Download AP Test Review for World History Prepared by J. Wallace, Groton

AP Test Review for World History
Prepared by J. Wallace, Groton School
Foundations (8000 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)
Region
SubSaharan
Africa
N. Africa
& Middle
East
Themes

traditional linguistic groups and social
organization
 Bantu migrations
 traditional forms of economic exchange
Mesopotamia
 surplus, specialization, and urbanization
 hierarchy and social organization
 introduction of private property
 introduction of legal systems
 introduction of written language
 Judaism, history of Israel, and important
teachings of the bible
Egypt




comparison between Egyptian and
Mesopotamian civilizations (structures,
organization, centralization)
introduction of monotheism
important cultural accomplishments
trading patterns in the Mediterranean world
Terms
griots
Bantu
kin-based societies
Mesopotamia
Agricultural
Revolution
surplus
specialization
civilization
Fertile Crescent
Sumer
city-states
cuneiform
ziggurat
Babylon
Code of Hammurabi
Roman Palestine
 pros and cons of Roman imperial rule
 Jewish-Roman relations, guerrilla war, Jewish
revolt, and the political context of Jesus's life
 themes and teachings of Christianity
Central
Asia




South
Asia


comparison of nomadic civilizations to
sedentary civilizations in the Mediterannean
and Asia
achievements of early urban civilizations in
Mohenjo Daro and Harappa
social organization and civil society in
Mohenjo Daro and Harappa
Aryan invasions and the cultural synthesis
between Aryan and Dravidian elements,
forming Hinduism
evolution of Hinduism
Hinduism as a religion, social system, and
ethical base
vendettas
pastoralists
tribute payments
three-generation cycle
Mohenjo-Daro
Harappa
Aryan
rajas
Vedas
Upanishads
Alexander the Great
Bactria
Mauryans
Chandragupta Maurya
Mauryan Empire
Mauryans
Arthashastra
 centralization of government under Mauryan Ashoka
jainism
rulers
monsoons
 origins and spread of Buddhism



Egypt
pyramid
pharaoh
Akhenaton
hieroglyphics
papyrus
Queen Nefertiti
Roman Palestine
Herod the Great
Judea
Pharisees
Sadducees
Pontius Pilate
Jesus Christ
John the Baptist
zealots
Sermon on the Mount
Beatitudes
messiah
Temple of Solomon
Jewish Revolt
Saint Paul
gentiles
Holy Trinity
major teachings of Buddhism
Guptas
split and comparison between two major
Gupta Empire
branches of Buddhism
Chandra Gupta
economic integration of the area and spread of
Hinduism
Brahman
atman
samsara
reincarnation
karma
dharma
caste (varna)
jati
Brahmins
Kshatriyas
Vaishyas
Shudras
untouchables
sati
artha
kama
moksha
ahimsa
Buddhism
Gotama Siddhartha
Middle Path
trade (by land and by sea)
Guptas


comparison between Mauryan and Gupta rule
Gupta cultural, scientific, and mathematical
achievements
Origins and Philosophies
 development of river valley civilizations
 development and comparison of major
philosophic schools (as a result of unrest
during Era of Warring States)
 centralization and legalism under Qin
Dynasty--benefits and drawbacks
 Han reaction to government of Qin
Origins and Philosophies
loess
eunuch
Shang Dynasty
Zhou Dynasty
Period of the Warring States
Confucius (Kong Fuzi or K'ung Fu-Tzu)
Analects
junzi
ren
li
Han Dynasty
filial piety
 cultural and scientific achievements
five cardinal relationships
East Asia
 economic crises and divide between rich and Mencius
Xunzi
poor
 source of political dissatisfaction and various Taoism (Daoism)
Laozi
uprisings
Tao Te Ching (Daodejing)
 dynastic cycle
tao (dao)
 comparison of Han civilizations to ancient
yin and yang
Rome and Greece
Shang Yang
Han Fei-Tzu (Han Feizi)
Legalism
Sui Dynasty
Qin (Ch'in) Dynasty
 governmental structure of Sui
Qin Shihuangdi
terra cotta army
 economic achievements
Olmec

Cultural and scientific achievements of early Mayans
Americas
Popol Vuh
American societies
Teotihuacan
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece
 comparison between Athenian and Spartan arête
polis
civilizations
Assembly
 status of women, slaves, and foreigners
Council of 500
 development of democratic governments
ostracism
 war with Persia--causes and effects
slave
citizen
 formation of an Athenian empire
Athens
 decline of Athens in war against Sparta
Sparta
 Alexander the Great and his strengths and
helots
weaknesses
oligarchy
 Hellenism and the effect of Alexander in Asia direct democracy
Europe
 cultural and scientific achievements in Athens, representative democracy
republic
particularly theater and philosophy
Solon
Cleisthenes
Ancient Rome
Delian League
 comparison of Roman government and society Pericles
Peloponnesian War
to that of Athens, Sparta, and Han China
Alexander the Great
 position of women and slaves
Hellenism
 issues of class, employment, and political
humanism
participation
Socrates
 development of empire in the Mediterranean Aristotle
Pythagoras
 transformation to a Christian Empire
Cross-Cultural Comparisons:

role of women in different religions

comparison of the caste system to other forms of social hierarchy and inequity

comparison of governments--centralized versus decentralized systems of rule

collapse of Roman Empire compared to the collapse of the Han Empire in China
Four Noble Truths
Eightfold Path
Mahayana
Theravada
bodhisattva
Han Dynasty
Liu Bang
Han Dynasty (Former Han
and Later Han)
Han Wudi (Emperor Wu)
Confucian ScholarOfficial System
silk roads
Wang Mang
Yellow Turban uprising
mandate of heaven (Tian)
Sui Dynasty
Sui Yangdi
Sui Dynasty
Grand Canal
Ancient Rome
Plebians
Patricians
Tribunes
Senate
Roman Empire
bread and circuses
proletariat
Julius Caesar
Tiberius Gracchus
Pax Romana
Augustus (Octavian)
Cleopatra VII
Mark Antony
Edict of Constantine
Edict of Theodosius
600 to 1450
Region
Themes
Terms
West Africa
 spread of Islam and its affects on government
and the people
 syncretic Islam in West Africa and the
fundamentalist reaction
 cultural, political, and economic achievements
of West African Governments
East Africa
 Indian Ocean basin trade--what goods, from
where, and to where
 spread of Islam--compare to West Africa
 cultural, political, and economic achievements
of East African Governments
Sub-Saharan
Africa
Southern Africa
 arrival of the Europeans and their effect on
Southern Africa
 syncretic Christianity and the political
movements that arise from it--compare to
syncretic Islam
 how the Europeans take control
General Issues
 role of women in politics and society
(compare to the Middle East and Europe)
 wealth and status
 traditional social organization
Rise of Islam
 historical development of Islam, the
importance of the community, and the
theocratic model
 main tenets and beliefs of Islam, including
relations between the three monotheistic
religions
 political divisions within Islam
 cultural and scientific achievements within
N. Africa and
Islamic world
Middle East
 comparison between the Umayyad and
Abbasid Empires
Ottoman Empire
 formation of the Ottoman Empire
 political structure of the empire and the
devshirme system
 cultural and scientific achievements
West Africa
Kingdom of Ghana
Kingdom of Kongo
cowries
Koumbi-Saleh
Mali Empire
Sundiata
Mansa Musa
Songhay
Sunni Ali
Gao
Timbuktu
Fulani
East Africa
Swahili
Zimbabwe
Zanj Revolt
Axum
Kilwa
Mogadishu
Southern Africa
King Afonso
Ndongo
Queen Nzinga
Cape Town
Antonian Movement
Dona Beatriz
Rise of Islam
Muhammad
hajj
Mecca
Islam
Muslim
bedouin
Allah
Qur'an
Kaaba
hijra
umma
Five Pillars
jihad
Sharia
Caliph
"Rightly Guided
Caliphs"
Ali
Shia (Shiite)
Sunni
Umayyad Dynasty
Abbasid Dynasty
Abu al-Abbas
dar al-Islam
ulema
qadis
Baghdad
sakk
caravanserais
Cordoba
hijab
Ibn Khaldun
madrasas
Sufis
al-Ghazali
Arabian Nights
Ibn Rushd
dhimmi
jizya
Ottoman Empire
Sultan Mehmed II
Istanbul
devshirme
Janissaries
Turks & Mongols
 political, military, and social organization of
the Mongols
 short- and long-term impact on Asia
 comparison between Turks and Mongols
 major Turk and Mongol rulers and their
strengths and weaknesses
Central Asia
 spread into Eastern Europe
 comparison of Mongol rule in Persia and
China
 why the Mongols did not rule for long (good
conquerors and not good administrators)
 overall strength and cultural advancement of
this region before the advent of European seaborne trade

South Asia


pattern of centralization and decentralization
in Indian history
spread of Islam onto the subcontinent
economic and commercial system of the
Indian Ocean
Mongols
Chinggis Khan
Karakorum
Khubilai Khan
Marco Polo
Yuan Dynasty
Golden Horde
Turks
Saljuq Turks
Tamerlane
Osman
ghazi
King Harsha
Mahmud of Ghazni
Sultanate of Delhi
dhows
junks
emporia
Shankara
Ramanuja
Tang Dynasty
 cultural and economic achievements of the
Tang; including transportation and
communication, equal-field system, and merit
bureaucracy
 spread of Buddhism to China and role of
monasteries
 reasons for decline and fall
Song Dynasty
 economic progress and achievements in the
Song, including paper money
 reasons for decline and fall
 partriarchy and gender relations in China
East Asia
Yuan Dynasty
 Mongol rule of China, including the structure Song Dynasty
and impact of their rule
Song Dynasty
Hangzhou
footbinding
Ming Dynasty
"south-pointing
 revival of Chinese rule
needle"
 cultural achievements including art
"flying cash"
 Chinese exploration, including how it started, Marco Polo
where it went, and why it was stopped
(compare to the European Age of Exploration)
 tribute system and cultural influence on Korea
and Japan
Japan



Southeast
Asia & Pacific
Islands
Tang Dynasty
Chang'an
Tang Dynasty
equal-field system
bureaucracy of merit
tribute system
Neo-Confucianism

creation of the shogunate
medieval organization in Japan
comparison to medieval Europe
spread of Islam to Southeast Asia, especially
Malaysia and Indonesia, through Arab traders
Yuan Dynasty
Lamaist Buddhism
Khubilai Khan
Ming Dynasty
Emperor Hongwu
mandarins
Emperor Yongle
Zheng He
Great Wall of
China
Korea
Silla Dynasty
kowtow
tribute system
Japan
Shinto
shogun
daimyo
samurai
bushido
suppuku (hara-kiri)
kamikaze
Europe
Byzantine Empire
 inheritance from Roman rule
 comparison of Byzantine civilization with
Western Europe, including eventual conflicts
 achievements during the Justinian period
Byzantine Empire
Constantinople
 decline and fall to the Ottoman Turks
Constantine
caesaropapist
Medieval Western Europe
Justinian
 early decentralized period and the role of the Hagia Sofia
Church at this time
Justinian's Code
theme system
 feudal system and comparison to Japan's
iconoclasm
medieval structure
patriarchs
 development of Church power and influence popes
 development of contest between Church and Eastern Orthodox
state for political power
Church
 development of cities and urban areas outside schism
Fourth Crusade
of the control of feudal lords
 centralization of power in the hands of secular excommunication



authorities by the high middle ages
causes and effects of the Crusades
effects of demographics shifts in the Hundred
Years War and the Black Plague
the effects of the Mongol Golden Horde in
Golden Horde
Russia
Cross-Cultural Comparisons:

Japanese and European feudalism

development of political institutions in Eastern versus Western Europe

compare the role and function of cities

compare European and African contacts with the Islamic World
Russia
Medieval Western
Europe
Gaul
Franks
Clovis
Carolingians
Charlemagne
missi dominici
Norse
Vikings
Holy Roman
Empire
feudalism
lord
vassal
fief
serf
manor
Roman Catholic
Church
Pope Gregory I
papal primacy
monasticism
St. Benedict and
Benedictine Rule
universities
scholasticism
St. Thomas
Aquinas
Dominicans
Franciscans
heresy
Investiture Contest
lay investiture
William the Conqueror
crop rotation
Hanseatic League
chivalry
troubadour
burghers
charters of incorporation
guilds
common law
trial by jury
Magna Carta
Pope Urban II
crusades
anti-Semitism
reconquista
Saladin
Bubonic Plague
flagellants
becchini
Hundred Years War
Joan of Arc
1450-1750
Region
Themes
Arrival of the Europeans
 affect of the slave trade on African societies
 the conditions of slave raiding and trading in
the Atlantic
Sub-Saharan
Africa
 the triangular trade in the Atlantic, of which
slave trading was one leg
 destinations of African slaves in the Americas
Ottoman Empire (continued from before 1450)
 Suleyman the Magnificent and the furthest
reaches of the Ottomans
 the cultural and political achievements of the
Ottomans
 relations with Europe
 reasons for the decline of the Ottoman
Empire, including a comparison to the
Safavids and the Mughals (all empires started
by Turkish peoples)
N. Africa and
Middle East
Safavid Empire
 Shah Ismail and the formation of the Safavid
dynasty
 structure of the political and religious regime
 comparison of Safavid with their rivals the
Ottomans
 relations with Europe
 reasons for decline (including comparison to
Ottomans and Mughals)
Terms
Arrival of the Europeans
triangular trade
Middle Passage
African Diaspora
Ottoman Empire (continued)
Suleyman the Magnificent
millet
Topkapi Palace
Sinan Pasha
Selim the Sot
Ibrahim the Crazy
Wahhabi Movement
Piri Reis
Safavid Empire
Shah Ismail
qizilbash
Battle of Chaldiran
Shah Abbas the Great
Isfahan

Comparison of the longevity of the Turks (as
seen in the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal
Empires) to the short-lived strength of the
Mongols
Central Asia
 how new European sea-trade circumvented
the Silk Road, causing Europe to expand and
Central Asia to decline
Mughal Empire
 The origins of a Turkish empire in South Asia
 religious tolerance (as personified in Akbar)
versus religious persecution (as personified in
Aurangzeb)
 tensions and reasons for decline (including a Mughal Empire
Babur
comparison to Ottomans and Safavids, also
Akbar
Turkish empires)
"divine faith"
Aurangzeb
South Asia
Arrival of the Europeans
Sikhism
 how did the Europeans establish a foothold in Fatephur Sikri
South Asia?
Taj Mahal
Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi
 structure of European rule: how much
authority did they have, and was it economic,
political, or both?
 why were they able to dominate the political
scene so quickly?
 affect on trade in the Indian Ocean
Arrival of the Europeans
Afonso d'Alboquerque
British East India
Company
Qing Dynasty
 the creation of the Qing by the invading
Manchus and how they assimilated to Chinese
ruling traditions
Ming Dynasty (continued)
 relationship between Chinese and European Emperor Wanli
merchants
 arrival of Christian missionaries in China
Qing Dynasty
East Asia
Manchus
Emperor Kangxi
Tokugawa Shogunate
 restrictions on European trade in Japan and Jesuits
cohongs
the reasons behind the laws
 Christian missionaries and the Japanese
attempts to keep them out (and persecute
them)
Arrival of the Europeans
Arrival of the Europeans
United (Dutch) East India Company
 European footholds in Indonesia and the
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
Southeast
Philippines
Manila
Asia & Pacific

comparison of European rule in Southeast
Manila galleons
Islands
Asia with South Asia (India) and Africa
Batavia (Jakarta)
Jan Pieterszoon Coen
Arrival of the Europeans
 clash of conquistadors and native American Arrival of the Europeans
encomienda system
empires (Aztecs and Incas)--why were the
Europeans so successful against the American conquistadores
Hernan Cortes
armies despite being outnumbered?
 effects of European arrival on native culture, Aztec Empire
Americas
Montezuma
political structures, and population
smallpox
 native slaves and the systems of forced labor Francisco Pizarro
 transition to imported slaves from Africa
Inca Empire
 European systems of rule in Central and South Atahualpa
America, including racial divisions
Age of Exploration
Age of Exploration
Prince Henry the Navigator
 how and why the Europeans were able to
explore the world (compare the outreaching Bartholomeu Dias
impulse here to the conservative restrictions in Vasco da Gama
Christofor Colombo
Ming China)
reconquista
 mercantilism and how economic needs of the Ferdinand Magellan
mother countries drove the movement to
scurvy
conquer resource-rich parts of the globe
James Cook
 Seven Years' War and its impact on Europe mercantilism
and the Americas
Seven Years' War
 effects of American exploration on European Columbian Exchange
culture, including diet (Columbian Exchange)
 how new European sea-trade circumvented Renaissance
the Silk Road, causing Europe to expand and "universal man"
Central Asia to decline
humanism
Europe
Niccolo Machiavelli
Leonardo da Vinci
Renaissance
Michelangelo
 the essential idea of humanism that underlies Brunelleschi
the entire Renaissance movement
 defining characteristics of the Renaissance
Reformation
and its most important figures
Martin Luther
 Renaissance art and how it emerged out of
indulgences
medieval roots
King Henry VIII of England
 also how the art differed from these medieval John Calvin
predestination
roots
Huguenots
Queen Elizabeth
Reformation
Thirty Years' War
 Martin Luther and his arguments against the Catholic Reformation
Tokugawa Shogunate
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Edo
Closed Country Edict of
1635
"native learning"
"floating worlds"
kabuki
geisha
Francis Xavier, S.J.
"Dutch Learning"
anti-Christian campaign
viceroy
audiencia
peninsulares
creoles
mestizos
mulattoes
zambos
hacienda
engenho
maroons
Saint-Domingue (Haiti)
Voodoo
Scientific Revolution
Ptolemaic universe
geocentrism
heliocentrism
Nicolaus Copernicus
Galileo Galilei
Isaac Newton
gravity
scientific method
Absolutism
Hapsburgs
English Civil War
Glorious Revolution
absolutism
constitutionalism
divine right of kings
Louis XIV
Versailles
James I
Thomas Hobbes
Enlightenment
John Locke
philosophes
Baron de Montesquieu
Voltaire
deism
salons




Catholic Church: salvation by faith alone,
Society of Jesus
priesthood of all believers, rejection of papal
power, and the corruption of the Church
tie between these ideas and humanism of
Renaissance
proliferation of Protestant movements in
England and Europe
affects of Reformation on political balance of
Europe, leading to revolts and wars, including
the Thirty Years' War
Catholic Reformation and its answer to the
challenges of the Protestants
Scientific Revolution
 tie of the Scientific Revolution to the same
humanistic trend of the Renaissance and
Reformation
 challenge of Copernicus to the Ptolemaic
system
 why this challenge was seen as so threatening
to the Church and the old order
 how Galileo helped develop the scientific
method
 expansion of reason and sense-experiences to
all areas of science
Absolutism
 justification behind absolutism regimes
 first challenge to absolutism in England,
leading to civil war and eventually a
constitutional government
 comparison of England to continental
European regimes
 Louis XIV as quintessential example of
absolutism
 Louis XIV's use of middle class as bureaucrats
to replace nobles
Enlightenment
 the philosophes and their extension of
Newton's use of reason to politics and
economics
 natural rights and freedoms and the rights of
the people in the face of government
repression
 checks and balances
 religious tolerance and deism
 role of women in the Enlightenment salons
 role of the middle class in the movement
 consequently the limitations of the movement
and its lack of a true mass base

centralization of power into hands of Russian Ivan the Great (III)
tsar
Cossacks
 Ivan the Terrible and his attenmpt to control tsar (czar)
the nobles with the middle class (comparison boyars
to Louis XIV in France)
Ivan the Terrible (IV)
Russia
 Peter the Great and his drive to Westernize oprichniki
Romanov Dynasty
Russia
Peter the Great
 successes and failures of Peter
St. Petersburg
 comparison of Peter and Catherine the Great
Cross-Cultural Comparisons:

economic integration and trading systems in this period versus the previous period (seaborne trade dominated by Europeans versus
land trade through Silk Route)

empire building in various regions of the world (Europeans)

comparison of European imperial systems versus Chinese

relations with Europe: comparison of Russia versus Islamic world, Africa, and Asia
1750-1914
Region
Themes
Imperialism
 Cecil Rhodes and the "civilizing mission" of
the British
 "Scramble for Africa" and the reasons why
Sub-Saharan
 King Leopold II and his rule in Congo
Africa
 Dutch and British rule in South Africa
 Boer War and its use of guerrilla warfare
 comparison of direct versus indirect rule in
Africa
Ottoman Empire (continued)
 final decline of the Ottomans and reasons why
N. Africa and
 Ottoman attempts at reform and why they fail
Middle East
 Young Turks coup and the beginning of an
evolution to modern Turkey
Terms
Imperialism
Cecil Rhodes
"Scramble for Africa"
King Leopold II
Congo Free State
Boers
Afrikaners
Great Trek
Zulu
Xhosa
Boer War
Berlin Conference
direct v. indirect rule
Ottoman Empire (continued)
Muhammad Ali
Capitulations
extraterritoriality
Sutlan Mahmud II
Tanzimat
Sultan Abd al-Hamid
Young Turks
Suez Canal

"Great Game" and its effects on Central Asia "Great Game"
and British imperial policy
Imperialism
Imperialism
 Social Darwinism, racial superiority, and
mission civilisatrice
imperialism--the ideology of the "White Man's White Man's Burden
Burden"
sepoys
South Asia
 mercantilism and how the colonies benefited free trade
the mother country at their own expense
protectionism
 independence movements, both secular and indentured laborers
Indian National Congress
religiously based
Muslim League
 the inevitability of partition?
European Imperialism
 The Opium War and the unequal treaties that
turned China into "spheres of influence"
 the typical provisions of an "unequal treaty" European Imperialism
Qianlong
 the failure of the Chinese to effectively reform Emperor
Lin Zexu
in the face of Western opposition
Opium War
 the failure of the power elites to reform their unequal treaties
own rule to save the country
Treaty of Nanjing
Taiping Rebellion
 comparison of Chinese failures versus
Self-Strengthening Movement
East Asia
Japanese success
Empress Dowager Cixi
 Japanese reaction to Western imperialism,
including the success of the Meiji Restoration spheres of influence
Hundred Days of Reform
and political/economic reform
Boxer Rebellion
Commodore Matthew Perrty
Japanese Imperialism
Meiji Restoration
Diet
 rapid transformation of Japan from the
colonized to the colonizers
 victories over China and Russia and what they
signified
Imperialism
Imperialism
Southeast
 European rule in Southeast Asia
Maori
Asia & Pacific
tella nullius
 treatment of natives in Australia and New
Islands
Treaty of Waitangi
Zealand
Central Asia
Japanese Imperialism
Sino-Japanese War
Taiwan
Manchuria
Russo-Japanese War
Thomas Stamford Raffles
French Indochina
Filipino-American War
Emilio Aguinaldo
American Revolution
 Enlightenment ideology and its affect on the
American Revolution
 comparison to other revolutions of the day
(Haiti, France, Mexico)
Americas
Haitian Revolution
 comparison of the Haitian Revolution to the
French and American Revolutions
 comparison to the Mexican revolution
 successes and failures of the Haitian
revolution
American Revolution
Thomas Jefferson
George Washington
Sugar Act
Stamp Act
Continental Congress
Declaration of Independence
South America
 creole revolutions and who they benefitted
 comparison to European and American
revolutions
Haitian Revolution
gens de couleur
maroons
Bookman
Touissant L'Ouverture
American Intervention
 American intervention in South America:
aims, purposes, and effects
 Spanish-American War, Philippine-American
War, and the beginning of an American
empire
South America
Simon Bolivar
American Intervention
panama canal
Monroe Doctrine
Queen Lili'uokalani
Spanish American War
U.S.S. Maine
Filipino-American War
Emilio Aguinaldo
Europe
French Revolution
 conditions in pre-revolutionary France and the
sparks of discontent
 comparison of the first stage of the revolution
(constitutional monarchy) versus the more
radical second and third stages (republic, the
Terror)
 Robespierre's motivations behind the Terror
 who did the Terror really target and what were
its effects?
 roots of total war and totalitarianism in the Enlightenment
levee en masse
(continued)
Diderot
 limits of Enlightenment ideas for women
Encyclopedia
Adam Smith
Napoleon
 why Napoleon was welcomed by the French
French Revolution
after the chaos of revolution
ancien regime
 Napoleon's balance of conservative and
Estates General
republican ideas
Third Estate
 Napoleon's rise and fall through his own
National Assembly
triumphs and failures
Bastille
Declaration of the
 comparison of Napoleon to other absolute
Rights of Man and
rulers and French kings
Citizen
Republican Revolution
Nationalism
Terror
Vendee
 the evolution of German and Italian
Committee of Public
nationalism, despite Austrian attempts to
Safety
restrict it
 evolution of Jewish nationalism in Zionism Robespierre
Jacobins
 Otto von Bismarck and the creation of
Total War
Germany
levee en masse
guillotine
Olympe de Gouges
Industrialization
Mary Wollstonecraft
 elements of production that identify
industrialization
 affects of industrialization on all levels of
society: rich, middle class, poor; men and
women
 the age of big business and the development
of the urban underclass
 The Communist Manifesto and how it was a
reaction to the conditions of the day
 the theory of communism and whether it
could work

Industrialization
steam engine
blast furnace
Napoleon
division of labor
Catholic concordat
Luddites
Napoleonic Code
mass production
continental system
assembly line
Russian offensive
corporation
Elba
monopoly
Waterloo
Crystal Palace
Thomas Malthus
urbanization
Nationalism
"middle class morality"
Volksgeist
Mrs. John Sanford
Brothers Grimm
Factory Act of 1844
Zionism
Karl Marx
Dreyfus Affair
Friedrich Engles
Theodor Herzl
Congress of Vienna Communist Manifesto
bourgeoisie
Metternich
Karlsbad Decrees proletariat
Giuseppe Garibaldi Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Otto von Bismarck Seneca Falls Conference
Realpolitik
"blood and iron"
Imperialism
Second Reich
scientific racism
Herbert Spencer
social Darwinism
Catherine the Great and the Enlightenment-- Catherine the Great
was she a true philosophe or just a dabbler?
Pugachev's Rebellion
Russification
Crimean War
pogroms
 the decline of Russia in the 19th century
Russo-Japanese War
Bloody Sunday Massacre
Russia
 tensions over tsar's rule begin to emerge,
Tsar Alexander II
1905 Revolution
especially in 1905
Count Sergei Witte
Duma
 1905 Revolution and limited reforms that
trans-Siberian railway
resulted
Cross-Cultural Comparisons:

impact of changing European ideologies on colonial rule (how does the Enlightenment and revolutionary period affect the Europeans’
empires?)

compare the early industrial revolution in Europe, Russia, and Japan

compare two revolutions (French, American, Haitian, Mexican)

compare reaction to foreign domination within China, Japan, Ottoman Empire, and India

compare the roles of women in Europe by class
1914-Present
Region
Themes

Africa
African resistance and decolonization
movements
 tension between European settlers and African
natives in newly independent countries
 modern problems in African states and their
roots in colonization
 Apartheid policy and how it was defeated
The Great War



N. Africa and
Middle East
the effects of WWI on the Middle East,
including the creation of mandates and the
promise of Palestine to three separate groups
(roots of the current Arab-Israeli crisis)
Armenian genocide and how it fit into the
Young Turks' ideology
arbitrary nature of borders and unsustainable
states in the Middle East
Terms
Algerian War of Liberation
Jomo Kendyatta
Organization of African Unity
apartheid
African National Congress
Robben Island
F. W. de Klerk
The Great War
Gallipoli
Arab Revolt
T.E. Lawrence (of
Arabia)
Armenian genocide
Mustafa Kemal
mandate system
Balfour Declaration
World War II and After
 Arab-Israeli conflict, including the 1948 and
1967 Wars
Period
 Peace Process and the Camp David Accords Interwar
partition plan
 Iranian Revolution and the shift in Gulf policy
towards Iraq
 The shift away from Iraq in the last two Gulf
Wars
 Islamic nationalism and extreme Islamism
Soviet invasion of

Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and its short- Afghanistan
Central Asia
mujahideen
and long-term effects
Taliban
South Asia


Mohandas Gandhi
Indian independence and how it was achieved ahimsa
Amritsar
the partition and Indian-Pakistani relations
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
World War II and
After
War of 1948
(Israeli
Independence)
Gamal Abdel
Nasser
Muslim
Brotherhood
pan-Arabism
1967 War (Six Day
War)
Palestine
Liberation
Organization
(PLO)
Golan Heights
West Bank
Gaza Strip
1973 War (Yom
Kippur War)
settlements
Aramco
Pakistan
Jawaharlal Nehru
partition
Kashmir
Non-Aligned
Movement
OPEC
Anwar Sadat
Camp David Accords
Pahlavi Dynasty
Ayatollah Khomeini
Iranian hostage crisis
Iran-Iraq War
Intifada
Operation Desert Storm
Islamism
Saddam Hussein
Al Qaeda
Osama bin Laden
China
Sun Yatsen
 Republican China and the Chinese Civil War Revolution of 1911
Republic of China
 why the Communists won the civil war
May Fourth Movement
 Maoism and guerrilla warfare
Chinese Communist
 Mao's successes and failures, including the Party
Great Leap Forward and the Cultural
Mao Zedong
Revolution
Nationalist Party
 Post-Mao China and the move towards a one- (KMT)
party, two-system economic plan
Chiang Kai Shek
Long March
Maoism
East Asia Japan
geurrilla warfare
 Imperial Japan, the invasion of China, and the Taiwan
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
People's Republic of
 Japanese treatment of civilians and POWs
China
Sino-Soviet split
 Allied firebombing of Japanese cities
Great Leap Forward
 was it necessary to drop the bomb: why or
Cultural Revolution
why not?
"Little Red Book"
 post-war Asia and the role of Japan
Red Guards
Deng Xiaoping
Tiananmen Square
Korea
Special Economic
 the causes and effects of the Korean War
Zones
The Cold War
 the causes of American war in Vietnam
The Cold War
Southeast
 motivations behind Vietnamese nationalist "domino theory"
Vietnam War
Asia& Pacific
and communist leaders
Ho Chi Minh
Islands
 why the Americans left Vietnam and its
Viet Minh
effects on the American political and social
China
Japan
Twenty-One
Demands
Greater East Asia
Co-Prosperity
Sphere
Manchuria
Rape of Nanjing
Tripartite Pact
"The Way of
Subjects"
Unit 731
"comfort women"
firebombing
kamikaze
atomic bomb
Hiroshima
Nagasaki
article 9
(constitution)
napalm
Agent Orange
Tet Offensive
My Lai
Vietnamization
landscape
The Great War
 America's resistance to enter European wars
until direct interests are threatened
Americas
The Great War
unrestricted submarine
warfare
Zimmerman telegram
The Cold War
NATO
The Great Depression
The Great Depression Mutually-Assured
 causes behind the Great Depression and its Black Thursday
Destruction (MAD)
worldwide effects
Franklin Delano
McCarthyism
World War II
Roosevelt
Fidel Castro
New Deal
Cuban Revolution
 how the Americans were able to win the
Bay of Pigs
Pacific War after the devastating blow at Pearl
John F. Kennedy
Harbor
World War II
U-2 spy plane
 effects of both the world wars on the home "cash and carry"
Kent State
front, including women's rights
Pearl Harbor
detente
Midway
SALT
Magic
Watergate
The Cold War
island-hopping
 containment doctrine and the Cold War
Iwo Jima
 fronts in Europe, Cuba, Korea, and Vietnam Okinawa
Manhattan Project
Korea
Kim Il Sung
Korean War
Inchon invasion
The Great War
 causes of the Great War
 trench warfare--why it happened and what it
was like
 new weapons and strategies to break the
stalemate
 effects of the war on the homefront, including
war socialism, control of the press, and the
position of women
 "the peace to end all peace"--why the Treaty
of Versailles (and related treaties) and the
League of Nations failed to prevent another
war
Europe
The Great War
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand
self-determination
Alliance System
collective security
militarism
dreadnoughts
Schlieffen Plan
trench warfare
Interwar Period
Western Front
 the Weimar Republic and the economic
war of attrition
challenges it faced
no man's land
 the Great Depression and its worldwide
mustard gas
effects
zeppelin
Wilfrid Owen
 the rise of fascism in Germany--its causes,
methods, and policies (including the ideology Otto Dix
war socialism
and tactics of Adolf Hitler)
 anti-Semitism and the progression towards the canaries
war bonds
Holocaust
"Right to Serve"
movement
World War II
suffragists
Emmeline and
 Germany aggression and the appeasement
Christabel Pankhurst
debate
Paris Peace
 why WWII is called the war of civilians
Conferencec
(looking at both the European and Pacific
Woodrow Wilson
fronts)
Fourteen Points
David Lloyd George
Cold War
Georges Clemenceau
 the ideological and political divide between Treaty of Versailles
League of Nations
communism and non-communism
 the containment doctrine and how it was put
into practice (fronts in Europe, Cuba, Korea,
and Vietnam)
 Soviet use of force in Iron Curtain countries to
prevent emergence of non-Communist or nonSoviet governments
Interwar Period
Weimar Republic
hyperinflation
Stresemann
Dawes Plan
Autobahn
National Socialist
German Workers'
Party (Nazis)
Adolf Hitler
Fascism
Benito Mussolini
Third Reich
Enabling Acts
eugenics
Nuremberg Laws
Kristallnacht
Mein Kampf
Lebensraum
Abyssinia
(Ethiopia)
World War II
Sudetenland
Munich Conference
Neville Chamberlain
Winston Churchill
Nazi-Soviet Pact
blitzkrieg
the Blitz
Vichy France
SS
Holocaust
genocide
Einsatzgruppen
Final Solution
Wannsee Conference
ghettos
Auschwitz
Zyklon B
Warsaw ghetto uprising
Adolf Eichmann
Heinrich Himmler
D-Day
firebombing
Cold War
Iron Curtain
Truman Doctrine
containment
Marshall Plan
Berlin Blockade and
Airlift
Berlin Wall
de-Stalinization
Prague Spring
Russia
Russian Revolution
 causes behind the 1917 Revolution
 why the Provisional Government failed
 Lenin, his tactics, and his revision of Marxism
(Marxism-Leninism)
 The Russian Civil War, the creation of hte
Soviet Union, and the withdrawal from WWI Russian Revolution Stalin
Tsar Nicholas II
Josef Stalin
February Revolution
five-year plans
Stalin
Petrograd Soviet
Gosplan
Vladimir Ilyich lenin
 Why Stalin and not Trotsky?
collectivization
Bolsheviks
Great Purge
 Was Stalin good or bad for Russia?
Bolshevik Revolution
Comparison of his achievements and crimes
"cult of
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
personality"
 Comparison of Stalin to Tsar Nicholas II,
Russian Civil War
gulag
Lenin, and Hitler
Red Terror
 Stalin's "cult of personality and a comparison White Terror
War Communism
World War II
to Mao
New Economic Policy Nazi-Soviet Pact
Union of Soviet
Stalingrad
World War II
Socialist Republics
Operation
 why Stalin signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact
Barbarossa
"General Winter"
 Russian contributions to the War effort on the
European front
Cold War

Russian "liberation" of Eastern Europe and the
creation of the Iron Curtain
 Gorbechev and the fall of communism
Cross-Cultural Comparisons:

patterns and results of decolonization in India and Africa

comparison of revolutions (Chinese, Cuban, Russian, Iranian)

comparison of revolutions and their effect on women

compare the effect of the world wars outside of Europe

compare legacies of colonialism in Africa, Asia, and Americas

compare different types of independence movements and struggles

compare nationalist ideologies and movements

compare different types of warfare: conventional, high-tech, and guerrilla
Cold War
COMECON
Warsaw Pact
Nikita Khrushchev
Mutually-Assured
Destruction (MAD)
Brezhnev Doctrine
detente
SALT
Afghanistan
mujahideen
Mikhail Gorbechev
velvet revolution
fall of Berlin Wall
perestroika
glasnost
Boris Yeltsin