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BIO 152 Atlantis Marine World Field Trip NAME___Answer Key__________ Introduction: In lecture, you have been introduced to the diversity of life. You have learned that the Animal Kingdom consists of distinct subgroups called Phyla. Each of these Phyla has unique characteristics that define the group of organisms that belong to the Phylum. For the Phylum Chordata, you have also learned about the Classes within the Phylum. During your visit to Atlantis Marine World, you will have the opportunity to observe animals that belong to some of the major Phyla of the Animal Kingdom. In preparation for our field trip, your homework assignment is to list some of the major characteristics of each phyla or class listed below. During our trip to the aquarium, you are to find an example of an animal in each Phylum or Class and write down its name and the exhibit/tank in which it was found. Phyla Class Characteristics Name of Location: Exhibit or Tank Representative Animal in Aquarium Porifera Not applicable Spongin matrix, many pores in bidy, assymetrical sponges Coral reef tank Cnidaria Not applicable Stinging cells tentacles radial symmetry Moon jellies anemones Mollusca Cephalopoda Reduced shell or no shell Ring of arms with suction disks Active predators Spiral shell Or no shell (slugs) Muscular foot for moving Giant Pacific Octopus Cuttlefish Tank upstairs- walk past shark tank Clownfish/anemone tank or in tanks upstairs in small room Tanks to the left as you walk into room past the bridge – across from seahorses Gastropoda Whelks Touch tank Phyla Class Characteristics Name of Animal Location Bivalvia Hinged shell with two valves Filter feeders Siphons and foot Clams, oysters, mussels in touch tank in lagoon under bridge Arthropoda Crustacea exoskeleton jointed appendages In small tanks to the left of the touch tank Echinodermata Not applicable Spiny skin Pentaradial symmetry (body parts in multiples of 5) Japanese spider crabs, lobsters, shrimp,…etc Many examples Horseshoe crabs seastars Chordata Osteichythes Coral reef fish, flounders, electric eels, grouper, etc. Many examples Many tanks throughout Sting rays, cownose rays Dogfish sharks Sting rays, nurse sharks, sand tiger sharks Poison dart frogs Ray bay touch tank Lagoon under bridge Water monitor, green iguana, camians, chameleons Reptile Ruins Bony skeleton Operculum covering gills Swim bladder to maintain depth Chondrichthyes Cartilage skeleton Will sink when stop swimming Visible gill slits Amphibia Wet skin they use to breathe tetrapods external fertlization- moist habitats Reptilia Scaly skin Lay leathery eggs (amniotes) Touch tank In rocky shores tank and touch tank Shark tank Reptile Ruins Phyla Class Characteristics Name of Animal Location Chordata Aves feathers wings Parrots African Penguins Upstairs Outside exhibit Mammalia Mammary glands Fur at some point California Sea lions Harbor seals, Grey Seal River Otters Back tank, outdoor arena Tank in Front of Aquarium Otter Falls outside 1. Observe the sting rays and the bamboo sharks located in the sting ray bay touch tank (to the left as you enter the aquarium). Describe the differences in the body shapes of rays and sharks: Sharks more streamlined, rays are dorsoventrally flattened (flattened back to belly) 2. a) Observe the fish under the bridge in sand shark lagoon. Find the dogfish size and describe its basic size and what it looks like. About 3-4 ft long, gray in color b) What Phylum and Class does this fish belong to? Phylum Chordata, Class Chondrichthyes 3. Describe the mutualism between clownfish and sea anemones. Clownfish get protection from the anemone because anemones can sting other fish but clownfish are immune to their sting. Anemone gets some protection in return because clownfish chase away butterfly fish which would eat the anemone. Clownfish also acts as bait to attract other fish to the anemone and then the anemone can eat them. 4. Observe the piranhas. Describe their behavior: The piranhas are very still. They are able to hover at any depth due to the presence of a swim bladder which lets them adjust their buoyancy. The is different that sharks which must swim to maintain their depth. 5. Observe the coral reef exhibit for at least 3 minutes. Make note of some of the behaviors and/or interactions of the fish and other organisms in the exhibit. You can see: fish schooling together, fish picking at the coral to eat any algae off the coral, small fish cleaning parasites off of larger fish, etc 6. Name 5 species of fish that you were successfully able to identify in the coral reef exhibit (No cheating!!!) (using the descriptions at the bottom of the tank) and describe their basic color pattern: See slides of signs 7. What is the function of the eyespot on the spotfin butterflyfish in the Form and Function tank (or copperbanded butterflyfish, or raccoon butterflyfish in coral reef exhibit, if not in the Form and Function tank)? The eyespot tricks predators into thinking the tail is the head of the fish. They typically have a strip hiding their true eye. If a predtor attackes the tail, it is much more likely that the prey fish will escape. 8. How can you distinguish a sea lion (in the back of the aquarium) from a seal (in the front of an aquarium)? Hint: use your powers of observations, but you can also obtain this information by attending the sea lion show. Seals have pin holes for ears, small front flippers and use their back flippers for propulsion. Sea lions have external ear flaps, large front flippers that allow them to move around on land better, use their front flippers for propulsion, and have longer, flexible necks. 9. Find the egg cases of the sharks upstairs. These egg cases are deposited along the sea floor to develop outside of the mother’s body. Is this a case of oviparity, ovoviviparity, or viviparity? Oviparity 10. What is the common name of the octopus found at the aquarium? What is its scientific name? Giant Pacific Octopus. Enteroctopus dofleini