Download Perfect Tense

Pluperfect &
Future Perfect
Tenses
 Students
will be able to form the
Pluperfect and Future Perfect
tense of verbs in Latin and know
how to translate them into
English
OBJECTIVE:
Verbs have 6 “tenses”
 Tense
is
defined as
the “time
frame” of
the action
of the verb
Present Tense
 Action
of the
verb is
happening now
 Marcus
laborat
= Marcus is
working
Imperfect Tense
 Imperfect
= not
completed or a
continuous or
repeated action
that was
happening in the
past
 Aurelia cenabat
Aurelia was eating
Future Tense
 The
action of
the verb
hasn’t
happened yet
 Marcus
militem erit.
 Marcus will
be a soldier
Perfect Tense
 Perfect
comes from
Latin “perfectus” =
completed
 A single action that is
completed in the past
 Sextus arborem
ascendit
 Sextus climbed the
tree
Perfect Tense
 Perfect
tense may
refer to an action that
someone has
completed as of the
present time
 Meus servus alium
lectum tibi paravit.
 My slave has prepared
another bed for you.
Formation of Perfect
Tense
 Go
to 3rd principal part of
verb, drop the “i” & add
endings:
-”i”
- “imus”
- “isti”
- “istis”
- “it”
- “erunt”
 The
action of the verb
has been completed
before some other action
in the past took place
 Translate as “had”
Pluperfect Tense
Pluperfect Tense
 EX:
Aurelia laeta
erat quod ancilla
cenam bonam
paraverat.
 Aurelia was happy
because the slave
woman had served
a good meal.
Formation of Pluperfect
Tense
 Go
to 3rd principal part of
verb, drop the “i” add ERA
+ endings:
-”m”
- “mus”
- “s”
- “tis”
- “t”
- “nt”
OR add the imperfect of
“sum” to the perfect stem
 The
action of the verb will
have been completed before
some other action in future
time begins
 Translate as “will have”
Future Perfect
Tense
Future Perfect
Tense
Ex: Cum Cornelia
ad villam
redierit, Flavia
erit laeta.
 When Cornelia
will have
returned to the
country
farmhouse,
Flavia will be
happy.

Formation of Future
Perfect Tense
 3rd
principal part of verb,
drop the “i” add ERO or ERI +
endings:
-”o”
- “mus”
- “s”
- “tis”
- “t”
- “unt”
Or add the future of “sum” to
the perfect stem





The boys had already thrown the stick.
When we will have arrived at the Forum,
we will meet Cornelius.
The horses had not yet dragged the
carriage out of the ditch.
Aurelia and Cornelia had already rested.
Unless you will have moved another bed
into the bedroom, we will not be willing
to sleep there.
Exercises