Southerners.
May-July 4,
1863
April, 1865
Siege of Petersburg – Grant and
The CSA collapses and the army is on
the Union Army attack the city of the retreat. The capital city is set ablaze
Petersburg which was the
and the Confederate government flees.
gateway to the CSA capital of
Richmond. After the Union is
victorious at Petersburg, they
marched into Richmond.
April, 1865
Surrender at Appomattox – On
April 9, 1865, General Lee
surrendered to General Grant.
Ends the Civil War: 600,000 casualties
We are now one country again.
April, 1865
Assassination of Lincoln – John
Andrew Johnson is sworn in as
Wilkes Booth, a CSA
President. The nation mourns Lincoln’s
sympathizer, assassinated the
death.
president while he attended a play
in Washington, D.C.
Throughout
War
New military technology such as
the minie ball, Gatling gun, rifle,
etc.
More Americans are killed in the Civil
War than in all of the other US wars
combined.