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Chapters 12, 13, 14 Study Guide
1) Which of the following statements concerning urbanization in China during the Tang -Song era is most accurate?
A) Chinese urbanization was more pronounced in northern China, but lagged in southern China.
B) The imperial capitals were enormous, but there were few other Chinese cities of size.
C) The degree of urbanization reached during the Han dynasty was never achieved during the Tang-Song era,
although some recovery of cities accompanied the commercial revival.
D) Chinese urbanization mushroomed during the Tang-Song era with a higher proportion of the population
living in cities.
E) Cities were depopulated as people moved back into the countryside due to the collapse of the Chinese
economy.
2) The man responsible for the creation of the Sui dynasty was
A) Xuanzong.
B) Yang Guifei.
C) Wendi.
D) Li Yuan.
E) Li Bo.
3) Which of the following statements concerning the extent of the Tang empire is most accurate?
A) The Tang extended the empire in all directions except westward, where the Turks remained entirely
independent of the Chinese emperor.
B) The Tang empire was unable to recover the territorial extent of the Han, but did recover northern areas from
the nomads.
C) The Tang empire incorporated India and southeast Asia as well as the areas north of the Yellow River plain.
D) The Tang built an empire that was far larger than the Han, an empire whose boundaries in many directions
extended beyond the borders of modern China.
E) The Tang empire stopped expanding and was divided into three parts when a civil war broke out.
4) The title of jinshi was reserved for those who
A) were members of the Chinese aristocracy.
B) served in the Chinese military.
C) were members of the imperial family.
D) passed the most difficult exams on Chinese literature.
E) traced their ancestry back to the Han.
5) How did the Song empire compare to the Tang?
A) The Song empire was greater in territorial extent than the Tang empire.
B) The Song empire and the Tang empire were virtually identical in territorial extent.
C) The Song empire was smaller in territorial extent than the Tang empire.
D) Although approximately the same size, the Song empire extended farther north than the Tang.
E) The Song was larger than the Tang and Han.
6) What proved to be the most damaging attack on Buddhismʹs popularity with the people during the early Tang
dynasty?
A) The Buddhistsʹ insistence on rebellion against the emperor
B) The Confuciansʹ successful campaign to convince the emperor that the Buddhist monastic
establishment represented an economic threat
C) The aristocracyʹs concern that the growing Buddhist monastic establishment was monopolizing land
that otherwise would belong to them
D) The entry of nomadic invaders who were Islamic during the ninth century
E) The challenge from Daoism and other polytheistic religions which were appealing to Chinese merchants
7) In what decade did open persecution of Buddhism within the Chinese empire begin?
A) 720s
B) 790s
C) 840s
D) 910s
E) 850s
8) What was the result of the imperial attempt by the Tang to suppress Buddhism within the Chinese empire?
A) Despite official attempts to suppress Buddhism, monastic orders continued to exert political influence and
control landed wealth as they did in the first decades of Tang rule.
B) Buddhism survived the brief imperial persecution and was restored as the primary religion of the state
during the Song dynasty.
C) Buddhism survived the repression, but in a reduced state without the political influence of the early Tang
years.
D) Buddhism was eradicated in China by the end of the Tang era and replaced by the traditional Daoist and
Confucian beliefs.
E) Buddhism became a sect of minor importance but with many followers among the scholar-gentry.
9) Why was the construction of the Grand Canal necessary?
A) Major river systems in China ran from north to south, and the canal was necessary to connect the coastal
regions with the western frontier.
B) Chinese population was increasingly concentrated along the northern plains of the Yangtze River.
C) The Yangtze River valley was becoming the major food -producing region of China by the late Tang era.
D) The canal connected the Tang capitals Changan and Loyang with the newly acquired regions in the North.
E) Peasants were moving from the countryside of southern China to the urban areas of the North.
10) What group was responsible for the fall of the southern Song dynasty in 1279?
A) Jurchens
B) Tanguts
C) Liao
D) Mongols
E) XiXia
11)
What religion played a key role in the transmission of Chinese civilization to Japan?
A) Buddhism
B) Daoism
C) Islam
D) Christianity
E) Hunduism
12)
What was the central purpose of the reforms of 646 in Japan?
A) To remake the Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor
B) To destroy the Confucian scholar-gentry in favor of a military aristocracy
C) To increase the power of the Buddhist monastic structure
D) The destruction of the traditional peasant-conscript army
E) To decentralize the imperial government
13)
What was the military organization of the Heian government in Japan?
A) The emperor formalized the creation of a peasant-conscript army on the model of the Chinese.
B) The emperor accepted the introduction of Chinese troops as the basis for the Japanese army.
C) Formal military organization was abandoned by the emperor as a way to control the bushi.
D) Local members of the aristocracy were ordered to organize militia forces.
E) Buddhist monasteries depended on the bushi for protection.
14)
Warrior leaders in the 10th century in Japan who controlled provincial areas and ruled from small
fortresses in the countryside were called
A) bushi.
B) samurai.
C) kata.
D) seppuku.
E) Gimpei.
15)
Mounted troops owing loyalty to the military elite were called
A) bushi.
B) samurai.
C) kata.
D) Yoritomo.
E) Bakafu.
16)
What was the impact of the rise of the samurai on the peasantry in Japan?
A) Japanese peasants were reduced to the status of serfs bound to the land they worked.
B) The samurai were critical to the development of a free peasantry on which the warriors depended for
supplies of food and arms.
C) The creation of the samurai created a period of great social mobility in Japan during which people
rapidly moved out of the peasantry and into the class of warriors.
D) Although separated from the warriors by rigid class barriers, the peasantry achieved greater levels of
personal freedom and economic prosperity.
E) Peasants who were willing to be trained could become samurai.
17)
The victory of the Minamoto in 1185 led to the creation of
A) the Ashikaga Shogunate.
B) the Tokugawa Shogunate.
C) the imperial government at Heian (Kyoto).
D) the bakufu, or military government at Kamakura.
18)What title was given to the military leader of the bakufu at Kamakura?
A) bakshi
B) shogun
C) sensei
D) kata
E) kiri
19) Which of the following statements concerning the nature of the Korean society is most accurate?
A)
Like the Japanese during the same period, Korean society is typified by the rise of strong merchant
and artisan classes.
B)
Like the Chinese, a wealthy merchant class arose in Korea, but according to Confucian dictates it
never achieved high social status.
C)
Because of the monopolization of all things Chinese by the tiny Korean elite, neither a merchant
nor an artisan class developed in Korea.
D)
Korean society followed the Chinese model of a strong scholar-gentry, a weak
aristocracy, and a highly regarded though politically impotent peasantry.
E)
Korean universities fought the trend toward Sinification by using Korean examination systems.
20) Which of the following was a critical factor in the failure of the Chinese to conquer or assimilate the
Vietnamese?
A) The Vietnamese resistance to Chinese crossed both class and gender barriers
B) The failure of the Chinese to introduce Buddhism
C) The continued cultural impact of Indian culture in Southeast Asia, particularly among the Vietnamese
D) The widespread destruction of the Vietnamese elite
E) The proximity of Vietnam to Chinese centers of power
21). During what period did the nomads of central Asia impact the other global civilizations of the Eastern
Hemisphere during the post classical era?
A) 900 to 1100
B) 1100 to 1300
C) 1200 to 1400
D) 1300 to 1500
E) 800-900
22). In most ways, the Mongols epitomized what type of society and culture?
A) Nomadic
B) Sedentary agricultural
C) Hunting-and-gathering
D) Urban
E) Modern
23). Which of the following statements concerning leadership in Mongol society is most correct?
A) The Mongols recognized two royal families, and all leaders were the oldest males of the lineages.
B) Mongols often recognized the leadership of females who traced their descent from female deities.
C) Mongol leadership was based on patrilineal descent from the Kuriltai tribe.
D) Leaders were elected by free males and held office for as long as they could keep it.
E) Leaders were drawn from the scholar-gentry class but had to exhibit military skills.
24). The Mongol military forces were
A) composed of a mixture of infantry and cavalry.
B) entirely cavalry.
C) entirely infantry.
D) technologically inferior to most of their opponents.
E) armed with firearms
25). What was the religious policy of the Mongol empire under Chinggis Khan?
A) He was converted to Islam late in his life.
B) He practiced no religious beliefs himself, but tolerated Islam only.
C) All religions were tolerated in his empire.
D) Buddhism became the state religion of the Mongol empire.
E) After the Russian campaign the Mongols became Orthodox Christians.
26). Following Chinggis Khanʹs death, what was the provision for the administration of the empire?
A) It was divided into four regional kingdoms, or khanates, ruled by his sons and grandsons.
B) It was centralized with a Mongol bureaucracy located at the Chinese capital of Tatu.
C) The empire immediately fragmented into its constituent tribes and clans.
D) It passed as a single government with its capital at Karakorum to Chinggis Khanʹs oldest son.
E) Mandarins from China were brought in to help administer the empire under the guidance of the
grand khan.
27). What was the nature of the Russian resistance to the Mongol invasion?
A) The Russian cities allied rapidly to confront the Mongols with a united force.
B) As the leading commercial centers of Russia, Kiev and Novgorod allied to create a substantial
military force that saved those cities from destruction.
C) The Russians appealed to the Byzantine Empire to provide them with military assistance against the
Mongols.
D) The princes of Russia refused to cooperate among themselves and were routed individually.
E) The Russian peasants conducted guerilla warfare under the leadership of the Kievan Rus.
28). What Russian city profited most from the Mongol invasion?
A) Novgorod
B) Kiev
C) Moscow
D) Petrograd
E) Ekaterinberg
29). What was the most significant impact of the period of the Mongol rule on Russia?
A) The period of Mongol rule reinforced the isolation of Russia from western Europe and the developments
of the Renaissance and Reformation.
B) The Mongols aided the Russians in gaining political dominance over the peoples of the Asiatic steppes.
C) The period of Mongol rule introduced many Islamic people into the region of Russia.
D) The Mongol domination resulted in the destruction of Eastern Orthodoxy and the rise of Nestorian
Christianity.
E) Mongol rule introduced Russia to advanced Asian technology imported from China.
30). What two social groups that suffered low status under the Confucian social system benefited most from the
Yuan administration?
A) Peasants and aristocracy
B) Scholar-gentry and aristocracy
C) Criminals and slaves
D) Military elite and scholar-gentry
E) Merchants and artisans
Fill in the Blank 31-35.
A. Southern Song
B. Li Bo
C. Li Yuan
D. Wendi
E. Gunpowder
31.
was a member of a prominent northern family following the fall of the Han, who proclaimed himself
emperor and established the Sui dynasty.
32. Minister for Yangdi,
, the duke of Tang, took over the empire following the assassination of the last
emperor of the Sui dynasty.
33. The much-reduced state of the Song dynasty from 1127 to 1279 was referred to as the
.
34. The most famous poet of the Tang era,
_, blended images of the mundane world with philosophical
musings.
35. The invention of
military applications as well.
was originally used for entertainment purposes, but by the late Song era was used in
Fill in the Blank 36-40
A. Shoguns
B. Nguyen
C. The Tale of Genji
D. Choson
E. Trinh
36. Written by Lady Murasaki,
was the first Japanese novel.
37.
were military leaders of the military government established by the Minamoto.
38. The earliest kingdom in Korea,
, was conquered by the Han emperor Wudi in 109 B.C.E.
39. The Hanoi-based dynasty of the North that ruled during the period of Vietnamese expansion was the
.
40. The dynasty that emerged in the frontier areas of southern Vietnam and who challenged the Hanoi-based dynasty was
the .
Fill in the Blank 41-45
A. White Lotus Society
B. Ju Yuanzhang
C. Golden Horde
D. Mamluks
E. Hulegu
41. The
was one of the four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after the death of Chinggis Khan
and covered much of what is today south-central Russia.
42. ____, ruler of the Ilkhan khanate, was responsible for the capture and destruction of Baghdad.
43. The Mongols were finally defeated in the Middle East by the armies of the
, a slave dynasty
of Egypt.
44. Secret religious sects, such as the
, were dedicated to the overthrow of the Yuan dynasty.
45. A man from an impoverished peasant family,
, emerged to found the Ming dynasty.