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Democratic-Republican Dominance and Westward Expansion Review I (Use answers to questions # 1-45) In 1800, the American people elected __________ ____________ the third president of the United States. This was the first presidential election in which there was a peaceful transfer of power from one ____________ _________ to another. For the next twenty years Thomas Jefferson’s political party the ___________-_____________s dominated American politics. Jefferson was followed in the presidency by __________ ____________, his good friend from Virginia. Congress declared war on ________ _________ during Madison’s administration, and this war became known as the War of ________. After the War of 1812, the United States witnessed four major trends: 1) _______________ expansion, 2) immigration, 3) ___________ growth, and ________________. During this period, thousands of Americans moved _________. By the time the Civil War began in 1861, the United States had expanded its territory to the ___________ Ocean. Both ____________ and strategic interests caused this western expansion, which was supported by the popular belief in the idea of “____________ Destiny.” During Thomas Jefferson’s presidency, the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from __________. This new territory approximately ____________ the size of the United States. Soon after this purchase, President Jefferson sent the _______ and _________ expedition to explore the new territories west of the Mississippi River. The leaders of this exploration were _____________ Lewis and _________ Clark. _____________, an American Indian woman, served as the guide and translator for the Lewis and Clark expedition. One of the major foreign policy issues faced by President Jefferson was the European war between __________ and ________ ___________. The United States became indirectly involved in this war, because both Great Britain and France violated the United States’ rights as a ____________ nation. Since neither country wanted its enemy to trade with the United States, both nations interfered with ____________ trade. In addition, the __________ navy needed sailors. Consequently, the British stopped and boarded ____________ ships and seized any suspected British deserters. This practice of drafting sailors by force was called _________________. President _____________ needed to develop a policy in response to the impressment of American sailors. He proposed and Congress passed the _____________ Act. Embargo means refuse to __________. Under the terms of the Embargo Act, no American ship could leave an American port for a ____________ port, and no foreign ship could load a cargo at an ______________ city. The Embargo Act brought _____________ disaster to the United States. The ______ ____________ states were hurt the most, because they depended on shipping and trade for economic prosperity. The Federalist Party was officially _________ the Embargo Act. Because the ____________ criticized the Embargo Act’s effect, they gained increasing popular support. The New England state governments, which the Federalists controlled, soon threatened to __________ the Embargo Act. To nullify a law means to _______ it or wipe it out, so that it is no longer a law. When ________ ___________ became president, he needed to solve the economic problems created by the Embargo Act. President Madison chose to replace the Embargo Act with the ______________________ Act. Madison’s Non-Intercourse Act differed from Jefferson’s Embargo Act in one major way. Instead of prohibiting trade with all foreign countries, the Non-Intercourse Act only made ________ with Great Britain and France illegal. Unfortunately, the Non-Intercourse Act was almost as big a _________ as the Embargo Act. This was true, because the British navy continued to ________ American sailors by forcing them to serve on British warships and otherwise interfered with American shipping rights as a _________ nation. British interference with American shipping and the desire for western expansion encouraged many young congressmen from the West to call for a declaration of war against ________ ___________. This 1 group of young Western congressmen was known as the ______ _________. They believed the British were encouraging __________ attacks on American settlers on the western frontier. ________ ______ of Kentucky led the War Hawks. Clay and his supporters hoped that if the Americans won the War of 1812, then the nation could more easily expand west and __________ would become part of the United States. Under pressure from the War Hawks, President __________ in 1812 finally asked Congress to declare war on Great Britain. The War of 1812 lasted from 1812 until early _______. Regional self-interests led to a divided nation during this war against the ____________. The New England ______________ strongly opposed Madison’s request for a declaration of war. These Federalists also talked about secession and proposed several _______________ ______________ that would have limited Congress’ power to impose embargoes, restrict commerce, make war, or admit ______ _________. _____________ criticism of the War of 1812 eventually hurt the party’s popularity with the American people, and the Federalists lost the ability to be competitive in _____________ politics. When the War of 1812 ended in 1815, it did/did not produce any major changes. (Circle did or did not.) Because the American army achieved a major military victory over the British army at the Battle of New Orleans in January 1815, the American people believed/did not believe the United States had won the war. This American belief that the United States had won the War of 1812 led to an American claim on the ____________ Territory, as well as increased migration of American settlers into ____________. In 1819 the United States acquired ___________ from ________ by means of the Adams-Onís Treaty. During the next decade, __________ policy, America’s relations with other countries, continued to concern the United States. 2