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2108 Study Guide II (Sp09)
Chapter 29: Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants:
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Describe the 4 derived characteristics that link charophyceans and land plants
Describe 5 characteristics that distinguish land plants from charophycean algae
o Explain how these features are adaptive for land
 Define and distinguish among the stages of the alternation of generations life cycle
o This is the general cycle, all other clades of plants follow alternate versions of it
 List and distinguish among the 3 phyla of nonvascular plants
o Be able to briefly describe characteristics of each group
 Explain why most nonvascular plants grow close to the ground
 Diagram the life cycle of a moss
o Label the gametophyte and sporophyte stages and the locations of gamete production,
fertilization, and spore production
 List some of the ecological and economic significance of the phyla bryophyte
 Distinguish between microphylls and megaphylls
 Distinguish between homosporous and heterosporous plants
 Explain how vascular plants differ from nonvascular plants
 Explain why seedless vascular plants are most commonly found in moist environments
 Diagram the life cycle of a fern
o Label the antheridia, archegonia, fertilization, sporphyte generation, sori, meiosis,
mitosis, and spores
 Know what purpose xylem and phloem serve and be able to distinguish between the 2
 List and distinguish the 2 phyla of seedless vascular plants
o Be able to briefly describe characteristics of each group
Chapter 30: Seeded Plants
 Name 5 terrestrial adaptations that contributed to the success of seed plants
 Compare the size and independence of the gametophytes of nonvascular, seedless vascular, and
seeded vascular plants
 Describe the ovule of a seed plant
 Explain why pollen grains were an important adaptation for successful reproduction on land
 List and distinguish among the 4 phyla of gymnosperms
 Diagram the life cycle of a pine
o Identify the parts that are the gametophyte generation and the parts that are the
sporophyte generation
 Identify the following floral structures and describe a function for each:
o Sepal, petal, stamen, carpel, filament, anther, stigma, style, ovary, and ovule
 Define fruit and explain how they are adapted to disperse seeds
 Diagram the life cycle of an angiosperm
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Identify the parts that are the gametophyte generation and the parts that are the
sporophyte generation
 Distinguish between monocots and eudicots
 Recognize some of the angiosperms that are most important in the life of humans
Chapter 35: Plant Structure
 Describe and compare the 3 basic organs of vascular plants
o Explain how these basic organs are dependent on each other
 List the basic functions of roots
o Describe and compare the structures and functions of fibrous roots, taproots, root
hairs, and adventitious roots
 Describe the basic structure of plant stems
o Explain the phenomena of apical dominance
 Describe the basic structure of leaves
o Describe and distinguish between the leaves of monocots and eudicots
 Describe the 3 tissue systems that make up plant organs
o Describe and distinguish between the 3 basic cell types of ground tissues
Chapter : Animal Diversity
 Be able to describe the characteristics that define animals
 Be able to explain the process of embryonic development from a zygote to a gastrula
 Know the 4 ways animals are grouped or classified (i.e. symmetry, germ layers, coelom, and
embryonic development)
 Distinguish between the types of symmetry demonstrated by animals
o Explain how an animal’s symmetry fits its way of life
 Know what each of the germ layers are and what they develop into
 Distinguish between acoelomates, pseduocoelomates, and coelomates
o Be able to explain a function of the body cavity
 Distinguish between the following terms:
o Diploblastic and triploblastic
o Spiral and radial cleavage
o Determinate and indeterminate cleavage
 Compare the developmental differences between protostomes and deuterostomes in terms of:
o Pattern of cleavage, fate of blastopore, and coelom formation
 Know the 5 main features of animal phylogeny accepted by both the ‘traditional’ morphological
hypothesis and the ‘new’ molecular hypothesis
o Be able to list one place where they differ
 Distinguish between lophotrochozoans and ecdysozoans in terms of characteristic larval stages