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1.0.0 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS
RE: RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485
1.1.0
RS-232 Application Notes
RS-232 was approved as a standard interface in 1969. Before and since that time, this
interface in its various revisions has been very popular despite its many shortcomings and
usage outside of its intended role. Most small computers have an RS-232 interface as
standard, or easily added, and many peripherals and instruments support its serial interface,
but not all in the same way. Hence the application of an RS-232 needs careful study of
equipment manufactures connections and methods before the 485 Adapter is installed.
However, RS-232 lines are quite safe if wrongly connected, so the experimental use of a
break-out box or ‘hit and miss’ methods of establishing communications can be employed.
1.1.1
Electrical Levels
When checking out serial communications circuits, it is useful to know what signal
levels to expect. The specified voltage levels of RS-232 data and control signals are
summarised in the following table:
Interchange Voltage
Binary State
Data Signal
Control Function
-3 to –15
1
Marking
OFF
+3 to +15
0
Spacing
ON
Signal Ground is at 0 volts and the region between –3 and +3 volts is the transition
region.
The 485 Adapter will normally be used in close proximity to the RS-232 port, but in
case where it is not close, the following limits apply. The electrical levels at which
RS-232 operates limit the maximum data rate to about 20 kilobaud (sometimes used
up to 50 kb) and the maximum cable length between transmitter and associated
receiver to about 15 metres (50 ft).
1.1.2 9/25 Way Adapters
9 Way ‘D’
Pin 1
Pin 2
Pin 3
Pin 4
Pin 5
Pin 6
Pin 7
Pin 8
Pin 9
FIG. 1.1
DCD
RxD
TxD
DTR
Sig GND
DSR
RTS
CTS
R
25 Way ‘D’
Pin 8
Pin 3
Pin 2
Pin 20
Pin 7
Pin 6
Pin 4
Pin 5
Pin 22
DTE ADAPTOR – 9 Way to 25 Way
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The wiring list in figure 1.1 shows the necessary connections to adapt a 9 Way
RS-232 port to a 25 Way RS-232 port, or vice versa. Due note should be taken to
the gender of the mating connector, and a gender change can be incorporated in the
adaptor if required. There is no unassigned pin available on the 9 Way connector for
connecting the power supply.
1.2.0
RS-422 / 485 Application Notes
RS-422 and RS-485 have very similar characteristics, with RS-485 being compatible
with, and offering all the advantages of RS-422 plus some additional capability.
RS-422 pre-dated RS-485 as a standard, but RS-485 is now more popular and used in
new system design. For the 485 Adapter, the on board circuitry for the two models is
identical, the application deciding the mode of interface operation.
1.2.1
RS-422 / 485 Parameters
The following table summarises the principal parameters of the RS-422-A and
RS-485 standards, and shows RS-232-C for comparison.
EIA STANDARD
RS-232-C
RS-422-A
RS-485
Mode of operation
Single-ended
Differential
Differential
Number of Drivers On Line
Number of Receivers On Line
Max. Cable Length - m
Max. Data Rate-Bits/s
Max. Common Mode
Driver Voltage
1 Driver
32 Receivers
15
20K
N/A
±5v to ±15v
1 Driver
10 Receivers
1200
10M
.+6v, -0.25v
±2v min.
32 Drivers
32 Receivers
1200
10M
.+12v, -7v
±1.5v min.
FIG. 1.2
1.2.2
RS-232/422/485 PARAMETERS
Bus Termination
For proper operation of the RS-422/485 bus is full of half duplex, multi-drop or point
to
point communication, it is recommended that termination is applied to the receiver
end of the
data lines.
The simplest form of termination is line to line with typically a 120? resistor across
differential input, and this terminator resistor is available on the 485 Adapter
board, selectable by J6 and/or J7 as appropriate.
the
In a multi drop system, the terminator resistor is only required at the device receiver
located at the far end of the cable. If this is in half duplex operation, then both ends of the
bus cable are equipped with receivers (transceivers) so termination is necessary at
both ends.
RS-485 transmitter circuits are specified as being capable of driving a
minimum load
resistance of 60?, so no more than two transmitter resistors should be
connected to any one bus.
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In some instances, particularly in RS-485 multi-drop operations, noise may be detected at the
receiver. In the multi-drop configuration, there can be brief periods when on transmitter is
1.2.3
Cabling of RS-422/485 Bus
RS-422/485 employs a differential method of signal transmission and each bus cable has to
be a wire pair, preferably twisted and screened to keep induced noise to a minimum. The bus
distribution cable is effectively a transmission line and appropriate techniques should be
used for installation of the cables. In a multi-drop
environment the cable should be looped through each device, or if a spur is necessary,
the spur length should be kept to a minimum.
Maximum end-to-end cable length and the communication baud rate are not mutually
exclusive. Typical maximum transmission rates versus cable lengths are shown in the
following table:
Transmission Rate
Maximum Distance
100 Kilobaud
1000 Kilobaud
10000 Kilobaud
1500 metres
100 metres
10 metres
If screened cable is used, some thought must be given to the connection of the screen.
This screen should not normally be used as a ground return for non-isolated devices
and it is safest to only connect the screen at a single point to the ground of one device.
The voltage between the grounds of the various devices must not cause the common
mode voltage rating of any device on the bus to be exceeded.
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DATA DISPLAY
COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS
INTERFACES:
RS232: Short distances only. The specification supports
transmission of the data up to a distance of 15 metres.
3 wire connection only required.
RS485 (optional) : Suitable for distances of 1500 metres or less.
Maximum of 32 units on one multidrop. Can use a four
wire (RS422) or a two wire (RS485) method.
Note:
Depending on the software used by the client it
maybe necessary to use a full modem at the PC.
This can be achieved by connecting Pins 1,4, and 6
together and separately connecting 7 and 8. (Dtype
9way). This simulated the busy signal as if the PC is
connected to a printer.
RS232 Connection
DB25way
DB9way
3.5mm stereo
5pin cannon
3 (Rx)
2 (Tx)
7 (Grnd)
2 (Rx)
3 (Tx)
5 (Grnd)
Tip (Tx)
Center (Rx)
Base (Grnd)
1 (Tx)
2 (Rx)
3 (Grnd)
Default Communication Rate
Baudrate
Data
Parity
Stop Bit
= 9600 Baud for DataBoard and 1200 Baud for DataLine displays
= 8 Bit
= None
= 1 Bit
The above Baudrates are the standards supplied by Data Display. Other Baudrates from
300 Baud to 9600 are supplied on request or may be made selectable.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
1.
Introduction
1
2.
Dumb/Terminal Mode Protocol For Data Board Display
(With Error Checking and without Error Checking)
2–5
3.
Data Board Protocols
6-9
4.
Serial Protocols For Data Line and Biline Displays
10 – 13
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INTRODUCTION
Dumb/Terminal Mode Protocol for Data Board Displays
This protocol is designed to facilitate application engineers to write their own software to
take easy control of the display in a real time application. It has limited display functions but is very
suitable for factory applications, sports applications and alarm signals.
There are two type of protocols available within this section. One does not require any error
checking whilst the other requires more effort from the programmer in terms of error checking and
handling responses.
Data Board Protocols
This protocol is based on 5 different sections which the user may access when transferring
information to the display. This protocol should be used when a client wishes to use a display as a
variable messaging system with full feature effects and multiple page facility.
Serial Protocols for Data Line and Biline Displays
The following protocols detail how to avail of the multiple features for multiple pages in
either single system displays or a network of units.
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Page 1 of 13
DUMB/TERMINAL MODE PROTOCOL FOR DATA BOARD DISPLAYS
(Version DB Dum 1.0) (Error Checking Included)
Release Date = 4 July 1996
1.
SCOPE
This protocol is designed to facilitate application engineers to write their
own software to take easy control of the display in a real time application.
It has limited display functions but is very suitable for factory applications,
ACD applications, sports applications and alarm signals.
The display can be updated in the following manner;
1) Full page update
2) Line update
3) Word update
4) Character update
Only one page is ever displayed making it suitable for real time applications.
2.
FEATURES
The following commands are effective on the display;
1) Any character line or word may flash
2) Update of display is totally ‘silent’. No apparent jumping
or flicker on display.
3) Time may be displayed on any part of display.
4) Irrespective of the number of displays used, by sending a
single byte control, all displays will update at once.
5) Extended ASCII set is used.
Baud Rate 300 – 9600 Baud
Data Format is 8 bit, 1 stop bit, no parity.
$0F
$20 + Address of unit
$0E
$02
$20 + Buffer position
$**
$03
$08
$xx
$yy
$09











Initiate address mode
Can also be grouped (Labelled on Unit)
Terminate address mode
Initiate text mode
Start of area of display to be changed (first is 21)
Any number of text bytes
Terminate text mode
Initiate Checksum Command
Checksum MSB
Checksum LSB
Terminate Comms
Where $xx and $yy are a two Byte checksum which is calculated on all Bytes from the $OF to the
$08 (inclusive) summed together with carry being ignored. On transmission the most significant of
each checksum Byte should be forced high.
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Page 2 of 13
A Checksum of
and
$XX = $AA
$YY = $AA will always result in checksum ignored.
A wrong checksum will result in a NAK response whilst correct checksum will result in an ACK unit
response. (No further transmission for 500m Sec)
$01
$2X
$06
$15
$03





Initiate Response
Address of Unit
Transmission OK
Transmission Failure
Terminate Response


Turn Flash ON
Turn Flash OFF
Flash Effect:
$05
$06
The flash commands can be entered at any stage of the text and repeated any number of times.
**HEU located as a text string within the text will display hours and minutes in the selected
position.
3.
Time Effect
To set the time the following string should be sent:
$0F, $20, $0E, $04, $Hour, $Hour, $Min, $Min, $Sec, $Sec, $30, $34, $03, $09
4.
Colour Effect
This only applies to Multicolour versions of the Data Board.
$11
$12
$13



Colour 1
Colour 2
Colour 3
The three colours are Red, Green and Amber.
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These control bytes can be located anywhere within the text string.
Page 3 of 13
DUMB/TERMINAL MODE PROTOCOL FOR DATA BOARD DISPLAYS
(Version DB Dum 0.1) (No Error Checking)
Release Date = 1-JAN-1995
1.
SCOPE
This protocol is designed to facilitate application engineers to write their
own software to take easy control of the display in a real time application. It has limited
display functions but is very suitable for factory applications, ACD applications, sports
applications and alarm signals. It does not require checksum
calculations and the display will not give an acknowledgement.
The display can be updated in the following manner;
1) Full page update
2) Line update
Only one page is ever displayed making it suitable for real time applications.
2.
FEATURES
The following commands are effective on the display;
1) Any character line or word may flash
2) Update of display is totally ‘silent’. No apparent jumping
or flicker on display.
3) Time may be displayed on any part of display.
4) Irrespective of the number of displays used, by sending a
single byte control, all displays will update at once.
5) Extended ASCII set is used.
Baud Rate 300 – 9600 Baud
Data Format is 8 bit, 1 stop bit, no parity.
$0F
$20 + Address of unit
$0E
$02
$20 + Buffer position
$**
$03
$09








Initiate address mode
Can also be grouped (Labelled on Unit)
Terminate address mode
Initiate text mode
Start of area of display to be changed (first is 21)
Any number of text bytes
Terminate text mode
Terminate Comms


Turn Flash ON
Turn Flash OFF
Flash Effect:
$05
$06
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The flash commands can be entered at any stage of the text and repeated any number of times.
**HEU located as a text string within the text will display hours and minutes in the selected
position.
Page 4 of 13
3.
Time Effect
To set the time the following string should be sent:
$0F, $20, $0E, $04, $Hour, $Hour, $Min, $Min, $Sec, $Sec, $30, $34, $03, $09
4.
Colour Effect
This only applies to Multicolour versions of the Data Board.
$11
$12
$13



Colour 1
Colour 2
Colour 3
The three colours are Red, Green and Amber.
These control bytes can be located anywhere within the text string.
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Page 5 of 13
DATA BOARD PROTOCOLS
(Version DBWIN 1.0)
Release Date = 4 July 1996
All test characters represented in Standard ASCII.
Data Transfer
1.
Structure
This protocol is based on 5 different sections which the user may access when
transferring information to the display. This protocol should be used when a client
wishes to use a display as a variable message system with full feature effects and
multiple page facility.
Default settings are 9600, N, 8, 1, Standard ASCII.
Sample Format:
Address Unit
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Terminate
2.
} Required Unit is Selected
} Text and Command Transfer
} Timed Text Transfer
} Time Transfer
} Date Transfer
} Dim Timed Transfer
} Checksum Control and Acknowledgement
Protocol
Section 1:
Text and Command Transfer
($) indicates hex value
$0F
$20 + Address of Unit
$OE
$02




$5C
$30
$31
$31 - $39




Indicate Address Mode
$21 = Unit 1
?
$20 = Global
Terminate Address Mode
Initiate Text Mode ($01 initiate text mode and
disable all pages)
Begin Page Sequence and Command Sequence
Page Number Tens
Page Number Units


Command Section
$31 = Jump
$32 = Vertical
$33 = Open
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$34 = Flash
$35 = Random
$36 = Time/Date
$37 = Sparkle
$38 = Freeze
Page 6 of 13
$31 - $33

Front Type

$31 = Normal
$32 = Bold
$33 = Script
$30 - $49

Pause Length

$30 = Page Off
$31 = 1 sec delay
$49 = 19 sec delay
$3A

End Command Sequence and Enable Text Transfer
$XX…….$XX

Text String Continues For Page Size
$03

End of Text Transfer
SECTION 2:
Timed Text Transfer
$04
$5C
$30
$31
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx






















Initiate Timed Text Mode
Begin Page Sequence
Page Number Tens
Page Number Units
Start Month Tens
------Start Month Units
|
Start Date Tens
|
Start Date Units
|
Start Hour Tens
|
Start Hour Units
|
Start Minute Tens
|
Start Minute Units
|
Stop Month Tens
|
Stop Month Units
|
Stop Date Tens
|
Stop Date Units
|
Stop Hour Tens
|
Stop Hour Units
|
Stop Minute Tens
|
Stop Minute Units
|
Start Day
|
Stop Day
-----------------
$03

Terminate Timed Text Mode
Repeated Twice
Total 54 Bytes
As there is 3
Options of Timed
Text per page.
All 54 Bytes must
be Transmitted.
Asterisks denote
always valid
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Page 7 of 13
SECTION 3:
$05
$3x
$3x
$3x
$3x
$3x
$3x
$03
SECTION 4:
$06
$3x
$3x
$3x
$3x
$3x
$3x
$3x
$03
SECTION 5:
$07
$3x
$3x
$3x
$3x
$3x
$3x
$3x
$3x
$03
Time Transfer








Time Update
Hours Tens
Hours Units
Minutes Tens
Minutes Units
Seconds Tens
Seconds Units
Terminate Time Mode
Date Transfer









Date Update
Years Tens
Years Units
Months Tens
Months Units
Date Tens
Date Units
Day of Week
Terminate Date Mode
Dim Timed Transfer










Dim Timed
Start Hours Tens
Start Hours Units
Start Minutes Tens
Start Minutes Units
Stop Hours Tens
Stop Hours Units
Stop Minutes Tens
Stop Minutes Units
Terminate Dim Timed
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Page 8 of 13
3.
Termination of File Transfer
After the last section has been transmitted it is necessary to send the closing sequence.
$08
$xx
$yy
$09




Initiate Checksum Command
Checksum MSB
Checksum LSB
Terminate Comms
Where $xx and $yy are a two Byte checksum which is calculated on all Bytes from the $OF
to the $08 (inclusive) summed together with carry being ignored. On transmission the most
significant bit of each checksum Byte should be forced high.
A Checksum of $XX = $AA
and
$YY = $AA will always result as checksum ignored. A wrong checksum
will result in a NAK response whilst correct checksum will result in an ACK unit response.
(No further transmission for 500m sec).
$01 = Initiate Response
$2X = Address of Unit
$06 = Transmission OK
$03 = Terminate Response
and
$15 = Transmission Failure
Note:
(1)
Text Transfer of a page will automatically clear any previous Time Text section of
that
page. Therefore if a page is intended to be displayed continuously, it is not
necessary
to transfer any Timed Text.
(2)
Multiple pages can be transferred by repeating the afore mentioned procedure with
page number selected.
(3)
Pages need NOT be transmitted in sequence
(4)
To clear down memory or existing text removal, the following sequence should be
sent:
$OF

$20 + Address = Address of Unit
Initiate Address Mode
the
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


$0E
$10
$09
Terminate Address Mode
Terminate Sequence
Terminate Comms
This should be done if a new EPROM has been installed.
No further transmissions should take place for a period of 1 second.
Page 9 of 13
SERIAL PROTOCOLS FOR DATA LINE AND BILINE DISPLAYS
(Version D2.0)
Release Date = 4 July 1996
The following protocols detail how to avail of the multiple features for multiple pages in either
single system displays or a network of units.
1.
General
To reset a unit:
\sqy
To address one unit:
\aNN\\ (NN = address of unit)
To address all units:
\a\\
2.
This command clears all memory in the units
selected. A two second delay should be
incorporated after this command.
Set-up Protocols
To set the Time and Date on the selected units the following protocols are used:
To set the hours figure:
\st109 (9.00 am)
To set the minutes figure:
\st235 (9.35)
To set the seconds figure:
\st345 (9.35.45)
To set the day of the week:
\sd0N (N = 1 to 7, 1 = Monday)
To set the date:
\sd112 (12th)
To set the month:
\sd203 (March)
To set the year:
\sd393 (1993)
To back up all text:
\sb
3.
Edit Commands
This command backloads the text from the
limit to the PC.
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The display contains 99 text of up to 500 characters per text. To select a text and how the character
will appear in that text are outlined below.
To select a text number:
\vNN (NN = text 01 to 99)
To clear a text:
\q
Page 10 of 13
Note: This command must be entered before editing can commence. After the ‘\q’, text can be
entered at will. To enter commands or to change the appearance of subsequent text, the following
protocols may be used.
To change direction of scrolling:
\rN
(N = 1 = > right to left scrolling)
(N = r = > left to right scrolling)
To generate flashing text:
\fN
(N = y = > turns flashing on)
(N = n = > turns flashing off)
Note: For units of greater than 20 characters in width neither of the above two commands will
operate in scrolling mode.
To enter the time:
\tN
(N = 1 to 4 for different formats)
N = 1 = > HH:MM:SS e.g. 10:15:37
N = 2 = > HH:MM e.g. 10:15
N = 3 = > +00.0°C
N = 4 = > +00°C
To enter the date:
To change the font type:
For Single Colour Unit
1 = Normal Font
2 = Wide Font
\dN
(N = 1 to 4 for different formats)
N = 1 = >DD/MM/YY e.g. 10/11/92
N = 2 = >DD/Month/YY e.g. 10/November/92
N = 3 = >Day, e.g. Thursday
N = 4 = >Week no. e.g. 44
\zN
(N = 1 to 9 represent different fonts, colours
or heights of characters depending on the
unit.
For Multi Colour Unit
1 = Normal Amber
2 = Normal Green
For Biline Unit
1 = 12*16 Font
2 = 6*7 Top Line Font
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3 = Compressed
4 = Bold
5 – 9 = Not Applicable
3 = Normal Red
4 = Wide Amber
5 = Wide Green
6 = Wide Red
7 = Compressed Amber
8 = Compressed Green
9 = Compressed Red
Page 11 of 13
To enter a graphic character:
\gN
To enter an ON command:
\xN
To enter an OFF command
3 = 6*14 Font
4 = 6*7 Bottom Line
5 = 6*14 Narrow Font
6 = 12*7 Top Line
7 = 12*14 Font
8 = 12*7 Bottom Line
9 = 12*14 Narrow Flint)
(N = 1 to 9 represents the different characters
available.
1= user graphic
2= Horse
6= Boat
3= Pacman
7= Plane
4= Car
8= Phone
5= Train
9= Plus Sign)
N=s
N=v
N=b
N=d
N=u
N=w
N=j
N=l
N=m
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
shoot
variable
background on
down
up
wipe
jump
lamp on
dim on
N= p
N= f
:
pause
:
freeze
variable off
:
background off
:
down
:
up
:
wipe
:
lamp off
:
dim off
\cN
N= v
:
N=
N=
N=
N=
N=
N=
b
d
u
w
l
m
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Each text can contain any number of ON and OFF commands which need not be compatible i.e. the
DOWN ON command need not be followed by the DOWN OFF command.
To end the edit session:
\e
Page 12 of 13
4.
Time Text
After ‘\e’ in each text, enter ‘\p’ plus the 3 time text information fields, each comprising 20 bytes
arranged as follows:
START
Date
**
**
**
Month
**
**
**
Hour
**
**
**
STOP
START STOP
Mins
**
**
**
Date
**
**
**
Month
**
**
**
Hour
**
**
**
Mins
**
**
**
Day
**
**
**
Day
**
**
**
**
18
09
**
00
00
31
01
**
08
12
**
**
00
17
**
30
00
*
*
1
GOTO
Page
**
**
**
Some Examples:
1.
2.
3.
01
30
**
05
11
**
*
*
5
**
56
**
1.
Run from 1 May to 31 August.
2.
Run from 6:00 pm on 30 November to 0:30 am the following morning, and then jump
text page 56.
3.
Run text each Monday through to each Friday from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm.
to
N.B. – It is not necessary to transmit all 60 bytes per text, only as many as are required. However,
void or null bytes must be entered as ‘*’ (i.e. ASCII 2A). For instance in
example 1, **** must be transmitted between 0105 and 3108.
To run the selected text or combinations of text:
\r
Microstar Informationsteknik ApS – Borgergade 20 – 1300 Kbh. K. – Tlf.: 33 93 09 19 – [email protected]
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