Download Video: Seedless Plants (18 min) After Viewing 1. Why are plants and

Video: Seedless Plants (18 min)
After Viewing
1. Why are plants and algae called producers? [Because they contain
chlorophyll. In the presence of sunlight, chlorophyll enables
plants and algae to produce the food they need.]
2. From where does the energy that all organisms must have
originate? [the sun]
3. What are some fuels that come from plants? [wood, kerosene,
coal, and oil]
4. Coal and oil were formed from plants that died millions of years
ago. These materials are called ________ . [fossil fuels]
5. In what other way are photosynthetic organisms important to us?
[They produce the oxygen in the air we breathe.]
6. How did the first plants originate? [The first plants probably
evolved from green algae that washed from the ocean onto the
shore.]
7. For plants, what was the advantage of living on land? [There was
more sunlight that was needed for photosynthesis. Also, the land
was empty and not as crowded as the ocean; as a result, there was
less competition from other organisms.]
8. Name the structures that anchor plants to the soil. [roots]
9. Where is most of a plant’s chlorophyll located? [in its leaves]
10. What plant structure connects its leaves to its roots? [the stem]
11. The ________ is the waxy, waterproof coating on a plant’s leaves
and stems that prevents its cells from drying out. [cuticle]
12. Plants have tiny openings, or pores, on their cuticles. Why are
these pores important? [These pores allow the exchange of carbon
dioxide and oxygen to take place; this exchange is necessary to
the process of photosynthesis.]
13. What does bryophyte mean? [moss plant]
14. How are bryophytes different from other plants? [They do not
have a vascular system.]
15. What is the function of a vascular system? [A vascular system
moves water and minerals that are absorbed by the roots to all
other parts of a plant.]
16. How do bryophytes and other nonvascular plants obtain the
water and minerals they need? [They absorb water and minerals
directly into each cell; these materials move slowly, by diffusion,
from cell to cell throughout the entire plant.]
17. The groups of specialized cells that make up a plant are called
________ . [tissues]
18. How do bryophytes stay anchored to the ground? [by rootlike
structures called rhizoids]
19. What is a generation? [It is the time period from when an organism
is first formed to the time when it reproduces.]
20. Define alternation of generations. [Alternation of generations is a
type of life cycle in which a gamete-producing generation alternates
with a spore-producing generation.]
21. _______ are the female gametes produced by a gametophyte. [eggs]
22. _______ are the male gametes produced by a gametophyte. [sperm]
23. In seedless plants, what must be present for a sperm to reach an egg?
Why? [Water must be present so the sperm can swim to the egg.]
24. When a sperm joins with, or fertilizes, an egg, the resulting cell is
the ______ . [zygote]
25. The zygote of a moss plant grows to become a spore-producing
plant, or a _______ . [sporophyte]
26. By what process are the spores inside the capsule of a sporophyte
produced? [meiosis]
27. Into what kind of plants do moss spores develop? [gameteproducing
gametophytes]
28. In what two ways are horsetails different from mosses? [Horsetails
have a vascular system; in addition, the actual horsetail plant is a
sporophyte, not a gametophyte like the moss plant.]
29. Horsetails and ferns produce spores that grow to be tiny ________ .
[gametophytes]
30. What are the leaves of ferns called? [fronds]
31. Where on most fern plants are the spores produced? [on the
underside of the fronds]