Download 2012-2013 session 2nd sem exam

UNIVERSITY OF JOS
FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2012/2013 SESSSION
COURSE CODE: MCB 406
COURSE TITLE: ANALYTICAL MICROBIOLOGY & QUALITY CONTROL
CREDIT UNITS: 3
TIME ALLOWED: 2.5HRS
INSTRUCTIONS: ATTEMPT FOUR QUESTIONS ONLY; AT LEAST ONE
QUESTION FROM EACH SECTION
SECTION A
1(a).Explain the basic concepts of Analytical Microbiology.
(b) Describe briefly how microorganisms could be enumerated by the following:
(i) Gravimetric measurement.
(ii) Turbidity measurement.
(iii) Electronic Coulter Counter.
(iv) ATP-Bioluminescent Assay.
2. The following results were obtained in the quantitative determination of
in a drug:
Vitamin concentration (ng)
0.00
0.025
0.05
0.075
0.10
0.125
0.150
cyanocobalamin
Optical density (620nm)
0.00
0.015
0.032
0.050
0.075
0.092
0.107
(i). Use these readings to plot the standard growth curve of the test organism.
(ii). Quantify the amount of cyanocobalamin in samples with the following optical densities:
A (0.08), B (0.06), C (0.10), D (0.04) and E (0.025).
(b) Describe the principles and procedure for the microbial assay in 2 (a) above.
SECTION B
3. Write short notes on:
(a). Sampling for microbial assay.
(b). Purposes of microbial assay in pharmaceutical industries.
(c). Indirect use of microorganisms as reagents in quantitative analysis.
4 (a). Write an assay on the microbiological standards and specifications for foods, water,
drugs and cosmetics giving two (2) examples of each.
SECTION C
5 (a). Explain the basic principle of nucleic acid based detection techniques in microbiology.
(b). Outline the reasons for the leading use of nucleic acid based assay in routine analyses.
6 (a). What is Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP).
(b). Discuss the principles and components of a named immunoassay.
UNIVERSITY OF JOS
FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2012/2013 SESSSION
COURSE CODE:
MCB 408
COURSE TITLE:
PETROLEUM MICROBIOLOGY
CREDIT UNITS:
3
TIME ALLOWED:
2.5HRS
INSTRUCTIONS:
ATTEMPT FOUR QUESTIONS ONLY; AT LEAST ONE
QUESTION FROM EACH SECTION
SECTION A
1(a). Discuss the biogenic hypothesis for the formation of petroleum.
(b) What are the conditions that favour the biogenesis of fossil fuels?
2(a). Explain the term fossil fuels and describe the various fractions of Petroleum.
(b). Describe the use of microorganisms in prospecting for new petroleum bearing fields.
SECTION B
3 (a). Describe the biodegradation of any four (4) named hydrocarbons.
4 (a). Differentiate between biodegradation and bioremediation.
(b). A pond in the Niger Delta area was polluted with petroleum spills from a vandalized oil
pipeline. Describe the principles and procedures you could employ in the
bioremediation of the polluted pond.
SECTION C
5 (a ). Describe the role of microorganisms in the production of natural gas.
(b). Outline the economic importance of methanogens.
6 (a). Explain the mechanism of methane oxidation by methanotrophs.
(b). What is the ecological significance of the process in (a) above?
UNIVERSITY OF JOS
FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2012/2013 SESSSION
COURSE CODE:
MCB 409
COURSE TITLE:
GENERAL TOXICOLOGY
CREDIT UNITS:
3
TIME ALLOWED:
2.5HRS
INSTRUCTIONS:
ATTEMPT FOUR QUESTIONS ONLY
1(a). Discuss the major concerns over drinking water in our environment.
(b). What remedies would you recommend for the urgent attention of the
State Water Board?
2. Discuss the effects and control measures of any five marine toxins in man.
3(a). Differentiate between a food contaminant and a food additive.
(b). Describe any five important microbial species known to contaminate food.
(c). Explain the major factors that enhanced bacterial contamination of foods
during preparation.
4. Discuss the economic importance of pesticides.
5. Explain the environmental importance of organochlorine insecticides
6. Write short notes on the toxic effects of the following:
(a). Carbamate insecticides
(b). Fumigants
(c) . Rodenticides
(d). Botanical insecticides
UNIVERSITY OF JOS
FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2012/2013 SESSSION
COURSE CODE:
MCB 308
COURSE TITLE:
IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOCHEMISTRY
CREDIT UNITS:
4
TIME ALLOWED:
3 HRS
INSTRUCTIONS:
ATTEMPT ANY FIVE QUESTIONS ONLY
1. Discuss the role of the following in the development of immunology:
(i) Edward Jenner
(ii) Louis Pasteur
(iii) Robert Koch
(iv) Roux and Yersin
(v) Von Behring and Kitasato
2. Describe the types and roles of lymphocytes in immune response.
3. How does the human body provide natural immunity against diverse
infectious agents in the tropics?
4. Discuss the role of the B - cell in Adaptive Immune Response.
5. Explain the mechanism of rejection in an immunocompetent host. How can
this condition be minimized?
6. Write short notes on:
(a). Digeorge’s syndrome.
(b). Agammaglobulinemia.
(c). Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID).
7 (a). Describe the structure and function of Immunoglobulins.
(b). Highlight the importance of the major Histocompatibility molecules.
UNIVERSITY OF JOS
FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2012/2013 SESSSION
COURSE CODE: MCB 203
COURSE TITLE: GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY II
CREDIT UNIT:
3
TIME ALLOWED: 2.5 HRS.
INSTRUCTION: ATTEMPT ANY FOUR (4) QUESTIONS
1. How does the physical composition of soil influence the magnitude and
diversity of the microbial flora?
2 (a). List any four water related disease and their causative agents.2
(b). Why is routine bacteriological examination of water not directed
at the isolation and identification of specific pathogens?
(c).What are coliforms? Why is Escherichia coli considered an indicator of
faecal pollution of water?
3 (a). Explain the major attributes that characterize specific immune
responses.
(b). In a tabular form only, differentiate between active and passive immunity.
4. Describe how the various chemical defence agents protect the body from
microbial invasion of the tissues.
5 (a). What are plasmids?
(c). Describe the different methods of genetic transfer in microorganisms.
6. Write short notes on:
(a). Point mutation
(b). Mutagens
(c). Amide Test
UNIVERSITY OF JOS
FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2012/2013 SESSSION
COURSE CODE: MCB 204
COURSE TITLE: PRINCIPLES OF STERILIZATION, DISINFECTION
& CHEMOTHERAPHY
CREDIT UNIT: 2
TIME ALLOWED: 2 HRS.
INSTRUCTION: ATTEMPT ANY THREE (3) QUESTIONS
1a. What are antimetabolites?
(b). Describe in details, the various classes of antimetabolites.
2. (a). Explain the drug actions of the following agents on host cells.
(i). Antiprotozoans.
(ii). Antifungal agents.
(iii). Antibacterial agents.
(iv). Antiviral agents.
3. (a). Define sterilization.
(b). Differentiate between Autoclaving and Tyndallisation.
4. Explain in detail the spread of antimicrobial drug resistance.
5. Write notes on the following:
(i). Qualities of a good disinfectant.
(ii). Surface active compounds as disinfectants.
(iii). Deodorants and preservatives.
UNIVERSITY OF JOS
FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2012/2013 SESSSION
COURSE CODE:
MCB 101
COURSE TITLE:
INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY
CREDIT UNITS:
2
TIME ALLOWED:
2HRS
INSTRUCTIONS:
ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS. CIRCLE THE CORRECT ANSWER FOR
QUESTIONS 1 – 37 & FILL IN THE BLANK SPACES FOR QUESTIONS 38 – 50.
1. Which of this is key in the definition of Microbiology?
(a) History of Microbiology (b) Germ theory (c) Biogenic theory of life (d) Microscopic cellular & acellular
Infective agents (e) Microbial world.
2. Which of these combinations is correct?
(a) Viruses, bacteria, eubacteria, viroids (b) Bacteria, algae, prions, archaebacteria (c) Prions, virusoids, viriods,
viruses (d) Virusoids, algae, viroids, bacteria (e) Fungi, algae, bacteria, prions.
3. Which of these are protists?
(a) True bacteria, Archae & fungi (b) Yeasts, moulds & Bacteria (c) Algae, protozoa & bacteria (d) Slime
moulds, algae & protozoa (e) None of options a – d.
4. Which of these is the correct order of studying bacteria?
(a) Inoculation, inspection, incubation, identification & isolation (b) Isolation, inoculation, inspection,
identification & incubation (c) Inoculation, incubation, inspection, isolation & identification (d) All of options a
– c (e) None of options a – c.
5. Invisibility of microorganisms means they are (a) Omnipresent (b) Can be seen only with electron microscope
(c) Invincible (d) Magnifiable by use of microscope (e) None of options a – d.
6. The term that defines microorganisms as being very fast in reproduction is known as (a) Ubiquity (b)
Invisibility (c) Biodegradative (d) Exponential growth (e) None of options a – d.
7.
8. One of these makes microorganisms indispensible to life on planet earth (a) Ubiquity (b) Ability to cause
disease (c) Maintenance of ecological balance (d) All of options a - c (e) None of options a – c.
9. Which of these is correct? (a) Life on earth is possible without microorganisms (b) Microorganisms can
sweep environment clean of waste (c) Microorganisms do not have brooms and so can never sweep environment
(d) All microorganisms can cause diseases at any time (e) All of options a - d.
10. Which of these make microorganisms invincible? (a) Fast reproductive ability, large numbers and
invisibility (b) Low reproductive rate, biodegradation and simple genetic make-up (c) Their DNA is either
double or single-stranded (d) All of options a – c (e) None of options a – c.
11. This branch of Microbiology deals with impact of microorganisms in air, water, soil, food chain and
bioremediation (a) Agricultural Microbiology (b) Microbial Ecology (c) Symbiosis Microbiology
(d) Environmental Microbiology (e) None of options a – d.
12. Microorganisms are employed in the fermentation, processing, preservation and safety of food in a branch of
Microbiology known as (a) Agricultural Microbiology (b) Microbial Ecology (c) Symbiosis Microbiology
(d) Environmental Microbiology (e) All of options a – d.
13. Growth dynamics and survival of microorganisms are studied in (a) Medical Microbiology (b) Survival
Microbiology (c) Microbial physiology (d) Fermentation Technology (e) None of options a – d.
14. Microbiology is popularly regarded as the ‘headquarters’ of (a) Medical Microbiology (b) Agricultural
Microbiology (c) Science (d) Genetic engineering and Biotechnology (e) None of options a – d.
15. A microbiologist cannot work in one of these fields (a) Journalism (b) Research institute (c) Military
(d) Petroleum industry (e) None of options a – d.
16. Which of these pioneers of Microbiology believed in abiogenesis (a) Aristotle, Luis Pasteur & Robert Koch
(b) Aristotle, Luis Pasteur & (c) Anton Van Leeuwenhoek, Galileo Galilei (d) Robert Hooke, Lius Pasteur &
Joseph Lister (e) None of options a – d.
17. He is regarded as the father of modern experimental Biology who also pioneered in refuting the theory of
abiogenesis (a) Luis Pasteur (b) Robert Hooke (c) Isaac Newton (d) Lazzaro Spallanzani (e) Francesco Redi.
18. He was reputed for developing the cell theory (a) John Needham (b) John Tyndall (c) Joseph Lister (d)
Theodore Schwann (e) None of options a – d.
19. His experimental procedures were erroneous and so he concluded wrongly in support of spontaneous
generation of life (a) John Needham (b) Theodore Spallanzani (c) Lois Pasteur (d) Ferdinand Cohn (e) Robert
Koch.
20. His contributions to Microbiology were many more in number than all the pioneers in this list (a) Ferdinand
Cohn (b) Joseph Lister (c) Robert Koch (d) John Tyndall (e) Fannie Hesse.
21. He discovered the agar agar (a) Richard Petri (b) Alexendar Fleming (c) Ernst Chain (d) Howard Florey
(e) None of options a – d.
22. All the following contributed towards Medical Microbiology. Except (a) Paul Erhlich (b) Alexendar
Fleming (c) Edward Jenner (d) Luis Pasteur (e) None of options a – d.
23. But for his milestone discovery in Microbiology, preventive medicine against major killer diseases of
children may have been non – existent today (a) Robert Koch (b) Dimitri Ivanowski (c) Joseph Lister
(d) Ulric Neisser (e) Edward Jenner.
24. The microorganism that is very common in human faeces is named after him (a) M. Theirler (b) George
Beadle (c) Theodore Escherich (d) Luis Pasteur (e) None of options a – d.
25. These group of scientist contributed towards antibiotic therapy (a) Edward Jenner, Joseph Lister &
Alexendar Fleming (b) Edward Jenner, Joseph Lister & Thomas Edison (c) Edward Jenner, Joseph Lister &
Luis Pasteur (d) Alexendar Fleming, Anton Van Leeuwenhoek & Robert Koch (e) Alexendar Fleming, Ernst
Boris Chain & Howard Florey.
26. Who among these scientists contributed most to Industrial Microbiology (a) Alexendar Fleming (b) Dimitri
Ivanowski (c) Robert Koch (d) Luis Pasteur (e) Ferdinand Cohn.
27. They are known for the discovery of DNA model (a) Francis Crick & Joseph Lister (b) James Watson &
Francis Crick (c) James Watson & Luc Montagnier (d) James Watson & Francis Kahl (e) None of options a – d.
28. One of these distinguish microbiologist visited the Institute of Human Virology branch of the Plateau State
Specialist Hospital, Jos in recent years (a) Luc Montagnier (b) Robert Gallo (c) Professor Nenfort Gomwalk (d)
Luis Pasteur (e) Robert Koch.
Study the diagram below and use it to answer questions 29 to 31.
29. The above experiment is called
(a) Schultze and Schwan’s experiment (b) Luis Pasteur experiment (c) Jablot’s experiment (d) John Needham’s
experiment (e) None of options a – d.
30. The aim of the experiment above is (a) To prove that abiogenesis theory is true (b) To prove that microbes
are airborne & could be destroyed by heat and chemicals (c) To prove that sample A in the flask cannot be free
of microorganisms (d) All of options a - c (e) None of options a – c.
31. Sample A in the experiment is (a) Cloudy water (b) Spoilt soup (c) Wine (d) Previously sterilized infusion
became contaminated (e) Previously sterilized infusion became contaminated.
32. Which of these theories was not among the early thoughts of how the earth began? (a) The earth
metamorphosed from a vast cloud of cold gasses, dust and other debris (b) The earth was formed from the
fragments of the moon in about 4.6 billion years ago. (c) The earth was formed from molten portions of sun and
other planetary bodies (d) The atoms, stars and galaxies were formed by an explosion known as ‘’big bang’’ in a
self-organized manner leading to the formation of the earth (e) None of options a – d.
33. The early chemical constituents of the earth according to early theorists were (a) Water, Silicon & Carbon
dioxide (b) Water vapour, CH4, NH3, N2, H2S & H2 (c) Water vapour, Laughing gas & Hydrogen (d) Iron,
Silicon & Hydrogen (e) All of options a – d.
34. Subculturing is (a) A process of eliminating all disease causing organisms (b) Adding an organism to a
group of others in a mixed culture (c) Transferring an organism from one medium to another in order to purify it
(d) All of options a - c (e) None of options a - c.
35. An autoclave (a) Is an advanced cooking pot (b) Works by use of dry heat to kill microorganisms (c) Works
on the principle of low pressure & high temperature (d) Operates at 1210C for 15 minutes at low pressure
(e) None of options a - d.
36. One of these is a procedure in streak – plate method of culturing microorganisms (a) Heating the Petri dish
gently under a bunsen burner flame (b) Flaming the surface of a culture plate (c) Flaming and cooling a wire
loop (d) Flaming and cooling a bent glass rod (e) None of options a - d.
37. One of these is a not physical agent of controlling microorganisms (a) Cold (b) Osmotic pressure (c) Gamma
rays (d) Heat (e) None of options a - d.
List one major function of each of the equipments below
(38a)Autoclave……………………………………………………………………………………………………...
(38b)Incubator………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(39a)Microscope…………………………………………………………………………………………………....
(39b)Refrigerator……………………………………………………………………………………………………
40. List any four modes of action of a chemical agent against bacterial cells
(i)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(iii)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iv)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
41. An antiseptic is a (i)……………………………………………………………………………………………..
While a disinfectant is (ii)…………………………………………………………………………………………..
42. The smallest known bacterium is (i)………………………………………………………….. while the
largest bacterium is called (ii)………………………………………………………………………
43. Prions are (i)…………………………………………………………………………………… and cause two
diseases namely (ii)…………………………………………..& (iii)……………………………………………..