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Back 1. Lumbar punctures or spinal taps are cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),which is found (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) performed to withdraw in the epidural space in the subdural space between the pia mater and the spinal cord in the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid layer and dura mater 2. Rupture of the internal vertebral venous plexus results in an accumulation of blood in which of the following spaces? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) Space deep to the pia mater Space between the arachnoid and dura maters Subdural space Epidural space Subarachnoid space 3.A patient has two masses of tumors in the intervertebral foramina between the fouth and fifth thoracic vertebrae.Which of the following spinal nerve may be damaged? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) Fourth cervical Fifth cervical Fourth cervical Fifth cervical Third cervical and fourth thoracic nerves and fifth thoracic nerves and fifth thoracic nerves and ourth thoracic nerves and ourth thoracic nerves 4.The anterior longitudinal ligament (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) lies between the intervertebral disk and the dura extends from the coccyx to the atlas ends superiorly as the tectorial membrane limits flexion of the vertebral column is narrow at the upper end but widens as it descends 5.Which of the following structures is the primary site for absorption of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) into the venous system? (A) Choroid plexus (B) Vertebral venous plexus (C) Arachnoid villi (D) Internal jugular vein (E) Subarachnoid trabeculae 6. A patient is brought to the emergency department with multiple fractures of the transverse processes of the cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae . Which of the following muscles might be paralyzed? (A) Trapezius (B) Levator scapulae (C) Rhomboid major (D) Serratus posterior superior (E) Rectus capitis posterior major 7.The body of vertebra T4 articulates with the (A) head of the (B) neck of the (C) tubercle of (D) head of the (E) tubercle of third rib fouth rib the fouth rib fifth rib the fifth rib 8.The obliquus capitis inferior muscle in the suboccipital region (A) originates from the posterior tubercle of the atlas (B) inserts on the transverse process of the axis (C) is attached to the occipital bone of the skull (D) is innervated by the greater occipital nerve (E) forms a boundary of the suboccipital triangle 9.A patient is brought to a hospital with multiple injuries ,including lesions of the dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves .these lesions could result in paralysis of which of the following muscles ? (A) Rhomboid major (B) Levator scapulae (C) Serratus posterior superior (D) Iliocostalis (E) Latissimus dorsi 10.A stab near the superior angle of the scapula injuring both the dorsal scapular nerve and the spinal accessory nerve would result in paralysis or weakness of which of the following muscles ? (A) Trapezius and serratus posterior superior (B) (C) (D) (E) Rhomboid major and trapezius Rhomboid major and latissimus dorsi Splenius cervicis and sternocleidomastoid Levator scapular and erector spinae 11.When cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) is withdrawn by lumbar puncture, which of the following structures is most likely penetrated by the needle? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) Pia mater Filum terminale externum Posterior longitudinal ligament Ligamentum flavum Anulus fibrosus 12.Which of the following structures would be spared if the spinal cord is crushed at the fourth lumbar spinal cord level? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) Dorsal horn Ventral horn Lateral horn Gray matter Pia matter 13.The internal vertebral venous plexus (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) is formed primarily by two vertbral veins contains numerous valves has no communication with cranial venous sinuses is located in the subdural space is the route of metastasis of carcinoma from the lung ,breast ,and prostate gland to the bones and the brain. 14.The suboccipital nerve is injured by knife wound at the point where it emerges from between the vertebral artery and the posterior arch of the atlas . which of the following muscles is spared from paralysis? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) Rectus capitis posterior major Semispinalis capitus Splenius capitis Obliquus capitis superior Obliquus capitis inferior 15.The atlantoaxial joint allows which of the following head ? movement of the (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) Extension Flexion Abduction Adduction Rotation 16.Which of the following ligaments is posterior to the spinal cord ? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) Anterior longitudinal ligament Alar ligament Posterior longitudinal ligament Cruciform ligament Ligamentum nuchae 17.The spinal epidural space (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) may be entered via the sacral hiatus extends from the base of the skull to the second lumbar vertebra contains an external vertebral venous plexus contains cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) is the space deep to the dura mater 18.An abnormally increased curvature of the thoracic vertebral column results in which of the following conditions? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) Lordosis Spina bifida occulta Meninggomyelocele Meninggocele Kyphosis 19.Which of the following conditions is produced by a force that drives the trunk forward while the head lags behind in a rear-end automobile collision ? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) Scoliosis Hangman’s syndrome Meningomyelocele Whiplash injury Herniated disk 20.The victim of an automobile accident is brought to the emergency department with a crushed second cervical vertebra (axis). .Which of the following structures would be intact after the accident ? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) Alar ligament Apical ligament Semispinalis cervicis muscle Rectus capitis posterior minor Obliquus capitis inferior 21.A lateral extension of the pia mater forms which of the following structures ? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) Filum terminale internum Coccygeal ligament Denticulate ligament Choroid plexus Tectorial membrane 22. Which of the following structures is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve and the scapula ? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) Semispinalis capitis Rhomboid major Multifidus Rotator longus Iliocostalis 23.After an automobile accident,a back muscle, which forms the boundaries of the triangle of auscultation and the lumbar triangle,receives no blood. Which of the following muscles might be ischemic? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) Levator scapulae Rhomboid minor Latissimus dorsi Trapezius Splenius capitis 24. Which of the following muscles become ischemic soon after ligation of the superficial or ascending branch of the transverse cervical artery? (A) (B) (C) (D) Latissimus dorsi Multifidus Trapezius Rhomboid major (E) Longissimus capitis 25. Which of the following statements concerning the structure of the back is correct? (A) Paralysis of the erector spinae may result from a lesion of the ventral primary rami of the spinal nerves (B) Injury to the suboccipital nerve causes loss of cutaneous sensation in the occipital region (C) The sacrum is composed of five fused sacral vertebrae and has five pairs of foramina for sacral nerves (D) Fracture of the transverse process of the atlas may impair functions of the superior and inferior obliquus capitis muscles (E) The posterior longitudinal ligament is penetrated by the needle during lumbar puncture Match each of the following description with the appropriated structure on the computed tomography(CT) scan of the back. 26.Indicates cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) in the subarachnoid space. 27.is formed by the dorsal and ventral roots of the lumbar and sacral nerve. 28.is a conical end of the spinal cord ,which terminates at the level of the second lumbar vertebra. 29.Consists of a central nuclus fibrosus. pulposus and the surrounding anulus 30.Is produced by vascular choroid plexuses in the ventricles of the brain and accumulated in the subarachnoid space.