Download TEST:CHAPTERS 11-14

TEST:CHAPTERS 11-14
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1.
A strong negative correlation coefficient indicates that
a. two variables are not related.
b. two variables are inversely related.
c. there has been measurement error.
d. there has been calculation error.
2.
George suspects that there is a curvilinear relationship in his data set. Which of the following correlation
coefficient should George calculate?
a. Pearson r
b. eta
c. Kendall's tau
d. Spearman rho
3.
In a single prediction question (Y = a + bX), Y represents a(n)
a. predicted criterion score.
b. distribution of scores in the sample.
c. individual's score.
d. constant calculated from the scores.
4.
When using correlational analysis with multiple predictors and multiple criterion variables the appropriate
procedure is
a. multiple Linear Regression.
b. canonical correlation.
c. discriminate function analysis.
d. path analysis.
5.
When considering the use of Spearman rho or Pearson r for use with a small sample,
a. Spearman rho is more accurate than Pearson r.
b. Spearman rho is easier to calculate.
c. Pearson r is the appropriate measure to use.
d. Pearson r is easier to calculate.
6.
Which of the following correlation coefficients best represents the plot below?
a. -.45
b. -.25
c. Ý15
d. Ý75
7.
One similarity between causal-comparative and correlational research is that both
a. can determine causal events.
b. can be treated as a type of descriptive research.
c. attempt to establish causes.
d. rely on the same research procedures.
8.
Of the following, which is most typical of an independent variable in a causal-comparative study?
a. Mathematics achievement.
b. Time to complete a problem.
c. Amount of content learned from instructional materials.
d. Type of instructional treatment administered.
9.
Of the following, which is an example of a retrospective causal-comparative approach?
a. Allison believed allowing students open campus for lunch would promote better school attendance so she
allowed one high school in the district to have open campus while the others maintained their closed campus.
She then assessed differences in attendance at the end of the semester.
b. Ben was interested in the benefits of outdoor recess on classroom behavior. One class he had take year-round
outdoor recess and the other he scheduled for indoor recess in the gym. At the end of the school year he
examined referrals for classroom management for both classes.
c. James predicted that adults who were cub scouts as children would possess more sophisticated environmental
attitudes. He compared the environmental attitudes of adults who were cub scouts to those of adults who were
not scouts.
d. Lisa was curious if after-school snacks promoted healthier dinner eating habits so she compared children from
one day care setting that provided afterschool snacks to one that did not. At the end of the semester she had
parents rate dinner eating behaviors for both groups of children.
10.
The type of validity concerned with whether findings can be generalized to other groups or other settings is
referred to as
a. internal validity.
b. external validity.
c. content validity.
d. construct validity.
11.
Marcy is concerned that her findings may be due to an extraneous uncontrolled variable and not her treatment.
Marcy is most concerned with
a. internal consistency reliability.
b. inter-rater reliability.
c. external validity.
d. internal validity.
12.
Which of the following is a threat to internal validity?
a. Differential selection of participants
b. Pretest treatment interference
c. Posttest sensitization
d. Multiple-treatment interactions
13.
The threat to validity defined as the effects of the occurrence of events that are not part of the treatment but affect
the dependent variable is
a. history.
b. testing.
c. statistical regression.
d. instrumentation.
14.
Laura was conducting a study on two treatment interventions to increase patriotism. During her study, the terrorist
attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon occurred. This is an example of which of the following validity
threats?
a. Statistical regression
b. Instrumentation
c. History
d. Testing
15.
The primary drawback of the posttest-only design is
a. history.
b. selection.
c. mortality.
d. regression.
16.
Given the following notation, which design is illustrated?
a.
b.
c.
d.
R X1 O
R X2 O
Pretest-posttest control group design
Posttest only control group design
Nonequivalent groups control group design
Static group comparison design
17.
A study that addressed the effects of gender and type of practice (massed, distributed, massed and distributed)
would be symbolized as
a. 2 x 2 factorial design.
b. 3 x 2 factorial design.
c. 2 x 3 factorial design.
d. Soloman four group design.
18.
In a single subject design, the treatment condition is symbolized as
a. A.
b. B.
c. S.
d. W.
19.
Data analysis in single-subject studies generally includes
a. Chi-square.
b. Visual analysis.
c. Nonparametric tests.
d. Path analysis.
Jack wants to test if runners on his cross-country team improve with his new training regimen. He takes their times at the
beginning of the season and again at the end of the season.
20.
Which of the following designs is Jack best illustrating?
a. One-shot case study
b. One-group pretest-posttest design
c. Pretest-posttest control group design
d. Time series design
Given a laboratory study that compared learning from text in two conditions, one with underlining of important terms
and one without underlining, and found that the underlining group did better on factual items, Marina conducted a study
with tenth-grade history students and compared one group that read a chapter with the important text underlined and one
group that read a chapter without any underlining. In her study she found no effects for the underlining.
21.
Marina's study illustrates an example of a(n)
a. replication study.
b. internal validity study.
c. test for reliability.
d. regression study.
22.
Francis wants to present the average mathematics score attained by the participants in her study. She needs to
report a measure of
a. dispersion index.
b. variability.
c. central tendency.
d. relative position.
23.
The measure of central tendency often used for ordinal data is the
a. mode.
b. standard deviation.
c. mean.
d. median.
24.
Given the following set of scores: 6,7,5,12,11,9,9,7,6,10,6. The score that best represents the median is:
a. 6.
b. 7.
c. 9.
d. 10.
25.
Garrett did a survey to determine the favorite sport of fourth grade children in Williamstown. Which of the
following is the appropriate measure of central tendency for his data?
a. Mode
b. Standard deviation
c. Mean
d. Median
26.
A score at Ä1 standard deviation represents a percentile rank of approximately
a. 2%.
b. 16%.
c. 34%.
d. 68%.
27.
Given a person with a z score of 0 on a norm-referenced assessment, what can we conclude regarding her
performance? Compared to the norm group,
a. the person performed poorly.
b. the person performed at the mean.
c. the person performed above average.
d. the person performed at the 34 percentile.
28.
Given a mean of 15 and a median of 22, what can we say about the distribution of scores?
a. It is negatively skewed distribution.
b. It is positively skewed distribution.
c. We can't determine its distribution.
d. It is normally distributed.
29.
Measures of relative position include
a. means.
b. standard deviations.
c. percentile ranks.
d. frequency distributions.
30.
The statistical symbol 'n' represents
a. any given score.
b. total number of subjects.
c. number of subjects in a particular group.
d.
the mean.