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1. Lumbar punctures or spinal taps are
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),which is found
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
performed
to
withdraw
in the epidural space
in the subdural space
between the pia mater and the spinal cord
in the subarachnoid space
between the arachnoid layer and dura mater
2. Rupture of the internal vertebral venous plexus results in an
accumulation of blood in which of the following spaces?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Space deep to the pia mater
Space between the arachnoid and dura maters
Subdural space
Epidural space
Subarachnoid space
3.A patient has two masses of tumors in the intervertebral foramina
between the fouth and fifth thoracic vertebrae.Which of the following
spinal nerve may be damaged?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Fourth cervical
Fifth cervical
Fourth cervical
Fifth cervical
Third cervical
and fourth thoracic nerves
and fifth thoracic nerves
and fifth thoracic nerves
and ourth thoracic nerves
and ourth thoracic nerves
4.The anterior longitudinal ligament
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
lies between the intervertebral disk and the dura
extends from the coccyx to the atlas
ends superiorly as the tectorial membrane
limits flexion of the vertebral column
is narrow at the upper end but widens as it descends
5.Which of the following structures is the primary site for absorption
of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) into the venous system?
(A) Choroid plexus
(B) Vertebral venous plexus
(C) Arachnoid villi
(D) Internal jugular vein
(E) Subarachnoid trabeculae
6. A patient is brought to the emergency department with multiple
fractures of the transverse processes of the cervical and upper thoracic
vertebrae . Which of the following muscles might be paralyzed?
(A) Trapezius
(B) Levator scapulae
(C) Rhomboid major
(D) Serratus posterior superior
(E) Rectus capitis posterior major
7.The body of vertebra T4 articulates with the
(A) head of the
(B) neck of the
(C) tubercle of
(D) head of the
(E) tubercle of
third rib
fouth rib
the fouth rib
fifth rib
the fifth rib
8.The obliquus capitis inferior muscle in the suboccipital region
(A) originates from the posterior tubercle of the atlas
(B) inserts on the transverse process of the axis
(C) is attached to the occipital bone of the skull
(D) is innervated by the greater occipital nerve
(E) forms a boundary of the suboccipital triangle
9.A patient is brought to a hospital with multiple injuries ,including
lesions of the dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves .these lesions
could result in paralysis of which of the following muscles ?
(A) Rhomboid major
(B) Levator scapulae
(C) Serratus posterior superior
(D) Iliocostalis
(E) Latissimus dorsi
10.A stab near the superior angle of the scapula injuring both the dorsal
scapular nerve and the spinal accessory nerve would result in paralysis
or weakness of which of the following muscles ?
(A) Trapezius and serratus posterior superior
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Rhomboid major and trapezius
Rhomboid major and latissimus dorsi
Splenius cervicis and sternocleidomastoid
Levator scapular and erector spinae
11.When cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) is withdrawn by lumbar puncture, which
of the following structures is most likely penetrated by the needle?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Pia mater
Filum terminale externum
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Anulus fibrosus
12.Which of the following structures would be spared if the spinal cord
is crushed at the fourth lumbar spinal cord level?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Dorsal horn
Ventral horn
Lateral horn
Gray matter
Pia matter
13.The internal vertebral venous plexus
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
is formed primarily by two vertbral veins
contains numerous valves
has no communication with cranial venous sinuses
is located in the subdural space
is the route of metastasis of carcinoma from the lung ,breast ,and
prostate gland to the bones and the brain.
14.The suboccipital nerve is injured by knife wound at the point where
it emerges from between the vertebral artery and the posterior arch of
the atlas . which of the following muscles is spared from paralysis?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Rectus capitis posterior major
Semispinalis capitus
Splenius capitis
Obliquus capitis superior
Obliquus capitis inferior
15.The atlantoaxial joint allows which of the following
head ?
movement of the
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Extension
Flexion
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
16.Which of the following ligaments is posterior to the spinal cord ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Alar ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Cruciform ligament
Ligamentum nuchae
17.The spinal epidural space
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
may be entered via the sacral hiatus
extends from the base of the skull to the second lumbar vertebra
contains an external vertebral venous plexus
contains cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)
is the space deep to the dura mater
18.An abnormally increased curvature of the thoracic vertebral column
results in which of the following conditions?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Lordosis
Spina bifida occulta
Meninggomyelocele
Meninggocele
Kyphosis
19.Which of the following conditions is produced by a force that drives
the trunk forward while the head lags behind in a rear-end automobile
collision ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Scoliosis
Hangman’s syndrome
Meningomyelocele
Whiplash injury
Herniated disk
20.The victim of an automobile accident is brought to the emergency
department with a crushed second cervical vertebra (axis). .Which of the
following structures would be intact after the accident ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Alar ligament
Apical ligament
Semispinalis cervicis muscle
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Obliquus capitis inferior
21.A lateral extension of the pia mater forms which of the following
structures ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Filum terminale internum
Coccygeal ligament
Denticulate ligament
Choroid plexus
Tectorial membrane
22. Which of the following structures is innervated by the dorsal scapular
nerve and the scapula ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Semispinalis capitis
Rhomboid major
Multifidus
Rotator longus
Iliocostalis
23.After an automobile accident,a back muscle, which forms the boundaries
of the triangle of auscultation and the lumbar triangle,receives no blood.
Which of the following muscles might be ischemic?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Latissimus dorsi
Trapezius
Splenius capitis
24. Which of the following muscles become ischemic soon after ligation
of the superficial or ascending branch of the transverse cervical
artery?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Latissimus dorsi
Multifidus
Trapezius
Rhomboid major
(E) Longissimus capitis
25. Which of the following statements concerning the structure of the back
is correct?
(A) Paralysis of the erector spinae may result from a lesion of the ventral
primary rami of the spinal nerves
(B) Injury to the suboccipital nerve causes loss of cutaneous sensation
in the occipital region
(C) The sacrum is composed of five fused sacral vertebrae and has five
pairs of foramina for sacral nerves
(D) Fracture of the transverse process of the atlas may impair functions
of the superior and inferior obliquus capitis muscles
(E) The posterior longitudinal ligament is penetrated by the needle during
lumbar puncture
Match each of the following description with the appropriated structure
on the computed tomography(CT) scan of the back.
26.Indicates cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) in the subarachnoid space.
27.is formed by the dorsal and ventral roots of the lumbar and sacral
nerve.
28.is a conical end of the spinal cord ,which terminates at the level of
the second lumbar vertebra.
29.Consists of a central nuclus
fibrosus.
pulposus and the surrounding anulus
30.Is produced by vascular choroid plexuses in the ventricles of the brain
and accumulated in the subarachnoid space.