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Astro 10/Harpell Quiz 4 For Questions 1 – 5, Complete the following sentences using the letter for the correct terms from the list below: a. accelerating, center b. Copernicus, Kepler c. Galileo, Newton d. direction, inertia e. moves, Geocentric 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. During the year 1542____________ died and ________________ was born. In his study of Motion, Galileo found that objects moving in circular orbits were also _____________ towards the ___________ of the circle. when Newton said “If I have seen further than most men, I was standing upon the shoulders of Giants” he could have been referring to Galileo, __________, ____________, and Tyco Brahe. Newton’s first law of motion states that and object will have constant speed and ______________ if no external Force acts upon it. This also known as the law of _________________ Before being put under house arrest for the rest of his life, Galileo pointed his middle finger to the heavens and said “still it __________ ,” referring to the motion of the Earth about the sun, in spite of the church doctrine of a ____________ universe. 6. Why doesn’t the astronaut shown here fall to the Earth? a. actually, he is freefalling towards the earth, but his velocity is perpendicular to his acceleration. b. Because the rocket pack he is wearing allows him to hover above the Earth. c. Because he is actually attached by a very thin wire to the space shuttle, which is dragging him along. d. actually, he is falling and will hit the atmosphere and burn up in a few minutes unless rescued. Help! 7. If you walk all the way around Campus, how much energy do you use? a) About 1 Joule b) About 1 calorie c) About 1 watt d) About 1 million joules For Questions 8 – 12, Complete the following sentences using the letter for the correct terms from the list below. Most refer to the image below. a. inverse square, distance c. Newton, Universal Gravitation e. Weight, Earth’s radius b. gravitational, Tidal d. Poles, Equator __________ ‘s mathematical explanation of the force of attraction between two masses is known as the law of ________________ . 9. The Force of attraction between the two masses above depends on the _______________ of the ________________ between them. 10. If M1 was the Earth, and M2 represented your instructor, then the force of attraction between M 1 and M2 would equal your instructor’s __________ as long as the distance d equals the _____________ . 11. Because of the spin of the Earth, you would weigh about a half pound more at the ___________ than the _______________ 12. The difference in _______________ force between the front and back sides of a planet is known as a ____________ force. 8. For Questions 13 - 17, Complete the following sentences using the letter for the correct terms from the list below: a. centripetal, inwards b. centrifugal, outwards c. tangent , straight d. velocity, radius e. inertia, centrifugal Note: you can use the same choice more than once! 13. In the image at right, the force acting on the object is ________________ because it acts __________. 14, The acceleration of the object is __________ because it is ______________ 15. The angular momentum of the object is equal to the mass times the ____________ and the ____________. 16. the velocity of the object is _____________ to the circle, so that if the force was suddenly “stopped” the object would move in a ________ line. 17. If the mass m was a school bus making a very fast turn with a small radius, your _______ would carry you outwards relative to the bus, making you think that a __________ force was acting on you. . For Questions 18 – 21, Complete the following sentences using the letter for the correct terms from the list below: a. orbital radius , spin rate b. constant, torque c. friction, increase d. radius, increased e. Force, mass 18. the ice skater at right spins faster because her angular momentum is _____________, meaning that no net ____________ acts on her as she pulls in her arms. 19. Since the average ______________ of the particles in her arms decreases, her ____________ must increase to keep her angular momentum the same. 20. for the Earth Moon system, the Earth’s spin rate is slowing down by a about 17 microseconds per year due to ____________ between the tidal bulges and the ocean bottom, resulting in an ____________ in the moons orbital distance of about 38 millimeters per year. 21. the 8.8 magnitude Chilean Earthquake of 2010 increased the length of a day on Earth by about 1.26 milliseconds. This means the Earth’s average ___________ must have ___________by a few meters. For Questions 22 – 25, Complete the following sentences using the letter for the correct terms from the list below: A Starry Messenger , Simplitico b. sunspots, Jovian moons c. angular size, full d. radius, increased e. Sun, Earth 22. Galileo’s observation of the phases of Venus, showed that the planet orbited the _______ and not the _______. 23. Galileo was able to come to the conclusion above because the phases always varied with the ________ of the planet in the same way, with the __________ phase always the smallest. 24. Using the first astronomical telescope of his own invention, Galileo showed that there were ___________ and ____________ not orbiting the Earth contrary to the teachings of Plato and the Church. 25. Galileo’s famous book The________________ got him put under house arrest, partly because it was written in Italian, rather than Latin, and partly because the character representing the Church's point of view named _____________ was insulting to the Vatican.