Download Study Guide: Final - Stamford High School

Civics Honors - Mr. MacLehose
Study Guide – Final/Midterm Exam
Your Final/Midterm will have three sections:
1) Multiple Choice Questions (worth about one-half of the midterm grade)
You will have approximately 100 questions based on the units we have studied to date. You should
review old study guides and notes for each unit.
1) Unit 1: Origins of U.S. Gov’t (Chs. 1 & 2)
2) Unit 2: Constitution & Federalism (Chs. 3 & 4)
a) Amendment project (see chart you completed in class)
3) Unit 3: Political Parties (Ch. 5)
4) Unit 4: Congress/Legislative (Chs. 10-11)
5) Unit 5: President/Executive (Ch. 13)
a) See PPT notes on 13.1-13.2 handed out in class
6) Unit 6: Supreme Court/Judicial (Ch. 18)
a) Landmark Supreme Court cases (see chart you completed in class)
b) See PPT notes on 18.1 and 18.2-18.3
2) Essay (worth about one-third of the midterm grade)
You will write the Naturalized Citizens for President essay. The packet was handed out in class and you
can reference it for the essay. You will need to bring in as many specific examples as possible and explain
your points in detail.
3) Primary Source Documents (worth about one-fifth of the midterm grade)
You will receive a packet of approximately 5-10 primary source documents with questions that will ask
you to interpret them.
Ch. 1.1 Government & the State (pp. 4-10)
1) purpose of government
2) government
3) public policies
4) legislative power
5) executive power
6) judicial power
7) constitution
8) dictatorship
9) democracy
10) state
11) characteristics of state
12) sovereign)
13) origins of state (esp. theories of gov’t origin)
14) major thinkers
Ch. 1.2 Forms of Government (pp. 12-16)
15) classifications of government
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
democracy – direct vs. representative democracy
dictatorship
autocracy
oligarchy
unitary government
federal government
division of powers
confederate government
presidential government
parliamentary government
Ch. 1.3 Basic Concepts of Government (pp. 18-22)
27) Concepts of democracy
27) individual freedom
28) free enterprise system
29) law of supply & demand
30) mixed economy
31) regulation
32) internet
Ch. 2.1 Our Political Beginnings (pp. 28-32)
33) ordered government
34) limited government
35) representative government
36) Influences on U.S. gov’t - Magna Carta, Petition of Right, English Bill of Rights
37) Colonial American governments (esp. differences among royal, proprietary and charter/self-governing)
38) Bicameral vs. unicameral
Ch. 2.2 The Coming of Independence (pp. 34-39)
39) “salutary neglect” [NOTE: only in my class notes, not in text]
40) relationship b/w governor & colonial legislatures
41) tax issues
42) colonial unity (esp. Albany Plan, Stamp Act Congress, 1st & 2nd Continental Congresses)
43) boycott (esp. impact on British tax laws)
44) Declaration of Independence (see also pp. 40-43)
45) state constitutions (esp. where power lay)
46) popular sovereignty
Ch. 2.3 Critical Period (Articles of Confederation) (pp. 44-47)
47) Articles of Confederation (AOC)
48) ratification process
49) major features of AOC
50) powers of Congress
51) state debt
52) weaknesses of AOC
53) Shays’ Rebellion
54) Mount Vernon
55) Annapolis Convention
Ch. 2.4 Creating the Constitution (pp. 48-54)
56) Framers – ideas & major characteristics
57) secrecy of Convention - why? impact?
58) Virginia Plan (Large States Plan)
59) New Jersey Plan (Small States Plan)
60) Connecticut Compromise (esp. parts of VA & NJ Plans in CT Compromise)
61) Three-Fifths Compromise
62) Commerce & Slave Trade Compromise
63) role of compromise in formation of Constitution
Ch. 2.5 Ratifying the Constitution (pp. 56-58)
64) ratification process
65) Federalists (esp. Madison, Hamilton, Jay)
66) Anti-Federalists
67) significance of Virginian and New York’s ratification
68) Federalist Papers
69) new government
70) Quorum
Ch. 3.1 Six Basic Principles (pp. 64-70)
71) Structure of Constitution:
1) Preamble
2) Articles (1-7)
3) Amendments (1-27)
72) 6 basic principles of Constitution
1) Popular sovereignty
2) Limited government/rule of law)
3) Separation of powers
4) Checks and balances
5) Judicial review (esp. Marbury v. Madison)
6) Federalism
73) Unconstitutional (esp. in context of Marbury v. Madison)
Ch. 3.2 Formal Amendment (pp. 72-77)
74) Amendment
75) Formal Amendment Process – 4 methods, which is most common?
76) Proposed Amendments (six which were sent to states)
77) 27 Amendments – subject, reason (use worksheet from class)
1) Bill of Rights (1-10)
2) Reconstruction Amendments (13-15)
3) Progressive Amendments (16-19)
Ch. 3.3 Informal Amendment (pp. 79-82)
78) Informal amendment “process”
79) basic legislation (including expressed powers)
80) Executive action
a. executive agreement
b. treaty
81) court decisions
82) party policies (esp. Electoral College use)
83) custom
a. cabinet
b. senatorial courtesy
c. 2-term presidencies (before FDR & 22nd Amend.)
Ch. 4.1 Federalism: Division of Power (focus on Federal Issues) (pp. 88-95)
84) Federalism (why?)
85) division of powers
86) delegated powers
87) expressed powers
88) implied powers
89) inherent powers
90) powers denied to national gov’t
91) states
92) reserved powers
93) powers denied to states
94) exclusive powers
95) concurrent powers
96) local government
97) supremacy clause
98) “necessary & proper” clause (Article I Section 8, #18)
99) Supreme Court & federalism (esp. McCulloch v. Maryland)
100) Interstate commerce (esp. federal role)
Ch. 4.2 National Government & the 50 States (pp. 97-103)
NOTE: See handout/worksheet entitled “State Power: Got a Reservation”
101) States rights
102) Reserved powers (10th Amendment)
103) State vs. federal power
104) Extradition
105) Privileges & Immunities Clause
Ch. 5.1-5.4 (see notes and HW assignment)
106) Two-party system (pros and cons)
107) One party system (dictatorship)
108) Multi-party system (coalition gov’t)
109) George Washington’s warning
110) Brief history of previous two party systems in U.S.
1) Democratic-Republicans vs. Federalists (esp. founders and major ideas)
2) Democrats vs. Whigs (or National Republicans) (esp. key people and major ideas)
111) Two Major U.S. Parties currently
1) Democrats
2) Republicans
112) major beliefs of two current parties
113) “split” gov’t (esp. post-WWII)
114) control of Congress (rough years of each party since 1930’s)
115) 4 major eras of current 2-party system (1856-today)
116) incumbent
117) political machines
118) multi-candidate elections (what tends to happen? Why?)
119) third parties (single issues)
1) be familiar with larger 3rd parties
2) be familiar with issues and what tends to happen to 3rd parties
Ch. 11.1 Scope of Congressional Power (pp. 290-292)
120) Congressional Powers
1) expressed
2) implied
3) inherent
121) strict constructionist
122) loose (or liberal) constructionist
123) role of federal power today (greater or smaller than in past? why?)
Ch. 11.2 Expressed Powers of Money and Commerce (pp. 294-300)
NOTE: for this section and 11.3 be familiar with “Article I - Legislative Branch” paraphrase
124) tax powers
125) direct tax
126) indirect tax
127) borrowing powers
128) deficit spending
129) public debt (esp. changes in growth/reduction over time)
130) commerce powers
131) Gibbons v. Ogden
132) interstate trade
133) currency power
134) legal tender
135) specie vs. paper money
136) bankruptcy
Ch. 11.3 Other Expressed Powers (pp. 301-304)
NOTE: nice chart of peacetime vs. war powers of Congress on p. 302
137) foreign relations powers
138) war powers
139) naturalization
140) postal power
141) copyrights & patents
142) weights & measures
143) eminent domain
144) judicial powers (NOTE: Congress’ overseeing/creation of federal courts as opposed to powers of the
judicial branch)
Ch. 11.4 Implied Powers (pp. 305-308)
145) appropriations
146) necessary and proper clause (“elastic clause”)
147) fight b/w Hamilton & Jefferson over implied powers
148) McCullough v. Maryland
Ch. 11.5 Non-legislative Powers (pp. 310-314)
149) Amendment process (only as it relates to Congress’ role)
150) electoral duties (only in strange circumstances such as electoral ties/controversies/vacancies)
151) impeachment (be familiar with process and role of House and Senate)
a) Andrew Johnson
b) Bill Clinton
c) Richard Nixon
152) impeach
153) acquit
154) censure
155) approval of appointments
156) treaties
157) investigatory powers
Ch. 13.1-13.2 Executive Branch (pp. 354-363)
NOTE: please see PPT handout on Ch. 13.1-13.2
158) roles of President
159) formal qualifications
160) George Washington’s precedents/traditions
161) Presidential pay
Ch. 18 Legislative Branch (pp. 506-522)
NOTE: please see two PPT handouts on Ch. 18.1 & 18.2-18.3
162) Dual court system (federal & state)
163) jurisdiction
164) Judiciary Act of 1789
165) Federal Court System (District Court, Court of Appeals, Supreme Court)
166) Appointment of Judges
167) Judicial review
168) Major Supreme Court cases (see notes/chart taken in class for PPT presentations)