Download Notes on the Circulatory System Pages 446

Notes on the Circulatory System
Pages 446-454
Today’s Date: 1/5/16 & 1/6/16
KIB
Essential Question: How does the circulatory system work with other body systems to maintain homeostasis?
Structures and Functions of the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM:
1. The CS transports __________________, nutrients, and other substances throughout the body, and
removes _________________from _______________________.
2. The human body contains millions of ______________that are not in direct __________with the
external environment and because of this humans need a __________circulatory system. (Note: recall
the reading about William Harvey?)
3. The CS is made up of a ___________, _____________ ___________and ____________________.
4. The heart pumps blood through the body by powerful _______________________ of the
____________________, which is the scientific name for heart muscle.
5. Your heart is composed entirely of ____________________ and they begin contracting before you are
born and stop when you __________. An adult’s heart contracts on average _______times a minute,
pumping about _____milliliters of blood with each contraction. (show class how much 70 ml is)
6. A wall called the _____________separates the right side of the heart from the left side. This prevents
oxygen-________________blood and oxygen-____________blood from mixing.
7. The human heart has FOUR chambers, two upper and two lower.
8. On each side of the septum are an ___________chamber and a ____________chamber. Each upper
chamber is called an ______________and each lower chamber is called a _______________. So there
are two _____________and two_________________for a total of four chambers with the septum
separating the two sides.
Blood Flow Through the Heart
1. Blood from the ___________enters the heart through the right _________________; blood from the
lungs enters through the _____________atrium.
2. When the atria(or atriums) contract, blood flows into the _______________________.
3. Flaps of connective tissue called ______________are located between the atria and the ventricles.
4. When blood moves from the atria to the ventricles the valves ____________. When the ventricles
contract, the valves ______________, preventing blood from flowing _____________into the atria.
5. Valves are located at the exits of each _________________.
6. The system of ___________________keeps blood ________________through the heart in one
_________________________.
The Heart’s Blood Supply
1. Heart muscles or CARDIAC muscles, need a _________________supply of __________& ___________.
2. A pair of blood vessels called ________________arteries, which branch from the aorta and run
through the heart _______________, supply blood to the heart _________________.
3. Coronary arteries and the vessels that branch from them are relatively _________________. If they
are __________________, the heart muscle cells run out of ________________and being to die. This
is what happens during a ____________________ ___________________.
Types of Circulation:
Three types of circulation are CORONARY, PULMONARY and SYSTEMIC.
1. Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood throughout the HEART muscle.
2. Pulmonary circulation is the circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs and back.
3. Systemic circulation is the circulation of the blood from the heart to ALL parts of the body EXCEPT the
heart and lungs.
4. The heart functions as ________pumps. One pump pushes blood to the __________, while the other
pump pushes blood to the ________________________________________.
5. The ____________side of the heart pumps oxygen-_____________blood from the heart to the lungs
through _________________________circulation.
6. In the lungs, ____________ _______________diffuses from the blood and ___________is absorbed
by the blood. Oxygen-____________blood then flows to the ______________side of the heart.
7. The left side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body through
_________________circulation. Cells absorb much of the ________________and load the blood with
____________ _________________. This now oxygen-poor blood returns to the right side of the
heart for another trip to the ______________to pick up ______________________.
8. In order to be an efficient pump, the heart must beat in an ______________& ______________way.
9. Your heart rate varies depending on your body’s__________to take in ________________and release
_______________ _________________. Neurotransmitters released by the sympathetic nervous
system increase the heart rate. Those released by the parasympathetic nervous system decrease the
heart rate. (Here’s a connection between circulatory and nervous systems.)
Types of blood vessels and blood pressure:
1. Three types of blood vessels are ______________, ___________________, ____________________.
2. _________________are large vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart to the tissues of the body.
Except for the ____________________arteries, all arteries carry oxygen-_________blood.
3. Arteries have thick __________________walls that help them withstand the powerful
_________________produced when the heart __________________and pumps blood through them.
4. The smallest blood vessels are the __________________. Most capillaries are so narrow that blood
can only pass through them ______________file.
5. Because of their extremely thin walls, capillaries allow _____________and nutrients to diffuse from
blood into tissues and ________________ ____________________and other waste products to move
from tissues into ____________________.
6. Veins carry blood TO the heart. Blood often must flow against _________________ through large
veins in your arms and legs. Many veins are located near and between __________________muscles
and when contracted the skeletal muscles squeeze the ____________pushing blood toward the heart.
Many veins contain __________________that close to ensure blood continues to flow in __________
______________________________.
Blood Pressure
1. When the heart _____________________it produces a wave of fluid pressure in the arteries known as
_________________ ___________________________.
2. Although blood pressure falls when the heart ______________________between beats, the system
still remains under _____________________due to the elasticity of the arterial walls. Without that
_____________________, blood would ____________flowing through the body.
3. Health care workers measure blood pressure with a device called a ____________________________,
which is an inflatable cuff with a pump and a meter. The cuff is inflated until blood flow through the
artery that runs down the arm is ________________________. As the pressure is released, the
healthcare worker listens for a ___________________with a stethoscope and records a number form
the meter. This number represents the ___________pressure----the force in the arteries when the
ventricles ____________________.
4. When the pulse sound disappears, a second number is recorded that represents the
______________pressure----the force in the arteries when the ventricles __________________. A
typical blood pressure is 120/80.
5. Sensory receptors in the blood vessels detect blood pressure and send ______________to the brain
stem. When BP is high, the autonomic nervous system releases neurotransmitters that
___________the smooth muscles in blood vessel ____________.
6. When BP is low, neurotransmitters are released that cause the smooth muscles in vessels to
________________
7. The ________________also regulate BP by affecting the volume of blood. Triggered by hormones
produced by the heart and other organs, the kidneys remove more water from the blood and
___________________it in _____________when BP is high or conserve more water when BP is
_________. (this is a connection to the excretory system)