Download Unit 2 - JohnChandler2nd9weeks

Chapter 5 Guided Notes
5.1 #1-6
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1.
What is mechanical weathering?
 Any of the chemical or mechanical processes by which rocks exposed to
the weather undergo changes in character and break down.
2.
What are the three physical processes that make up mechanical weathering? Give
an example of EACH.
a. Frost wedging
b. Unloading
c. Biological activity
3.
What is chemical weathering?
 A weathering process whereby rocks and minerals are transformed into
new, fairly stable chemical combinations by such chemical reactions as
hydrolysis, oxidation, ion exchange, and solution. Also known as decay;
decomposition.
4.
What is the most important agent of chemical weathering?
 Water and weak acids found in water
5.
Discuss briefly weathering of Granite, Silicate Minerals and Spheroidal
Weathering.
 Granite: weather’s away the softer material and the harder material is left
almost as it had been.
 Silicate: Produces iron oxide that won’t break down by water and also
creates clay minerals.
 Spheroidal: Causes the edges of the rock to be rounded.
6.
What are two factors that affect the rate of weathering?
 Climate and rock characteristics
5.2 #7-15
7.
What are the four components of soil?
a. Broken down rock
b. Humus
c. Water
d. Air
8.
What are the most important factors in soil formation?
 Percipitation and temperature
9.
What is the difference between residual soil and transported soil?
 Residual soil: Soil that has been in a place for millions of years.
 Transported soil: Soil that has been brought in.
What type of soil consists of 10% clay, 60% silt, and 30% sand?
 Silty Loam
Explain how the slope of the land affects soil thickness.
 The more of a slope there is the less thick the soil is and the less developed
it is.
10.
11.
12.
What are the three soil horizons?
a. Horizon A Topsoil
b. Horizon B Contains some elements of horizon A, less litter and humus.
c. Horizon C Lowest horizon, consists of weathered big rocks.
13.
What are the 3 types of soil? Name and describe each and where they are
found.
a. pedalfer - Soil rich in alumina and iron and deficient in carbonates, found in
and characteristic of humid regions
b. pedocal - A soil of semiarid and arid regions that is rich in calcium carbonate
and lime
c. laterite - A red residual soil formed by the leaching of silica and by enrichment
with aluminum and iron oxides, especially in humid climates.
13.
Based on what you have read about clearing tropical rain forests, what can be
done to the Colombian field to reduce soil erosion?
14.
How do human activities effect erosion?
Human activities can cause erosion to increase.
15.
Which activity would cause more sediment to be deposited in a river that flows
through a gently sloping valley----cultivating the valley or cultivating the hills that
surround the valley? EXPLAIN..
5.3 #16-20
16
What is mass movement?
17.
What factors trigger mass movement?
18.
How do geologists classify mass movements?
19.
What are the TYPES of mass movement?
20.
How does a rock slide differ from a mass movement?