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Astro 10/Harpell
Quiz 4
For Questions 1 – 5, Complete the following sentences using the letter for the correct terms from the list below:
a. accelerating, center
b. Copernicus, Kepler
c. Galileo, Newton
d. direction, inertia
e. moves, Geocentric
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
During the year 1542____________ died and ________________ was born.
In his study of Motion, Galileo found that objects moving in circular orbits were also _____________ towards the
___________ of the circle.
when Newton said “If I have seen further than most men, I was standing upon the shoulders of Giants” he could have
been referring to Galileo, __________, ____________, and Tyco Brahe.
Newton’s first law of motion states that and object will have constant speed and ______________ if no external Force
acts upon it. This also known as the law of _________________
Before being put under house arrest for the rest of his life, Galileo pointed his middle finger to the heavens and said
“still it __________ ,” referring to the motion of the Earth about the sun, in spite of the church doctrine of a
____________ universe.
6. Why doesn’t the astronaut shown here
fall to the Earth?
a. actually, he is freefalling towards the earth,
but his velocity is perpendicular to his
acceleration.
b. Because the rocket pack he is wearing
allows him to hover above the Earth.
c. Because he is actually attached by a very
thin wire to the space shuttle, which is dragging him
along.
d. actually, he is falling and will hit the
atmosphere and burn up in a few minutes unless
rescued. Help!
7. If you walk all the way around Campus, how much energy do you use?
a) About 1 Joule
b) About 1 calorie c) About 1 watt d) About 1 million joules
For Questions 8 – 12, Complete the following sentences using the letter for the correct terms from the list below. Most refer to
the image below.
a. inverse square, distance
c. Newton, Universal Gravitation
e. Weight, Earth’s radius
b. gravitational, Tidal
d. Poles, Equator
__________ ‘s mathematical explanation of the force of attraction between two masses is known as the law of
________________ .
9. The Force of attraction between the two masses above depends on the _______________ of the ________________
between them.
10. If M1 was the Earth, and M2 represented your instructor, then the force of attraction between M 1 and M2 would equal
your instructor’s __________ as long as the distance d equals the _____________ .
11. Because of the spin of the Earth, you would weigh about a half pound more at the ___________ than the
_______________
12. The difference in _______________ force between the front and back sides of a planet is known as a ____________
force.
8.
For Questions 13 - 17, Complete the following sentences using the letter for the correct terms from the list below:
a. centripetal, inwards
b. centrifugal, outwards
c. tangent , straight
d. velocity, radius
e. inertia, centrifugal
Note: you can use the same choice more than once!
13. In the image at right, the force acting on the
object is ________________ because it acts
__________.
14, The acceleration of the object is
__________ because it is ______________
15. The angular momentum of the object is
equal to the mass times the ____________
and the ____________.
16. the velocity of the object is _____________
to the circle, so that if the force was
suddenly “stopped” the object would move
in a ________ line.
17. If the mass m was a school bus making a
very fast turn with a small radius, your
_______ would carry you outwards relative
to the bus, making you think that a
__________ force was acting on you.
.
For Questions 18 – 21, Complete the following sentences using the letter for the correct terms from the list below:
a. orbital radius , spin rate
b. constant, torque
c. friction, increase
d. radius, increased
e. Force, mass
18. the ice skater at right spins faster because her angular
momentum is _____________, meaning that no net
____________ acts on her as she pulls in her arms.
19. Since the average ______________ of the particles in
her arms decreases, her ____________ must increase to
keep her angular momentum the same.
20. for the Earth Moon system, the Earth’s spin rate is slowing down by a about 17 microseconds per year due to
____________ between the tidal bulges and the ocean bottom, resulting in an ____________ in the moons orbital
distance of about 38 millimeters per year.
21. the 8.8 magnitude Chilean Earthquake of 2010 increased the length of a day on Earth by about 1.26 milliseconds.
This means the Earth’s average ___________ must have ___________by a few meters.
For Questions 22 – 25, Complete the following sentences using the letter for the correct terms from the list below:
A Starry Messenger , Simplitico
b. sunspots, Jovian moons
c. angular size, full
d. radius, increased
e. Sun, Earth
22. Galileo’s observation of the phases of Venus, showed that the planet orbited the _______ and not the _______.
23. Galileo was able to come to the conclusion above because the phases always varied with the ________ of the planet in
the same way, with the __________ phase always the smallest.
24. Using the first astronomical telescope of his own invention, Galileo showed that there were ___________ and
____________ not orbiting the Earth contrary to the teachings of Plato and the Church.
25. Galileo’s famous book The________________ got him put under house arrest, partly because it was written in Italian,
rather than Latin, and partly because the character representing the Church's point of view named _____________ was
insulting to the Vatican.