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Indian Civilization- Dr. Butler
Name ____________________
-Indus River- First civilization on the Indian ________________ (sometimes called Harappan Civilization)
-Highly planned ____________*use of a grid _________________
-Around 1750 BCE the ____________ Valley cities fell into decay
-Some believe an _________________ altered the course of the Indus River
-nomadic Aryans came from the north and greatly influenced the subcontinent as well
The Mauryan Empire (_______ BCE)
-_______________________ _________________ (founder, visionary)
- great _______________ leader (Indian)
-started in the East and moved to unified __________________ India
-Chandragupta Maurya’s vast _________ was raised by high government __________ (up to ½ of crops)
-Defeated Seleucus I to gain total control over _________________ India
-Seleucus I was one of Alexander the Great’s __________________ who had inherited part of
Alexander’s empire
-Running the Empire
-Maurya relied upon _________ and _____________ assassinations to hold the empire together
-Empire divided into ___________ Provinces to watch over all, each headed by a prince
-each province was divided into local _____________
-Empire would not reach its _______ potential until Chandragupta’s grandson __________ became king
-Chandragupta’s Grandson- Asoka
-At the beginning of his reign he was very _________________
-After winning a war with a neighboring state, Asoka felt ____________________ for the great death of
his people
-He then started studying ________________ and began to rule by Buddha’s
“___________________________” philosophy. He promised to treat his subjects __________
and _____________, preached nonviolence and _____________ toleration
-He built extensive ______________ and maintained them
- When he died, the empire fell to other peoples which led to ______ years of chaos in _______
Daily Question: As we have seen with the Mauryan Empire, high taxes were needed to fund the wars
Chandragupta fought. How do you feel about the US spending a large portion of tax revenue on the military?
Bell Ringer: Do you believe government sponsored spying and assassination strengthen a government’s power?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
The “Golden Age” under Gupta
-____________ ___________ (___________) took throne (not related to Chandragupta Mauryan)
-strong leader that emerged in ___________ India
-Gupta Empire
-________ great empire of India
-marked the beginning of a great flowering of __________ civilization, especially ______ culture
-Life in Gupta Era
-most Indians lived in small __________, most were __________
-most Indian families in North were ___________ (headed by the eldest _______)
-most Indian families in South were ___________ (headed by the eldest _______)
-Height of the Gupta Empire- under Chandra ____________ ___ (son)
-expanded territory to include coastline to the west (Guptas could then trade with the
___________________________ world.)
-Reign of the first three Guptas
-great period of achievement in the arts, ____________, thought, and ____________
-Gupta Empire ended about ___________
Bell Ringer: Do you believe a ruler who attempts to be powerful at all times to all people would be a strong leader?
Daily Question: The reign of the Guptas is sometimes believed to be a “Golden Age” of Indian Civilization. What
period of US history do you believe might qualify as a “Golden Age”?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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River Dynasties - Mountains and _______________ dominate _______ of China’s landmass
- Shang Dynasty- 1700-1027 B.C. (overthrown by the Zhou Dynasty) – ________ years after other ancient
civilizations
Much of the Zhou culture came from the Shang
Written record (ideas for symbols) pg 53
___________ ________ were used to talk with ancestors that were constant spirits but not gods. Good
or bad could come from them to your family.
- Zhou -overthrew the Shang in 1027
-_______________ _____ ______________: divine approval to rule; dynastic cycle- page 50
Zhou leaders claimed their conquest of China was justified because the previous rulers had been
__________; Zhou leaders also claimed that the gods had given them the ________ to _______
Mandate of Heaven became central to the Chinese view of government- floods, riots, etc. might be signs
that ancestral spirits were _________________ with a king’s rule
Mandate of Heaven also ______________ new dynasties coming to power
-To control their vast lands, the Zhou used __________________: a political system in which _________, or
_________, are granted the use of the king’s land in exchange for loyalty and military service for them
- Zhou improvements
- _____________ and ___________ for better ___________ and agriculture
- Coined money for better ______________
- Parts of the ___________ _________ (north) began for better protection from nomads
- Blast furnaces for cast iron development – better ______________ and _________ (before used
wooden tools because _____________ thought to be too good).
-Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
-Nomads invaded & broke up the _________ system which forced the people to move for safety
-Lords & Nobles argued over ________. Without the ancient rule of loyalty and no social order, or
protection brought chaos – the time of the “_________ ______” eventually destroyed China.
Daily Question: Early China had several dynasties, including the Zhou. Do you believe there are or have been any
dynasty-like families in US politics?
Bell Ringer: Do you believe there is a “higher power” that puts certain people in positions of power?
*One influential scholar fought hard to bring back the ancient values ideas during the warring states his name was
__________________
Confucius and Social Order
- Things would restore themselves if society would organize around five basic relationships
1. Ruler to _____________; 2. _____________ to son; 3. Husband to ___________;
4. Older ______________ to youngest brother; 5. Friend to friend
Rulers should also be kind, live virtuously while subjects be ___________ and law-abiding
Collection of his sayings and works are collected in ______________
Education was important Confucius said, “education could transform a humbly born Person into a
gentleman”
His teachings were not immediately accepted but within ______ years of death became popular; Never a
_____________, but an ethical system (accepted principles of right and wrong)
Symbol- yin and yang- yin (cold, dark, soft and mysterious) and yang (warm, bright, hard, clean) symbol’s
powers represent natural rhythm of ___________
Filial Piety- respect for parents and devotion for life
Legalism – restore power through government order and control through _____________reinforcement
- no independent _____________ (UGA fans)
- legalism was linked by the prince of the Qin Dynasty (that replaced the Zhou Dynasty)
Qin Dynasty (started with feudalist system) 221 B.C.
- Feudal states were constantly at ____________ with one another during “the warring states” period.
Traditional ancient values for China collapse and one of the Feudal states grew in power. Ruler
_______ in 221 conquered rivals and Feudal States grew into power. Ruler Qin (only _____ years
old) in 221 conquered rivals and started a new dynasty.
Shi Huangdi – name means (_______________) attacked others and doubled size of dynasty
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Goal was to _______________ China and destroy _______________
He introduced policy of “strengthening the trunk and weakening the _____________”
Uprooted families because of his paranoid and forced them to live within the _______________ walls
and had officials (like spies) to watch over
- To avoid criticism he and his government officials _______________ hundreds of Confucian scholars,
burned “useless books” then established an ______________- unlimited power in arbitrary manner
- For centralization of his dynasty– network highway (4,000+ miles), writing ______, _____________,
and weights (cart axels)
- Trade and irrigation improved which = higher _________
- Unification of China at the expense of human freedom by building the Great _____ of China
The Great Wall of China
- under Zhou smaller walls were built to avoid northern attacks by ___________
- no money or pride for country = work or ______
- Fall of Qin Dynasty – was to the ______ Dynasty attack (led by a peasant)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Hinduism and Buddhism
Hinduism
-collection of _______________ _______________ that develop slowly over a long period of time
-cannot be traced back to one founder with a single set of ideas
Beliefs and Origins
-Hindus see religion as a way to liberate the soul from illusions and mistakes of everyday existence
-How can this liberation be learned?
-The Upanishads: group of writings that are a dialogue between a _______________ and
_______________; it explores how a person can achieve liberation from _______________ and
_______________
-reincarnation: as individual’s soul is _______________ _______________ and again until they arrive at a
state of perfect understanding of all things
-a soul’s _______________ (good or bad deeds) follows into each rebirth
Changes of Hinduism
-Hinduism consists of multiple gods
-they can choose which worship or choose none
The Caste System
-_______________ and reincarnation strengthened the caste system (class distinction)
-a warrior or merchant had _______________ karma in previous lives; females and laborers had
had bad _______________
-Hinduism and the caste system determined what people _______________, cleanliness,
_______________, etc.
gods to know -Brahman (the world soul)- sometimes seen as having three personalities of three (3) gods
1. Brahma- the _______________
2. Vishnu- the _______________
3. Shiva- the _______________
-Devi- the great _______________ goddess
Bell Ringer: Do you believe that the good things you do positively affect your life? Do you believe that acting
negatively brings negative things into your life?
Daily Question: As we have seen, Hinduism strengthened the caste system in India. Do you feel as if the US has a
caste system of its own?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Buddhism
- Siddhartha Gautama: founder of Buddhism (sidh-DAHR-tuh GOW-tuh-meh)
-born into a noble family in _______________ (563 BC)
-according to legend little Gautama exhibited the marks of a _______________ man; this legend claims
that a prophecy indicated that if he _______________ home he would become a great spiritual leader
and that if he _______________ at home he would become a world leader.
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-his father isolated his son in the _______________ to ensure he would become a world ruler
-Siddhartha later became curious about the world outside and left the palace and observed:
1st trip: he saw an _________ _________; 2nd trip: he saw a ___________ man; 3rd trip: he saw a
_______________;
4th trip: he saw a wondering ____________ __________ who seemed to be at peace with himself
-Siddhartha interpreted this to mean that everyone gets _______________, sick, and _______________
but a spiritual life offers a refuge from _______________
-Siddhartha left the palace and wandered through the forests of India for six (6) years seeking
_______________
-Finally, after _________ days of mediation, he discovered the cause of suffering in the world,
thus becoming the Buddha or the “_______________ _______________”
Origins & Beliefs
-The Buddha’s first sermon included his four main ideas (Four Noble Truths) he came to understand about
enlightenment:
1. First Noble Truth: Life is filled with _______________
2. Second Noble Truth: the cause of suffering is people’s desire for temporary pleasure
3. Third Noble Truth: to end all suffering, you must end all _______________
4. Fourth Noble Truth: Desire could be ended by following the _______________ _______________
-The Buddha taught that the Eightfold Path consisted of the following:
-right _______________, right resolve, right _______________, right conduct, right livelihood, right
_______________, right mindfulness, right _______________
-By following this path, Buddha claimed that one could reach nirvana, or a _______________ from selfishness and
_______________ Buddha accepted Hinduism’s idea of reincarnation, but rejected the gods of Hinduism and the
_______________ _______________.
Bell Ringer: What do you believe to be the source of suffering and sorrow in the world?
Daily Question: Buddha’s Second Noble Truth taught that suffering was caused by people’s desire for temporary
pleasures. Do you believe Buddha’s Second Noble Truth to be true? If so, how might one resist such “temporary
pleasures” in a modern society like our own society?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
The Religious Community
The “Three Jewels” of Buddhism
1. The spiritual _______________ (sangha)
2. The Buddha
3. Buddhist doctrine or _______________ (dharma)
Relation to Society
-gained large following in northeast _______________
-those that became _______________ and nuns took vows to live in poverty, remain _______________ (did not
marry), and not to act violently
-reluctantly allowed women to join the religious orders in fear that they would _______________ the
monks
Buddhism and India
-Buddhism spread over large parts of Asia but never really “took off” in _______________
-Why did not Buddhism survive in India? Possible answer- it was absorbed by _______________
-Buddhists still make pilgrimages to India and Nepal to visit places of importance in Buddha’s life
Trade and Buddhism
-_______________ were important, but trade played the more crucial role
-Buddhism was carried along trade routes to _______________, Korea, and _______________; became
the most widespread practice of East Asia
Bell Ringer: Do you find the opposite gender a distraction if you are attempting to conduct something serious and
they are present?
Daily Question: As we have seen, Buddhist monks and nuns agreed to live in poverty, remain single, and act in
nonviolent ways. Would you be willing to live such a lifestyle for something in which you strongly believed?
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