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Study Guide: Ancient Rome THE ROMAN REPUBLIC 1. What were the important geographic features of ancient Rome that shaped where people lived and what they were able to grow on the land ? 2. What is the story of Romulus and Remus, and why is it important to the history of Rome ? 3. What were the early forms of government of the republic of ancient Rome ? Early Republic: 4. What were the social classes of the early Republic and how were the lives of the people in each class different from each other ? 5. What was the organization of the reformed government of the Roman Republic ? 6. What was the importance of the Roman Forum ? 7. How was the Roman Republic able to gain control of the entire peninsula ? 8. What farming and trade developed during the late Republic ? 9. What were the key effects and results of the Punic Wars in the late Roman Republic ? 10. What were some problems the late Roman Republic faced, and who became leaders during the crises ? TRANSITION FORM ROMAN REPUBLIC TO ROMAN EMPIPRE 11. What problems did the Republic face, and what did Cicero try to do to improve the Republic ? 12. What is the story of the rise and fall of Julius Caesar and his role in the Roman Republic’s history ? 13. What were the reasons the Roman Republic fell ? . 14. How did Augustus gain power and move the Roman Republic into the era of the Roman Empire ? . ROMAN EMPIRE 15. Where did the empire expand and why ? 16. Who were the emperors during the Pax Romana and what were their contributions ? 17. What characterized the Pax Romana ? 18. What items were traded through the Roman Empire ? 19. What caused the fall of the Roman Empire ? 20. What are some of the Roman Empire’s legacies in: Science Engineering – Architecture – Art Literature – Language – Military – 21. How is the legacy of Roman law seen in the world today ? RELIGION IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE 22. What religions were practiced in the Roman Empire ? 23. What was progression of conflict between the political leaders of the Roman Republic and Jews ? 24. What were the roots of Christianity ? 25. What were the key events to the life of Jesus ? 26. What was the message of Jesus and who were his followers? 27. How did Christianity develop in Rome ? A. Aenas – Legend says he became ruler of in Italy B. Romulus and Remus – Brothers who legend describes the founding of Rome C. Republic – government where people elect leaders D. Cincinnatus – famous Roman dictator E. Plebians – Common people F. Patricians – powerful nobles G. Magistrates – elected officials H. Consuls – 2 most powerful magistrates I. Roman Senate – council of wealthy and powerful Romans who advised leaders J. Assembly – elected magistrates K. Tribunes – elected officials – elected by plebians; had veto power L. Veto – power to forbid M. Latin – Roman langugage N. Checks and balances – system to prevent abuse of power; limits and balances O. Forum – center of government and religion P. 12 Tables – code of laws displayed in Forum Q. Punic Wars – series of wars against Carthage R. Hannibal – one of greatest generals of ancient world; leader of Carthage S. Spartacus – led revolt of slaves T. Cicero – philosopher and public speaker tried to restore checks and balances U. Julius Caesar –general and dictator V. Marc Antony – leader after Caesar’s death W. Augustus – became sole ruler of Roman Empire X. Cleopatra – married to Marc Antony Y. Hadrian – emperor who built wall between Roman and non Roman empire Z. Pax Romana – peaceful period of Roman Empire AA. Aqueduct – channel to carry water to cities BB. Virgil – poet of epic the Aeneid CC. Ovid – poet of Roman myths DD. Romance languages – developed from Latin EE. Civil law – legal system based on written code of laws