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Life Science 11-1 Living Things and the Environment I. What is Ecology A. Ecology is the ________of the relationship between __________________ and their ________________________. Everything that surrounds a living thing is their _________________________. Living things are affected by their environment. They also ___________________________ environment B. Materials that organisms get from their environment are: Organisms that live in the same area with other organisms _______________________ with them. They also interact with the non living part of the environment, which is the _________________ factor. 11-2 What is an ecosystem? I. Ecosystems are the organization of communities, and populations A. A _______________________ is all of the same species of organisms living in a certain space. B. All the different _______________________ that live in a certain place are called _____________________________ . - Several ____________________________ together make up an ______________________. C. An _________________________ is a group of communities interacting with each other and the _______________________ parts of the environment. An ecosystem is a self - supporting units -Production of energy- ______________________________________ -Transfer of energy- ________________________________________ -Breakdown of materials - ____________________________________ -Recycling-________________________________________________ 11-3 Habitats and Niches I. Habitats are very different from niches. A. A ________________________ is a place where organisms live. There are many types of habitats. Examples of habitats - Polar bears- ________________________________ - Wolves-____________________________________ - Sharks-_____________________________________ - Monkeys-___________________________________ B. The role of each organism is called a ___________________. This is what the organism does in its life and what it needs to survive. Organisms can share the same _______________________________ but they cannot share the same _____________________. 11-4 What affects Population Size I. Certain conditions in the environment limit how much a population can grow A. Limiting factors -_____________________________________________________________ Available food, water and other nutrients are limiting factors of organisms B. Carrying capacity - _____________________________________________________________ Once carry capacity is reached, there is a movement of organisms called ________________________________________ C. Range -______________________________________________________________ 11-5 What are Biomes I. There are many different areas of climate differences and topographical differences. These areas are called biomes. A. A biome is _________________________________________________________ Factors that make a biome unique are their ___________________ and location Climate is ______________________________________________________ B. There are seven different biomes in the world 1. The tundra is found in the far north. The major characteristic of the tundra is _______________________________________________ making it the coldest biome . -Some organisms that live in the tundra are Mosses, ____________________, grasses, very small flowers and shrubs -Animals that live in the tundra are _____________________________ _________________________________________________________. 2. South of the tundra is the _____________________. This is also a cold climate but it receives enough __________________ for plants and trees to grow large. - Organisms that live in the taiga are, _______________________. - Animals that live in the taiga are, _________________________ - ____________________________________________________. 3. Located further south is the ______________________________________ This biome is characteristic of long growing season followed by a very cold Winter. - Organisms that live in the forest are_________________________ Animals that live here are _________________________________ 4. _______________________________ have a moderate climate but not enough rain for trees to grow. This biome is found in the interior of continents. - Organisms found here are________________________________ - Animals that live here are________________________________ 5. __________________________ are similar to the grasslands but are found closer to the ________________________. - Organisms found here are_______________________________ - Animals that live here are_______________________________ 6. Tropical Rain Forest occur in areas ________________________________ They have large amounts of ____________________and are hot year round. - Organisms that live here are ______________________________ - Animals that live here are ________________________________ 7. Deserts form where temp is hot and there is very little __________________ Very few plants can grow in the desert. - Organisms that are found here are__________________________ _____________________________________________________ Plants here are unique because_____________________________ ___________________________________________________ - Animals that are found here are____________________________ - _____________________________________________________ C. Other biomes that are not considered major biomes 1. Polar ice biome ______________________________________________ This biome is thick sheets of ice and may appear lifeless but is full of organisms and animals. - Organisms found here are_______________________________ ____________________________________________________ Animals that are found here are__________________________ ____________________________________________________ 2. The __________________________ is found in costal areas that have mild and rainy winters and long dry _______________________. - This region has common fires from lightening strikes in the long - dry summer months. Areas in this biome include _____________ - _____________________________________________________ 11-6 Succession I. Organisms grow in response to their environment. Succession occurs when there is a change in the environment. There are types of succession and it is easy to plot the changes in the community. A. Environments do not stay the same. A slow change in the environment is called ____________________________. A change in one group or organism causes a __________ in another group. As a ________________ population changes so does the ________________ population. B. There are distinct phases of succession 1.______________________________________________________________ Pioneer Plants-_____________________________________________ 2.______________________________________________________________ 3.______________________________________________________________ Because of the shade of the pine forest, smaller shrubs _____________ 4.______________________________________________________________ Climax Community_______________________________________ C. Succession in water This succession is like land succession. A lake or pond can grow into a hardwood forest. The steps to succession in water are 1. Smaller organisms die and fill the bottom of the water bed. 2. These bodies build up and make the lake shallow. 3. __________________________________________ 4. The pond becomes a marsh 5. ___________________________________________ 11-7 Natural Resources I. The earth is full of resources. There are two types of resources, both of which humans are using at a very fast rate. This is because of the carrying capacity is reaching extreme limits and limiting factors are also reaching the extremes. It is our responsibility to be good stewards of our resources and determine alternatives to non-renewable types of resources. A. Natural Resources - ________________________________________________ B. Renewable Resources these resources are those which can be replaced if used. 1. Examples of these types of resources are - _____________________________________________________ - _____________________________________________________ C. Nonrenewable Resources are those which cannot be replaced. Once existing supplies are used up, they cannot be replaced. 1. Examples of these types of resources are - _____________________________________________________ - _____________________________________________________ D. Conservation is a ______________________________________________________. We need to be very conservative of our natural resources. People must not use renewable resources fasted than they can be used up.
