Download Fusion Europe and Asia - White Plains Public Schools

Europe and Asia
World History/Napp
“Europeans had not been completely isolated from the rest of the world before the 1400s.
Beginning around 1100, European crusaders battled Muslims for control of the Holy
Lands. In 1275, the Italian trader Marco Polo reached the court of Kublai Khan in China.
For the most part, however, Europeans had neither the interest nor the ability to explore
foreign lands. That changed by the early 1400s. The desire to grow rich and to spread
Christianity, coupled with advances in sailing technology, spurred exploration.
The desire for new sources of wealth was the main reason for European exploration.
Through overseas exploration, merchants and traders hoped ultimately to benefit from
what had become a profitable business in Europe: the trade of spices and other luxury
goods from Asia. The people of Europe had been introduced to these items during the
Crusades. After the Crusades ended, Europeans continued to demand such spices as
nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, and pepper, all of which added flavor to the bland foods of
Europe. Because demand for these goods was greater than the supply, merchants could
charge high prices and thus make great profits.
The Muslims and the Italians controlled the trade of goods from East to West. Muslims
sold Asian goods to Italian merchants, who controlled trade across the land routes of the
Mediterranean region. The Italian merchants resold the items at increased prices to
merchants throughout Europe. Other European traders did not like this arrangement. By
the 1400s, European merchants – as well as the new monarchs of England, Spain, Portugal,
and France – sought to bypass the Italian merchants. This meant finding a sea route
directly to Asia.” ~ World History
Questions:
1- What was a cause of the medieval Crusades?
2- Where did Marco Polo travel?
3- What were reasons for European exploration?
4- Why was European trade with Asia profitable?
5- What spices were Europeans introduced to as a result of the Crusades?
6- How did Muslims control the trade of goods from East to West?
7- How did Italian merchants benefit from the trade of goods from East to West?
8- Why did other European traders not like the role of Muslim and Italian merchants in
the trade of goods from East to West?
9- What did these other Europeans want?
Prince Henry
- The leader in developing
and applying sailing
innovations was Portugal
- Located on the Atlantic
Ocean, Portugal was the
first European country to
establish trading outposts
along the west coast of
Africa
- Eventually, Portuguese
explorers pushed farther
east into the Indian Ocean
- Portugal’s most
enthusiastic supporter of
exploration was Prince
Henry, the son of Portugal’s
king
- In 1419, Henry founded a
navigation school
- Mapmakers, instrument
makers, shipbuilders,
scientists, and sea captains
gathered there to perfect
their trade
Explorers
- The Portuguese believed
that to reach Asia by sea,
they would have to sail
around the southern tip of
Africa
Other Nations
- In 1494, Spain and
Portugal signed the Treaty
of Tordesillas, in which they
agreed to honor a dividing
line established by the Pope
- In 1488, Portuguese
captain Bartolomeu Dias
ventured far down the coast
of Africa until he and his
crew reached the tip and
then sailed round it
- Portugal built a trading
empire in the Indian Ocean
- In 1497, Portuguese
explorer Vasco da Gama
began exploring the east
African coast
- In 1498, he reached the
port of Calicut, on the
southwestern coast of India
- Spain watched Portugal
with increasing envy; the
Spanish monarchs also
desired a direct sea route to
Asia
- Spain concentrated on the
Americas
- Portugal’s success in Asia
attracted the attention of
other European nations
- As early as 1521, a Spanish
expedition led by Ferdinand
Magellan arrived in the
Philippines
- Beginning around 1600, the
English and Dutch began to
challenge Portugal’s
dominance
- In 1619, the Dutch
established their trading
headquarters at Batavia on
the island of Java
- In 1492, Christopher
Columbus, convinced Spain
- Within years, Portuguese
to finance a bold plan:
ships sailed down the
finding a route to Asia by
- The English East India
western coast of Africa
sailing west across the
Company focused much of
Atlantic Ocean
its energy on India
- Who was Prince Henry the Navigator and what did he establish?
- Describe the Portuguese plan of exploration.
- What did Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama accomplish?
- What did Christopher Columbus accomplish?
- Why was the Treaty of Tordesillas important?
- How did the Dutch and the British enter the India Ocean?
A Ship’s Rations
The captain of a 17th-century sailing vessel, with a crew of 190 sailors, would normally
order the following food items for a three-month trip: 8,000 pounds of salt beef; 2,800
pounds of salt pork; 600 pounds of salt cod; a few beef tongues; 15,000 brown biscuits;
5,000 white biscuits; 30 bushels of oatmeal; 40 bushels of dried peas; 1 1/2 bushels of
mustard seed; 1 barrel of salt; 1 barrel of flour; 11 small wooden casks of butter; 1 large
cask of vinegar; 10,500 gallons of beer; 3,500 gallons of water; and 2 large casks of cider.
- Why did a ship need so many provisions?
- Why would a fort at Hormuz help the Portuguese to stop trade between the Arabian
Peninsula and India?
- Where was the Dutch influence the greatest?
Portugal’s attempt to participate directly in
the global spice trade was a factor leading to
the
1. Age of Exploration
2. formation of the Hanseatic League
3. Berlin Conference
4. creation of the Council of Trent
Why is Ferdinand Magellan’s voyage
considered a turning point in world history?
1. Portugal’s claims to southern Africa
were established.
2. His ship was the first to land in the
Americas.
3. One of his ships was the first to
circumnavigate Earth.
4. Britain’s control of the seas ended.
Which technological development enabled
European navigators to determine their
location during the Age of Exploration?
1. lateen sail
2. astrolabe
3. cross bow
4. caravel
One reason Spain sponsored the first voyage
of Columbus to the west was to
1. find a more direct trade route to Asia
2. obtain military technology
3. make contact with the Empire of
Benin
4. trade in established ports in the
Americas
Why is Catholicism a major religion
practiced in Latin America?
1. Spain conquered and colonized much
of Latin America.
2. Disputes over international
boundaries within Latin America
were settled by the pope.
3. The traditional beliefs of Africans
were incorporated into the cultures
of Latin America.
4. The Church provided Latin America
with a strong central government.
In the late 1400s and early 1500s, what was
a major reason for the European voyages of
exploration?
1. introduction of Enlightenment ideas
2. desire to control Constantinople
3. rapid industrialization
4. need for alternate trade routes
Advances in navigation technology and the
desire of Europeans to obtain goods from
Asia are most closely associated with the
1. rise of feudalism
2. Agricultural Revolution
3. Age of Exploration
4. Age of Reason
What was a result of the efforts of Prince
Henry of Portugal, Christopher Columbus,
and Ferdinand Magellan?
1. The importance of Mediterranean
trade routes was established.
2. The modern concept of universal
human rights was promoted.
3. The European view of the physical
world was transformed.
4. An understanding of the benefits of
cultural diversity was encouraged.
The combined usage of the caravel,
compass, and astrolabe in the late 1400s
helped bring about the
1. migration of the Bantu
2. exploration of the Americas
3. introduction of Buddhism to East
Asia
4. voyages of Zheng He
The journeys of Vasco da Gama,
Bartholomeu Dias, and Christopher
Columbus became possible in the late 1400s
because of the
1. support of exploration by the English
government
2. trade connections established by Ibn
Battuta
3. effects of the Atlantic slave trade
4. development of new navigational
instruments and technology
Which geographic feature of Spain and
Portugal most enhanced their ability to
engage in exploration?
1. peninsular location
2. mountainous region
3. extensive river system
4. fertile plain