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L to J Math Vocabulary
L to J Math Vocabulary
abundant number
1
A number with proper factors that add to
more than the number. For example, 24 is
an abundant number because its proper
factors, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12, add to 36.
common factor
2
A factor that two or more numbers share.
For example, 7 is a common factor of 14
and 35 because 7 is a factor of 14 (14 = 7
x 2) and 7 is a factor of 35 (35 = 7 x 5).
1
2
3
common multiple
4
composite number
5
deficient number
3
A multiple that two or more numbers share.
For example, the first few multiples of 5 are
5,10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60,
65, and 70. The few first few multiples of 7
are 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70,
77, 84, and 91. From these lists we can
see that two common multiples of 5 are 35
and 70.
4
A whole number with factors other than
itself and 1 (i.e., a whole number that is not
prime). Some composite numbers are 6,
12, 20, and 1001.
5
A number with proper factors that add to
less than the number. For example, 14 is
a deficient number because its proper
factors, 1, 2, and 7, add to 10. All prime
numbers are deficient.
L to J Math Vocabulary
L to J Math Vocabulary
dimensions
6
The dimensions of a rectangle are its
length and its width.
For example a
rectangle with a width of 3 and length of 5
can be referred to as a 3 x 5 rectangle.
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divisor
8
factor
9
7
A factor. For example, 5 is a factor of 20
because 5 x 4 = 20. And 5 is a divisor of 20
because the division 20 ÷ 5 does not have
a remainder. Any number that is a factor is
also a divisor.
8
One of two or more numbers that are
multiplied to get a product. For example,
13 and 4 are both factors of 52 because 13
x 4 = 52.
multiple
9
The product of a given whole number. For
example, the first four multiples of 3 are 3,
which is 3 x 1; 6, which is 3 x 2; 9, which is
3 x 3; and 12, which is 3 x 4. Note that if a
number is a multiple of 3, then 3 is a a
factor of the number. For example, 12 is a
multiple of 3, and 3 is a factor of 12.
perfect number
10
A number with proper factors that add to
exactly the number. For example, 6 is a
perfect number because its proper factors,
1, 2, and 3, add to 6.
10
L to J Math Vocabulary
11
prime factorization
12
L to J Math Vocabulary
11
The longest factor string for a number,
composed entirely of prime numbers. For
example, the prime factorization of 1001 is
7 x 11 x 13. The prime factorization of a
number is unique except for the order of
the factors.
prime number
12
A number with only two factors, 1 and the
number itself. Examples of primes are 11,
17, 53, and 101.
proper factors
13
All the factors of a number, except the
number itself. For example, the proper
factors of 16 are 1, 2, 4, and 8.
square number
14
The product of a number with itself.
Examples of square numbers are 9, 25, 81.
A square number of square tiles can be
arranged to for a square.
Venn diagram
15
A diagram in which overlapping circles are
used to show relationships among sets of
objects that have certain attributes.
13
14
15
16
axis, axes
16
The number lines that are used to make a
graph. There are usually two axes
perpendicular to each other. The vertical
axis is called the y-axis and the horizontal
axis is called the x-axis.
L to J Math Vocabulary
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bar graph
(bar chart)
18
categorical data
19
coordinate graph
20
line plot
21
mean
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17
A graphical representation of a table of
data in which the height of each bar
indicates its value. The bars are separated
from each other to highlight that the data
are discrete of “counted” data.
The
horizontal axis shows the values or
categories and the vertical axis shows the
frequency or tally for each of the values or
categories on the horizontal axis.
18
Values that are “words” that represent
possible responses within a given
category. Frequency counts can be made
of the values for a given category. For
example, months of the year in which
people have birthdays (values may be
January, February, March, and so on).
A graphical representation of pairs of
related numerical values. One axis shows
one value of each pair (for example, height
on the horizontal axis) and the other axis
shows the other value of each pair (for
example, arm span on the vertical axis).
20
A quick, simple way to organize data along
a number line where the Xs (or other
symbols) above a number represent how
often each value is mentioned.
21
A value that represents a middle value or
typical value in a set of data. If all the data
had the same value, the mean would be
that value. It is the “evening out” or the
average of the set of data.
L to J Math Vocabulary
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median
23
mode
24
outlier
25
range
26
scale
L to J Math Vocabulary
22
The numerical value that marks the middle
of an ordered set of data. Half the data
occur above the median, and half the data
occur below the median. The median of
this ordered set of data is 3.
0,0,0,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,4,4,5,5,5,6,8
23
Of a distribution, the category or numerical
value that occurs most often. For example,
the mode of the distribution of this set of
data is 2. It is possible to have more than
one mode.
0,0,0,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,4,4,5,5,5,6,8
24
One or more values that lie “outside” of a
distribution of the data. An outlier is a value
that may be questioned because it is
unusual or because there may have been
an error in recording the data.
25
The difference of the lowest and highest
values in a set of data. The range of a
distribution is computed by stating the
lowest and the highest values.
For
example, the range of siblings in a family
may be 0-8 people.
26
The size of the units on an axis of a graph
or number line. For instance, each mark on
the vertical axis might represent 10 units.
L to J Math Vocabulary
27
stem-and-leaf plot
(stem plot)
28
table
29
benchmark
30
decimal
31
denominator
L to J Math Vocabulary
27
A quick way to picture the shape of a
distribution while including the actual
numerical values in the graph. For a
number like 25, the stem 2 is written at the
left of the vertical line, and the leaf, 5, is at
the right. Back to back stem plots may be
used to compare two sets of the same kind
of data.
28
A tool for organizing information in rows
and columns. Tables let you list categories
or values and then tally the occurrences.
29
A “nice” number that can be used to
estimate the size of other numbers. For
work with fractions, 0, 1/2, and 1 are good
benchmarks. We often estimate fractions
or decimals with benchmarks because it is
easier to do arithmetic with them, and
estimates often give enough accuracy for
the situation.
30
A special form of a fraction. Decimals are
based on the base ten place-value system.
To write numbers as decimals, we use only
10 and powers of 10 as denominators.
31
The number written below the line of a
fraction. In the fraction 3/4, 4 is the
denominator.
In
the
part-whole
interpretation of fractions, the denominator
shows the number of equal-size parts into
which the whole has been split.
L to J Math Vocabulary
L to J Math Vocabulary
equivalent fractions
32
Fractions that are equal in value but have
different numerators and denominators.
For example 2/3 and 14/21 are equivalent
fractions.
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numerator
34
percent
35
algorithm
36
area
37
circumference
33
The number written above the line in a
fraction. In the fraction 5/8, 5 is the
numerator. When you interpret a fraction
such as 5/8 as part of a whole, the
numerator 5 tells that the fraction refers to
5 of the 8 equal parts.
34
A special decimal fraction in which the
denominator is 100. Percent means “out of
100.” When we write 68%, we mean 68
out of 100, 68/100, or 0.68. We write the
percent sign (%) after a number to indicate
percent.
35
A set of rules for performing a procedure.
Some of examples of algorithms are the
rules for long division or the rules for
adding two fractions.
36
The measure of the amount of surface
enclosed by the sides of a figure. To find
the area of a figure, you can count how
many unit squares it takes to cover the
figure. You can find the area of a rectangle
by multiplying the length by the width.
37
The distance around (or perimeter of) a
circle. It takes slightly more than three
diameters to match the circumference of a
circle. More formally, the circumference of
a circle is pi (π) times the diameter of the
circle.
L to J Math Vocabulary
L to J Math Vocabulary
Pi
38
The mathematical name for the ratio of a
circle’s circumference to its diameter. This
ratio is the same for every circle, and is
approximately equal to 3.1416.
linear dimensions
39
Measurements such as length, width,
base, and height which describe the size of
figures.
base
40
A linear dimension that is usually
measured along the horizontal side. This
is a word used when talking about triangles
and parallelograms.
38
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40
41
perimeter
42
perpendicular lines
41
The measure of the distance around a
figure. Perimeter is a measure of length.
To find the perimeter of a figure, you count
the number of unit lengths it takes to
surround the figure. When you find the
perimeter of a shape, write the units (such
as centimeters, feet, or yards) to indicate
the unit that was used to find the perimeter.
42
Lines that meet at right angles. The length
and width of a rectangle are perpendicular
to each other and the base and height of a
triangle are perpendicular to each other.
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43
radius
44
certain event
45
equally likely events
46
fair game
47
probable
48
probability
49
random events
L to J Math Vocabulary
43
A segment from the center of a circle to a
point on the circle. The length of this
segment is also called the radius. The
radius is half of the diameter. The plural of
radius is radii. All the radii of a circle have
the same length.
44
An event that is bound to happen -- for
example, the sun rising tomorrow. The
probability of a certain outcome is 1.
45
Two or more events that have the same
change of happening. For example, when
you toss a fair coin, heads and tails are
equally likely. Each has a 50% chance of
happening.
46
A game in which each player has the same
chance of winning. A game that is not fair
can be made fair by adjusting the scoring
system.
47
Another way to say likely. An event that is
probable is likely to happen.
48
A number between 0 and 1 that describes
the likelihood that an event will occur. For
example, if a bag contains a red marble, a
white marble, and a blue marble, then the
probability of drawing a red marble is 1/3.
49
Events that are uncertain when viewed
individually but which may exhibit a regular
pattern over many trials.
L to J Math Vocabulary
50
trial
L to J Math Vocabulary
50
One round of an experiment. For example,
if you are interested in the behavior of a
coin, you might flip the coin 50 times and
record the results. Each toss would be a
trial, and so this experiment would consist
of 50 trials.