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Ginger
Zingiber officinale
Ginger is from the Ginger (Zingiberaceae) family.
Parts Used ;Root Rhizome
Health Benefits of Ginger
Cardiovascular System
Ginger helps to prevent Atherosclerosis (by lowering serum Cholesterol levels, inhibiting
abnormal Blood Clotting and improving Blood Circulation).
Ginger improves Blood Circulation.
Ginger prevents abnormal Blood Clotting by inhibiting Platelet Aggregation (due to the
Gingerol content of Ginger)
Ginger increases the contraction strength of the Heart and improves Energy production in
the Heart (due to its ability to increase the production of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
by the Heart).
Ginger helps to prevent Thrombosis.
Digestive System
Ginger improves the function of the Digestive System.
Ginger stimulates the flow of Bile from the Gallbladder (i.e. it functions as a
cholagogue).
Ginger (tea) alleviates Colic.
Ginger cleanses the ..:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoftcom:office:smarttags" />Colon.
Ginger may be useful for the treatment of Crohn's Disease (due to its ability to inhibit the
excessive production of (pro-inflammatory) Leukotriene B4 that occurs during Crohn's
Disease).
Ginger alleviates Diverticulosis.
Ginger helps to prevent Gastric Ulcers.
Ginger temporarily alleviates Gastritis.
Ginger temporarily alleviates Flatulence.
Ginger temporarily alleviates Indigestion.
Ginger enhances gastrointestinal motility and alleviates Abdominal Cramps in Irritable
Bowel Syndrome patients.
Ginger helps to protect the Stomach from the toxic effects of Alcohol (ethanol) and NonSteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS).
Ginger may be useful for the treatment of Ulcerative Colitis (due to its ability to inhibit
the excessive production of (pro-inflammatory) Leukotriene B4 that occurs during
Ulcerative Colitis).
Ginger (1,000 mg per day) prevents Vomiting (due to the Shogaol content of Ginger).
Excretory System
Ginger induces Perspiration.
Immune System
Ginger (weakly) inhibits many types of Detrimental Bacteria.
Ginger reduces Fevers. research
Ginger inhibits Inflammation (by suppressing the production of inflammatory
Eicosanoids such as Prostaglandin E2 and Leukotriene B4).
Ginger stimulates the death (apoptosis) of Leukemia cells (due to the Gingerol content of
Ginger). research
Metabolism
Ginger possesses Antioxidant properties (primarily due to the Shogaol and Zingerone
components of Ginger). research
Ginger scavenges Hydroxyl Free Radicals.
Ginger inhibits some types of Oxidation (e.g. Lipid Peroxidation).
Ginger scavenges Superoxide Free Radicals.
Ginger increases the body's Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR).
Ginger helps to lower serum Cholesterol levels: research
Ginger lowers LDL Cholesterol levels and inhibits the oxidation of LDL
Cholesterol.
Ginger lowers VLDL Cholesterol levels.
Ginger stimulates the body's production of Energy.
Ginger is speculated to be useful for the treatment of Hepatitis C (due to its ability to
lower elevated Tumor Necrosis Factor-a levels). peer-reviewed research
Ginger facilitates weight loss in people afflicted with Obesity (due to the ability of
Ginger to increase the body's Basal Metabolic Rate which results in greater activation of
Beta-3 Adrenergic Receptors on Brown Adipose Tissue resulting in greater
thermogenesis).
Ginger lowers elevated serum Triglycerides levels (by up to 27%). research
Musculoskeletal System
Ginger alleviates Cramps.
Ginger alleviates the Pain and Inflammation associated with Osteoarthritis (by inhibiting
the inflammatory eicosanoids that contribute to the Pain and Inflammation associated
with Osteoarthritis).
Ginger alleviates the Pain, Inflammation and stiffness associated with Rheumatoid
Arthritis.
Nervous System
Ginger alleviates Migraine (including the Nausea that often accompanies Migraine).
Ginger (1,000 mg per day taken as four divided doses of 250 mg each) temporarily
alleviates Nausea (including the Nausea associated with Morning Sickness in women
during Pregnancy and the Nausea experienced by persons undergoing Chemotherapy).
research
Ginger temporarily diminishes the sensation of Pain.
Ginger (1,000 mg consumed approximately 25 minutes prior to travelling) is more
effective than prescription drugs for alleviating Travel Sickness. .
Ginger alleviates Vertigo.
Oral Health
Ginger (fresh Ginger Root) alleviates Toothache.
Orthodox Medical Procedures
Ginger (1,000 mg consumed prior to anaesthesia) reduces the incidence of postSurgery Nausea and Vomiting caused by the anaesthetics used during Surgery. research
Respiratory System
Ginger alleviates the symptoms of the Common Cold (due to its warming effects).
Sexual System
Ginger alleviates Dysmenorrhea (by inhibiting the excessive production of Prostaglandin
F2 alpha that is implicated in Dysmenorrhea).
Ginger (1,000 mg per day taken as four divided doses of 250 mg each) temporarily
alleviates the Nausea associated with Morning Sickness.
Skin
Ginger (applied topically to the Skin as a component of Skin Creams) is claimed to
stimulate Blood Circulation to the Skin.
Ginger Enhances the Function of these Substances
Lipids
Ginger increases the body's production of Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2).
Nucleic Compounds
Ginger increases the production of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) by the Heart.
Ginger Inhibits these Potentially Toxic Substances
Cytokines
Ginger lowers elevated Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) levels. peer-reviewed
research
Enzymes
Ginger inhibits Cyclooxygenase (due to the Gingerol content of Ginger). research
Ginger inhibits Lipoxygenase (5-Lipoxygenase form) (due to the Gingerol content of
Ginger).
Lipids
Ginger inhibits the production of Leukotriene B4 (due to the Gingerol content of Ginger
inhibiting the Lipoxygenase enzyme that produces Leukotriene B4).
Ginger inhibits the production of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (due to the ability of the
Gingerol content of Ginger to inhibit Cyclooxygenase, a precursor for PGE2 production).
research
Ginger inhibits the production of Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha).
Ginger inhibits the production of Thromboxane A2 (due to Gingerol inhibiting the
Cyclooxygenase enzyme that catalyzes the production of Thromboxane A2).
Pharmaceutical Drugs
Ginger helps to reduce the Nausea and Vomiting that occur as side effects of
Chemotherapy.
Ginger helps to protect the Stomach from the toxic effects of Non-Steroidal AntiInflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS).
Recreational Drugs
Ginger helps to protect the Stomach from the toxic effects of Alcohol (ethanol).
Contraindications
Pharmaceutical Drugs
Ginger should not be used concomitantly with Warfarin (Ginger may potentiate the
anticoagulant effects of Warfarin and thereby cause Bleeding). research
Ginger Contains these Substances
(mg of Substance per 100 grams)
Carbohydrates:
50,000 Mucilages
Enzymes:
Proteolytic Enzymes
Lipids: 7,000
Minerals:
Calcium
Iron
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Potassium
Sodium
Terpenoids:
Sesquiterpenes:
Bisabolene
Zingiberene
Vitamins:
Vitamin B3
Vitamin B6
Choline
PABA
Inositol
Volatile Oils:
Borneol
Camphene
Cineole
Citral
Eucalyptol
Linalool
Phellandrene
Zingiberol
Oleoresins: * 33,000 Gingerol
Shogaol
Zingerone
Gingerdiol
Gingerdione
Zingerdione
*
Oleoreseins are compounds of a Volatile Oil + a Resin.
Dosage Recommendations
The most commonly recommended dosage of dried Ginger root when used for
therapeutic purposes is 500 - 3,000 mg per day. The most common dosage within this
range is 1,000 mg per day. When used for the prevention of Travel Sickness, Ginger
should be consumed 20 minutes to two hours prior to traveling. Women should not
consume more than 1,000 mg of Ginger (extract) during Pregnancy.
Commercial Availability of Ginger
"Singular" Ginger Oral Supplements
Ginger is available from health food stores, herb suppliers and mail order supplement
companies (worldwide) in the form of:
loose, dried Ginger root
1:2 fluid extract/tincture
1:4 fluid extract/tincture
1:5 fluid extract/tincture
100 mg concentrated 10:1 capsules (equivalent to 1,000 mg of dried Ginger root).
100 mg capsules standardized to contain 20% (20 mg) Volatile Oils and 5% (5
mg) Zingiberene.
250 mg capsules standardized to contain 5% (12.5%) Volatile Oils (Gingerols).
250 mg concentrated 4:1 capsules (equivalent to 1,000 mg of dried Ginger root).
275 mg capsules
400 mg capsules
420 mg capsules
500 mg capsules
500 mg tablets
535 mg capsules
550 mg capsules
Oral Formulas
Ginger is one of the three Ayurvedic Herbs that comprise the formula known as Trikatu.
Standardized extracts of the active ingredients of Ginger are one of the components of the
proprietary product named Zinaxin that is formulated for the treatment of Rheumatoid
Arthritis.
Ginger is an ingredient in several specific purpose formulas including:
Weight Loss Formulas
Topical Products
Ginger is an ingredient in some topically-applied Skin care products including:
Skin moisturizing creams (Ginger is claimed to improve Blood Circulation to the
Skin).
Skin refining creams
Standardization
Some Ginger products are standardized to contain up to 5% of the principal active
ingredients, Volatile Oils (particularly Gingerol).
Onion
The Onion is a biennial bulb Vegetable - commonly described (incorrectly) as a
member of the Lily family.
Botanical Names
Allium cepa (Common Onion)
Allium cepa proliform group (Egyptian Onion or Tree Onion)
All varieties of Onion belong to the Amaryllis (Amaryllidaceae) family.
Health Benefits of Onions
Cardiovascular System
Onions>
Onions inhibit abnormal Blood Clotting (due to Adenosine and other substances
in Onions).
Onion reduces the risk of Heart Attack (by inhibiting the abnormal Blood
Clotting activity that is implicit in Heart Attacks).
Onions lowers elevated Blood Pressure in Hypertension patients (due to the
Prostaglandin E1 content of Onions).
Onions help to prevent Thrombosis.
Digestive System
Onions stimulate the flow of Bile (i.e. it functions as a Cholagogue) (due to
Sulfur).
Onions alleviate the symptoms of Colic.
Immune System
Onions help to prevent and treat some forms of Cancer: research
Onions help to prevent Lung Cancer (primarily due to their high content of
Quercetin).
Onions protect against Skin Cancer.
Onions reduce the incidence of Stomach Cancer. research
Onions kill several forms of Detrimental Bacteria (due to Diphenylamine)
including:
Bacillus subtilis research
Eschericia coli research
Salmonella
Metabolism
Onion lowers total serum Cholesterol levels:
Onion (especially raw Onion) increases (beneficial) HDL Cholesterol levels
- ½ of a raw Onion per day raises HDL Cholesterol by 30%. research
Onions exert significant blood-sugar lowering actions in Diabetes Mellitus
patients (mainly due to the Allyl Propyl Disulfide content of Onions retarding the
degradation of Insulin): research
Onions are as effective as the Pharmaceutical Drugs, Tolbutamide and
Phenformin, in lowering Blood Sugar levels in Diabetes Mellitus patients.
Onions lower total serum Triglycerides levels. research
Respiratory System
Onions alleviate Asthma (by inhibiting the production of compounds that cause
the bronchial spasms associated with Asthma and by relaxing the bronchial
muscles). research
Onions facilitate the elimination of excessive Mucous from the body.
Onion (poultice wrapped around the neck) alleviates Pharyngitis (sore throat).
Skin
Onions (boiled and mashed and then applied topically) draws out the toxins from
Boils (according to folklore).
Onion (juice applied topically to the Scalp) improves circulation to the Scalp.
Onion (juice applied topically to the affected area) treats Tinea (Ringworm).
Onion (pulp used as a poultice, applied topically and changed every day) can
eliminate Ingrown Toe Nails.
Onion inhibits the Lipoxygenase pathway of Arachidonic Acid metabolism which
is implicated in Psoriasis.
Onions Counteract these Potentially Toxic Substances
Proteins
Onions increase the breakdown of Fibrin by facilitating the process of
fibrinolysis.
Onions Contain these Substances
(mg of Substance per 100 grams)
Amino Acids: 1,400 Phenylalanine
39
Isoleucine 21
Leucine
37
Valine 31
Methionine 13
Tryptophan 21
Threonine 22
Lysine 64
Tyrosine
46
Arginine
180
Histidine
14
Carnitine
Cysteine
Carbohydrates:
Pectin
Fructooligosaccharides
Enzymes:
Alliinase
Minerals:
Calcium 136 Germanium
Nucleosides:
Adenosine
Phenolic Acids:
Caffeic Acid
Ellagic Acid
Sinapic Acid
Polyphenols:
Quercetin
Prostaglandins:
Onions are one of the only foods that contain
Prostaglandin E1 research
Sulfuric Compounds:
Allyl Propyl Disulfide
Glucosinolates:
Allyl Isothiocyanate
Vitamins:
Vitamin C
Other:
Saponins
Diphenylamine
Onions Inhibit these Potentially Toxic Substances
Lipids
Onions inhibit the manufacture of detrimental Prostaglandin E2 (due to Onions'
Prostaglandin E1 and Quercetin content).
Onions inhibit Thromboxane A2.
Potential Toxic Effects of Onions
Food Poisoning
Onions are prone to contamination by Aflatoxin produced from Aspergillus
parasiticus in incorrectly stored Onions.
Food Processing Techniques
Onions are often subjected to Food Irradiation in order to inhibit their sprouting
potential - Food Irradiation has various toxic effects on the body.
Immune System
Onions cause Food Allergies in some people.
Nervous System
Onions trigger Migraines in some people.
Grapefruit
The Grapefruit is a Citrus Fruit from the evergreen Grapefruit Tree.
Botanical Name
Citrus paradisi
The Grapefruit is from the Citrus (Rue) (Rutaceae) family.
Health Benefits of Grapefruit
Cardiovascular System
Grapefruit reduces the accumulation of Atherosclerotic Plaque in Atherosclerosis
patients (due to Grapefruit Pectin).
Grapefruit normalizes Hematocrit (blood thickness) levels (i.e. it raises low
Hematocrit levels, lowers elevated Hematocrit levels and has no effect on normal
Hematocrit levels) - this effect occurs due to Grapefruit's Naringin content.
research
Grapefruit helps to prevent Ischemic Heart Disease (by lowering Blood
Hematocrit levels, thereby lowering the viscosity of the Blood).
Grapefruit promotes the elimination of old Red Blood Cells (due to Naringin).
Digestive System
Grapefruit (juice) increases Appetite.
Grapefruit (juice consumed in morning) alleviates Constipation.
Grapefruit (juice) improves Digestion by increasing the flow of Gastric Juices.
Immune System
Grapefruit protects against some forms of Cancer (due to the Grapefruit Pectin
and D-Glucaric Acid content of Grapefruit):
Grapefruit inhibits the growth of the cells involved in Breast Cancer (due
to the Naringenin content of Grapefruit).
Grapefruit helps to prevent Lung Cancer (primarily due to the Naringin
content of Grapefruit).
Grapefruit inhibits the metastasis of Melanoma (due to the Naringin and
Naringenin content of Grapefruit).
Grapefruit helps to prevent Pancreatic Cancer.
Grapefruit (juice) helps to reduce Fever.
Metabolism
Grapefruit lowers serum Cholesterol levels (due to the Galacturonic Acid and
Grapefruit Pectin content of Grapefruit).
Grapefruit (juice) alleviates Obesity.
Nervous System
Grapefruit (juice consumed at night) promotes Sleep and alleviates Insomnia.
Respiratory System
Grapefruit are an adjunct to the treatment of the Common Cold.
Grapefruit (especially juice) alleviates Coughs.
Grapefruit (especially juice) alleviates Pharyngitis (Sore Throat).
Skin
Grapefruit (juice) improves the complexion of the Skin.
Grapefruit Enhances the Function of these Substances
Grapefruit Juice increases the absorption, bioavailability and potency of
numerous nutrients and Pharmaceutical Drugs (due to the Naringin content of
Grapefruit temporarily blocking the pathways in the Liver through which these
substances are normally metabolized): research
In the case of Pharmaceutical Drugs, this aspect of Grapefruit juice is
undesirable where Grapefruit
-juice-prolonged activity/concentration/potency of the Pharmaceutical Drug may
result in toxicity.
Alkaloids
When Caffeine is consumed at the same time as Grapefruit (especially Grapefruit
juice), the oral clearance of Caffeine is decreased by 23% and the elimination
half-life of Caffeine is increased by 31%. research
Pharmaceutical Drugs
When Cyclosporine is consumed in conjunction with Grapefruit (especially
Grapefruit Juice), its absorption rate increases significantly (by up to 220%).
research
When Felodipine (Plendil) is consumed in conjunction with Grapefruit
(especially Grapefruit Juice), its absorption rate increases from 20% to 40% (i.e.
persons who have been prescribed Felodipine may need to reduce their dosage of
Felodipine if they consume Grapefruit Juice concurrently with Felodipine).
When HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (such as Lovastatin) are consumed in
conjunction with Grapefruit juice, their blood concentrations are increased by up
to 15-fold. Such increases are dangerous. research
When Saquinavar is consumed in conjunction with Grapefruit (especially
Grapefruit Juice), its absorption rate increases significantly (by up to 220%).
research
Grapefruit Contains these Substances
(mg of Substance per 100 grams)
Amino Acids:
Glutathione 70
Hydroxy Methylbutyrate (HMB)
Carbohydrates:
Fructose
2,500 Galacturonic Acid
Grapefruit Pectin
D-Glucaric Acid
Carotenoids:
Lycopene * 3.4
Beta-Carotene
1.3
Enzymes:
Pectase **
Minerals:
Magnesium
Potassium
Organic Acids:
Citric Acid
Glycyrrhetinic Acid
Polyphenols:
Naringin
Naringenin
Quercetin
Vitamins:
Inositol
Vitamin B1
Vitamin C
38
Volatile Oils:
Citral
*
Lycopene is only present in Pink Grapefruit.
**
Found in the Pith of Grapefruit
The characteristically bitter taste of Grapefruit is attributable to Naringin.
Contraindications
Digestive System
Colitis patients should not consume Grapefruit.
Gastric Ulcer patients should not consume Grapefruit.
Pineapple
Description
The Pineapple is a type of Tropical Fruit.
Botanical Names
Ananas comosus Ananas sativus
Both species of Pineapple belong to the Pineapple (Bromeliaceae) family.
Health Benefits of Pineapple
Cardiovascular System
Pineapple alleviates Angina (due to Bromelain).
Pineapple helps to treat and prevent Atherosclerosis (by breaking down the
Atherosclerotic Plaque that underlies Atherosclerosis).
Pineapple may inhibit further abnormal Blood Clotting that may cause a second
Heart Attack (due to Bromelain).
Pineapple helps to prevent and treat Cardiovascular Diseases (due to its ability to
inhibit Fibrinogen, the chemical that can cause the abnormal Blood Clotting that
underlies most Cardiovascular Diseases) (due to Bromelain).
Digestive System
Pineapple facilitates the digestion of dietary Proteins (due to Bromelain, a
Proteolytic (Protein-dissolving) Enzyme).
Immune System
Pineapple helps to prevent and treat some types of Cancer (due to the Bromelain
and Peroxidases content of Pineapple).
Pineapple helps to reduce Inflammation (due to its Bromelain content).
Musculoskeletal System
Pineapple minimizes the Inflammation that occurs during Rheumatoid Arthritis
(due to the Bromelain content of Pineapple).
Water & Water Balance
Pineapple alleviates Edema (due to Bromelain).
Pineapple Enhances these Substances
Second Messengers
Pineapple increases the body's Cyclic AMP levels (due to its Bromelain content).
Pineapple Inhibits these Substances
Hormones
Pineapple inhibits Platelet Aggregating Factor (PAF) (due to Bromelain).
Neuropeptides
Pineapple lowers tissue and serum Bradykinin levels (due to the Bromelain
content of Pineapple).
Pineapples Contain these Substances
(mg of Substance per 100 grams)
Amino Acids:
Tyramine
Carbohydrates:
Mannitol
Enzymes:
Bromelain
Peroxidase
Minerals:
Copper
Manganese
Potassium
Selenium
Organic Acids:
Citric Acid
Vitamins:
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Other:
Protease Inhibitors
Potentially Toxic Effects of Pineapple
Immune System Pineapple is a common cause of Food Allergies (due to its
Tyramine content).
Papaya
The Papaya is a soft-wooded palm-like evergreen tree that bears a large green
tropical fruit.
Botanical Name
Carica papaya
The Papaya is from the Caricaceae family.
Health Benefits of Papaya
Immune System
Papaya (green, unripened) inhibits several types of Detrimental Bacteria. Species
of Bacteria inhibited by Papaya include:
Bacillus subtilis research
Enterobacter cloacae research
Eschericia coli research
Proteus vulgaris
Metabolism
Papaya lowers serum Triglycerides levels (probably due to the Papain content of
Papaya). research
Skin
Papaya (ointment applied topically) alleviates Hives.
Papaya (ointment applied topically) alleviates external Skin Ulcers.
Papaya Enhances the Function of these Substances
Enzymes
Papaya increases the activity of Glutathione-S-Transferase. peer-reviewed
research
Papaya Contains these Substances
(mg of Substance per 100 grams)
Amino Acids: Alanine
140 Arginine
10,000
Aspartic Acid 490
Carotenoids: Beta-Carotene
0.099 Lutein
Lycopene
Alpha-Carotene
Zeaxanthin
Cryptoxanthin
0.47
Enzymes:
Chymopapain
Papain *
Phenolic Acids:
Ellagic Acid
Vitamins:
Vitamin C
56
Other: Beta-Ocimene
*
Ripened Papaya contains very little Papain.
Green (unripened) Papaya contains far more Papain than ripened Papaya.
research
Dosage Recommendations
The manufacturers of (green) Papaya supplements recommend a daily dosage of
1,200 mg for therapeutic purposes.
Guggolsterones or Guggol
Guggulsterones are a group of Plant-derived Steroids derived from Guggulipid.
Health Benefits of Guggulsterones
Guggulsterones are responsible for most of the Health Benefits attributed to
Guggulipid extract.
Cardiovascular System
Guggulsterones help to prevent Atherosclerosis.
Metabolism
Guggulsterones possesses Antioxidant properties.
Guggulsterones lowers elevated serum Cholesterol levels (by stimulating the
function of the Thyroid, inhibiting the endogenous production of Cholesterol and
facilitating the excretion of Cholesterol). research
Guggulsterones alleviates Hypothyroidism (by stimulating the production of
Thyroid Hormones).
Guggulsterones stimulate the Thyroid (to increase the production of Thyroid
Hormones).
Guggulsterones lower elevated serum Triglyceride levels (by stimulating the
production of Thyroid Hormones).
Guggulsterones Enhance the Function of these Substances
Hormones
Guggulsterones enhance the production and secretion of Thyroid Hormones (
Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine).
Minerals
Guggulsterones facilitate the uptake of Iodine into the Thyroid.
Dietary Source of Guggulsterones
Herbs
The primary source of Guggulsterones is Guggulipid Extract (i.e. the Gum extract
of either of two species of Myrrh - Commiphora mukul and Commiphora wightii
species).
Dosage Recommendations
The usual therapeutic dosage of Guggulsterones is 25 mg taken three times per
day = 75 mg per day.
Commercial Availability of Guggulsterones
Oral Guggulipid Products
Guggulsterones are the priniciple active ingredient in Guggulipid Extract (known
also as Guggal or Gugulipid) supplenents. Many Guggulipid supplements are
standardized to contain up to 3% Guggulsterones (e.g. 12 mg per Guggulipid
Extract capsule).
Description
Guggulipid is an Indian Herb that is commonly utilized in Ayurvedic Medicine.
Botanical Names Commiphora mukul Commiphora wightii (also known as
Commiphora wightii) Both species of Guggulipid belong to the Torchwood
(Burseraceae) family.
Part Used
Dried, yellow/red Oleo-Gum-Resin (a mixture of Volatile Oils, Gums and Resins)
extracted from incisions made in the bark of 5-year-or-older Myrrh Trees [this
extract is commonly known as Guggal Extract or Gugulipid Extract].
Health Benefits of Guggulipid
Cardiovascular System
Guggulipid helps to prevent Atherosclerosis.
Metabolism
Guggulipid possesses Antioxidant properties.
Guggulipid lowers elevated serum Cholesterol levels (by stimulating the function
of the Thyroid, inhibiting the endogenous production of Cholesterol and
facilitating the excretion of Cholesterol): peer-reviewed research
Guggulipid lowers serum LDL Cholesterol levels.
Guggulipid alleviates Hypothyroidism (by stimulating the production of Thyroid
Hormones by the Thyroid gland).
Guggulipid helps to prevent Insulin Resistance.
Guggulipid facilitates weight loss in persons afflicted with Obesity (by stimulating
the production of Thyroid Hormones).
Guggulipid stimulates the Thyroid to increase the production of Thyroid
Hormones.
Guggulipid lowers elevated serum Triglyceride levels (by stimulating the
production of Thyroid Hormones).
Musculoskeletal System
Guggulipid has a drying effect (i.e. it functions as an astringent) on Mucous
Membranes.
Respiratory System
Guggulipid (tincture used as a gargle) alleviates Pharyngitis (Sore Throat).
Guggulipid Enhances the Function of these Substances
Hormones
Guggulipid stimulates the production of Thyroxine (T4) (due to Guggulsterones).
Guggulipid stimulates the production of Triiodothyronine (T3) (due to
Guggulsterones).
Minerals
Guggulipid enhances the uptake of Iodine into the Thyroid.
Neurotransmitters
Guggulipid increases the body's production of Dopamine.
Guggulipid Contains these Substances
(mg of substance per 100 grams)
Bitter Principles:
Fatty Acids:
Acetic Acid
Formic Acid
Gums: 60,000
Lignans:
Lipids:
Terpenes:
Monoterpenes
Diterpenes
Sequiterpenes
Steroids:
Guggulsterones:
E-Guggulsterone
Z-Guggulsterone
Resins:
30,000
Volatile Oils: 5,000 M-cresol
Eugenol
Heerabolone
Dosage Recommendations
Most herbalists recommend the tincture equivalent of 1 - 3 grams of Guggulipid
per day for therapeutic purposes (this equates to 10 ml of 1:5 or 5 ml of 1:2
Guggulipid tincture per day). In order to derive the therapeutic benefits of
Guggulipid , it is generally recommended that its extract be supplemented at a
level that will deliver 75 - 100 mg of Guggulsterones per day (in divided dosages).
For a product standardized to contain 5% Guggulsterones this would equate to a
daily dosage of 1,500 - 2,000 mg per day.
Piperine ( black pepper )
Description
Piperine is a type of Amide that is manufactured synthetically as a flavoring agent and is
also naturally present in some foods.
Toxic Effects of Piperine
Immune System
Excessive consumption of Piperine can cause Cancer. (140 grams of pepper =
about a table spoon and a half)
Piperine Enhances the Function of these Substances
Low doses of Piperine have been found to greatly enhance the absorption and
bioavailability of most Nutrients and Drugs (by inhibiting Enzymes in the Liver
that normally metabolize various Nutrients and Drugs). This increased
absorption of other nutrients varies from a 30% to a 250% increase. Nutrients
with increased bioavailability in the presence of Piperine include:
Beta-Carotene (60% increased bioavailability)
Curcumin (2000% (twenty-fold) increased bioavailability) research
Diindolylmethane (DIM)
Methoxyflavone research
Selenium (30% increased bioavailability)
Vitamin B6 (62% increased bioavailability)
Dietary Sources of Piperine
Alcoholic Beverages:
Synthetically manufactured Piperine is used as
a pungent flavoring agent in Brandy.
Herbs:
Pepper (Piper nigrum)
Long Pepper (Piper longum)
Dosage Recommendations
The usual recommended dosage of Piperine for enhancing the absorption of other
nutrients/drugs is 5 mg consumed together with the relevant compound.
Cayenne Pepper
Also known as: Cayenne; Chile; Chili; Chili Pepper; Chilli Pepper; Hot Pepper;
Red Pepper; Tabasco Pepper
Description
The Chilli is a small, "hot" pepper commonly used as a Spice. Paprika is a
(milder) variety of Chilli.
Botanical Names
Capsicum annum
Capsicum frutescens
Capsicum minimum
Chillis are from the Nightshade (Solanaceae) family.
Part Used Fruit and (sometimes) the Seeds
Health Benefits of Chillis
Cardiovascular System
Chillis improve Blood Circulation. research
Chilli helps to prevent abnormal Blood Clotting (due to the Capsaicin component
of Chillis stimulating the breakdown of Fibrin (i.e. by stimulating fibrinolysis)).
research
Chillis lowers systemic Blood Pressure.
Chilli (ointment applied topically to the site of the Chilblain) alleviates the
symptoms of Chilblains.
Chillis alleviates Ventricular Fibrillation (due to the Capsaicin content of Chillis).
Digestive System
Chillis protect the Gastric Mucosa from the toxic effects of Aspirin and Alcohol
(due to Capsaicin). research
Chillis helps to alleviate Heartburn. research
Chillis treat and help to prevent Peptic Ulcers:
Chillis treat and help to prevent Duodenal Ulcers. research
Chillis accelerate the healing of Gastric Ulcers. research
Excretory System
Chillis induce Perspiration (i.e. they function as a diaphoretic).
Hair
Chillis (applied topically by rubbing into the Scalp) may stimulate some regrowth
of Hair in persons afflicted with Male Pattern Baldness (by stimulating the
release of Histamine in the Scalp which can stimulate Cell division).
Immune System
Chilli inhibits some types of Detrimental Bacteria (due to the Capsaicin and
Dihydrocapsaicin content of Chilli):
Chilli inhibits Bacillus cereus.
Chilli inhibits Bacillus subtilis. research
Chilli inhibits Clostridium tetani. research
Chilli inhibits Eschericia coli. research
Chilli inhibits Streptococcus pyogenes. research
Metabolism
Chillis increases the body's Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) (due to the Capsaicin
content of Chillis). research
Chillis lower serum Cholesterol levels (due to the Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin
content of Chillis): research
Chillis inhibit the body's absorption of dietary Cholesterol (due to
Capsaicin).
Chillis increase the excretion of Cholesterol via the feces (due to
Capsaicin).
Chillis alleviate Fatigue.
Chilli increases body temperature in persons with Low Body Temperature
(possibly due to the Capsaicin content of Chilli increasing the production of
Interleukin 1).
Chillis facilitate weight reduction in persons afflicted with Obesity (due to the
Capsaicin content of Chillis increasing the body's Basal Metabolic Rate,
stimulating the process of thermogenesis and by stimulating the process of
lipolysis.
Chillis stimulate the Thyroid.
Chillis lower serum Triglyceride levels (due to the Capsaicin and
Dihydrocapsaicin content of Chillis).
Musculoskeletal System
Chillis counteract the Inflammation associated with Arthritis.
Chillis facilitate the elimination of excessive Mucous from the body (due to
Capsaicin).
Nervous System
Chillis are beneficial for the relief of Pain: research
Chillis stimulate the release of Endorphins (which are released by the body
in order to block the pain of Capsaicin contained in Chilli).
Respiratory System
Chillis alleviate Asthma by helping to clear the Respiratory Passages and by
inhibiting bronchoconstriction.
Chillis help to prevent the onset of (chronic) Bronchitis and assist the
management of existing Bronchitis.
Chillis act as a decongestant for the Common Cold.
Chillis alleviate the symptoms of Emphysema (due to their decongestant
properties).
Chillis clear excessive Mucous from the Lungs.
Chillis alleviate Sinusitis by clearing the Sinuses.
Chillis Enhance the Function of these Substances
Lipids
Chilli enhances the secretion of Prostaglandin F1 alpha (due to the Capsaicin
content of Chilli).
Chillis Counteract these Potentially Toxic Substances
Lipids
Chilli inhibits Leukotriene B4 (due to the Capsaicin content of Chilli).
Chilli inhibits Leukotriene C4 (due to the Capsaicin content of Chilli).
Chilli inhibits Prostaglandin E2 (due to the Capsaicin content of Chilli).
Pharmaceutical Drugs
Chillis protect the Gastric Mucosa from the toxic effects of Aspirin (due to
Capsaicin). research
Proteins
Chillis lower Fibrinogen (which, in excess, is implicated in abnormal Blood
Clotting) levels. research
Recreational Drugs
Chillis protect the Gastric Mucosa from the toxic effects of Alcohol (due to
Capsaicin).
Chillis Contain these Substances
(mg of Substance per 100 grams)
Although many of Chilli's benefits are attributed to its constituent Capsaicin,
scientific studies have proven that whole Chillis are more effective than isolated
Capsaicin for the therapeutic benefits listed above.
Alkaloids:
Capsaicinoids *:
700 Capsaicin
400
Dihydrocapsaicin 200
Homocapsaicin
33
Homodihydrocapsaicin
33
Nordihydrocapsaicin
34
Carotenoids:
Capsanthin
Capsorubin
Lipids:
Steroid Saponins:
Capsicidins
Vitamins:
Vitamin C
Volatile Oils:
*
Responsible for the burning sensation caused by the consumption of
Chillis.
Capsicidins are found in Chilli Seeds and Chilli Root only.
Dosage Recommendations
The usual therapeutic dosage of Chillis (capsules) is 2,700 - 4,100 mg per day.
Myths Dispelled
Digestive System
Chillis do NOT damage the Stomach or Intestines (to prove this, researchers
sprayed liquid Chilli directly onto a human Stomach and observed absolutely no
damage to the Stomach or its linings).
Tumeric
Also known as: Indian Saffron; Yellow Ginger
Description
Turmeric is a perennial Herb that is often used for culinary purposes as a spice.
Botanical Name
Curcuma longa Turmeric is from the Ginger (Zingiberacea) family.
Parts Used Root/rhizome
Health Benefits of Turmeric
Most of the Health Benefits attributable to Turmeric occur as a result of its
Curcumin content.
Cardiovascular System
Turmeric inhibits abnormal Blood Clotting (by inhibiting Platelet Aggregation
and by lowering elevated Fibrinogen levels).
Cells
Turmeric stimulates Apoptosis in some types of Cancer Cells (due to the
Curcumin content of Turmeric).
Digestive System
Turmeric stimulates the flow of Bile (due to Curcumin and Tolymethylcarbinol).
Turmeric helps to prevent Gallstones (due to the Curcumin content of Turmeric
stimulating the flow of Bile and stimulating contractions of the Gallbladder).
Turmeric strengthens the Gastric Mucosa (lining of the Stomach Wall).
Turmeric helps to prevent and treat Peptic Ulcers:
Turmeric helps to prevent and treat Duodenal Ulcers.
Turmeric helps to prevent and treat Gastric Ulcers.
Turmeric (2,000 mg per day) alleviates Indigestion.
Immune System
Turmeric helps to prevent some forms of Cancer: research
Turmeric helps to prevent Colon Cancer (due to Curcumin).
Turmeric helps to prevent Duodenal Cancer (due to Curcumin).
Turmeric helps to prevent Mouth Cancer. research
Turmeric helps to prevent Stomach Cancer (due to Curcuminoids).
Turmeric stimulates Apoptosis in some types of Cancer Cells (due to the
Curcumin content of Turmeric).
Turmeric reduces Inflammation (due to the Curcuminoids and Turmerin content
of Turmeric). research
Turmeric helps to prevent Leukoplakia from progressing to Mouth Cancer.
research
Metabolism
Turmeric contains various substances that possess Antioxidant properties:
research
Turmeric scavenges Hydroxyl Free Radicals (due to the Turmerin content
of Turmeric). research
Turmeric scavenges Superoxide Free Radicals (due to the Turmerin
content of Turmeric).
Turmeric lowers serum Cholesterol levels (due to Curcumin).
Turmeric helps to reverse the Liver damage caused by Aflatoxin
Musculoskeletal System
Turmeric alleviates the Inflammation associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis (due
to Tolymethylcarbinol).
Nervous System
Curcumin helps to prevent and treat Alzheimer's Disease (due to the ability of
Curcumin to counteract the toxic effects of Amyloid-Beta Protein). r
Turmeric inhibits the further progression of Multiple Sclerosis (due to the
Curcumin content of Turmeric).
Turmeric Enhances the Function of these Substances
Immune System Cytokines
Turmeric stimulates the production of Interleukin 4 (due to Curcumin).
Lipids
Turmeric enhances the secretion of Prostaglandin F1 alpha (due to the Curcumin
content of Turmeric).
Turmeric Counteracts the Toxic Effects of these Substances
Enzymes
Turmeric inhibits Cyclooxygenase-2 (due to the Curcumin content of Turmeric).
research
Hormones
Turmeric inhibits Platelet Aggregating Factor (PAF) (due to the Curcumin
content of Turmeric).
Lipids
Turmeric inhibits Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (due to the Curcumin content of
Turmeric).
Turmeric inhibits Thromboxane A2 (due to the Curcumin content of Turmeric).
Microorganisms
Turmeric helps to reverse the Liver damage caused by Aflatoxin. research
Proteins
Turmeric lowers elevated Fibrinogen levels.
Turmeric inihibits Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (due to the Curcumin content of
Turmeric).
Recreational Drugs
Turmeric counteracts some of the toxic effects associated with Tobacco smoking
(by neutralizing the carcinogenic compounds in Tobacco smoke).
Turmeric Contains these Substances
Lipids:
Monoterpenes:
Borneol
Cineol
Sesquiterpenes:
Minerals:
Potassium
Polyphenols:
Phenolic Acids:
Curcumin
Curcumin II
Curcumin III
Vitamins:
Vitamin C
Volatile Oils:
Tolymethylcarbinol
Phellandrene
Sabinene
Turmerone
Zingiberene
Other:
Turmerin
Commercial Usage of Turmeric
Food Processing Methods
Turmeric is often employed as a natural (orange/yellow) Coloring Agent in the
manufacture of Processed Foods.
Dosage Recommendations
Researchers have concluded that 500 - 2,000 mg of Turmeric per day would
provide the health benefits listed above.