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AP Biology Cellular Reproduction and Molecular Genetics Chapter 7.1-7.3 – The Cell Cycle Study Guide Chapter 7.1–7.3 – Asexual (Cellular) Reproduction and The Cell Cycle* *Adapted and modified from Robbyn Tuinstra’s work 1. Identify THREE reasons why cells need to divide. 2. Compare and contrast the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes. PROKARYOTIC CHROMOSOMES EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOMES 3. Describe binary fission. Why is it considered asexual? 4. Compare and contrast binary fission and mitosis. BINARY FISSION MITOSIS 5. List the three phases of interphase and briefly describe what happens during each phase. PHASE DESCRIPTION 6. A eukaryotic chromosome is composed of more than ________________ protein, the majority of the proteins are called ________________. 7. Define the following terms: DEFINITION Nucleosome Chromatin Chromosome Page 1 of 4 AP Biology Cellular Reproduction and Molecular Genetics Chapter 7.1-7.3 – The Cell Cycle Study Guide Page 2 of 4 AP Biology Cellular Reproduction and Molecular Genetics Chapter 7.1-7.3 – The Cell Cycle Study Guide Using the following diagram, explain the difference between a chromatid, a chromosome, a centromere, and a kinetochore. Does this figure represent a replicated or non-replicated chromosome? 8. Define the following terms: DEFINITION Centrioles Spindle Centrosome Spindle Metaphase plate Cleavage furrow Cell plate 9. Briefly describe what happens during each phase of mitosis. DESCRIPTION OF EVENTS Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis Page 3 of 4 AP Biology Cellular Reproduction and Molecular Genetics Chapter 7.1-7.3 – The Cell Cycle Study Guide 10. Describe the role and components of the cytoskeleton responsible for formation of the cleavage furrow and completing cellular division in animal cells. 11. Describe how a new cell wall is formed during plant cell division. 12. In which eukaryotic organisms can mitosis function as a method of reproduction? Is this type of reproduction sexual or asexual? Why? 13. Review alternation of generations. Discuss the role of mitosis in the alternation of generations life cycle. Control of the Cell Cycle and Cancer (you may need to use the index for some of the terms) 14. What directs the sequential events of the cell cycle? What internal and external cues help regulate the cell cycle? 15. List the various checkpoints that occur in the cell. What is the significance or importance of the checkpoints in the cell cycle? 16. For many cells, what seems to be the most important checkpoint? What happens to the cell if it meets the requirements of this checkpoint? What happens to the cell if it fails to meet the requirements of this checkpoint? 17. Define apoptosis. Describe the series of events that occurs during apoptosis. 18. Explain how the opposing processes of apoptosis and mitosis maintain the number of somatic cells at an appropriate level. 19. How are cancer cells different from normal cells? CANCER CELLS NORMAL CELLS 20. Describe sources of DNA mutations that may lead to cancer. 21. Define proto-oncogene (oncogen) and tumor suppressor gene. Give an example of each and how mutations in these genes may lead to a carcinogenic event. Page 4 of 4
