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The Nature of History: Terms/ Concepts Artifact Pre-history history Archaeology Palaeontology Physical geography human geography Excavation/ dig Stratigraphy radio-carbon/ carbon- 14 dendrochronology strata thermolominescence AD/ BC/ BCE/ CE/ BP Organic remains inorganic remains fossil Primary and secondary sources What methods does an archaeologist use and when? What is the role of archaeology in the study of history? Human Development: Terms/ Concepts monotheism creation story polytheism adaptation natural selection Australopethicus Afarensis natural law Hominid survival of the fittest Bipedalism heredity Laetoli Beds “Origin of Species” Donald Johansson Chance mutation Charles Darwin natural pressure Mary Leaky evolution Homo habilis What factors are common in many creation stories? Why is historical context important to consider when examining creation stories? Explain Darwin’s theory of evolution. How did he influence our perception of the past? What are the 2 theories that explain the development of tools? Why is bipedalism so important in human development? Why was the discovery/ control of fire significant? Compare Neanderthals and Humans in terms of physical features and technology. What are the theories about the disappearance of Neanderthals? Explain the characteristics of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic ages. Using at 3 hominid species, explain the development of tools. What are the three metal ages? Why are they significant? Mesopotamia: Terms/ Concepts Age of Metals Agricultural Revolution Assyria Babylonia Catal Huyuk City-state “Cradle of Civilization” Cubit Cuneiform Divination Edubba Epic of Gilgamesh Homo erectus Homo sapiens sapiens Paleolithic Mesolithic Neolithic Lithos Cro-magnon Cultural epoch Euphrates Fertile Crescent Hammurabi Hittites Irrigation Jericho Jordan “Land Between the Rivers” Levee Mesopotamia Neolithic Revolution Nomadic/ sedentary Pictogram Polytheistic Sargon I Scribe Seed plow Shaduf Stylus Sumer The Epic of Gilgamesh Standard of Ur Tigris Ziggurat The Great Leap Forward- What does this mean? Why was there a shift from hunting and gathering to farming? Map work- see map of Ancient Mesopotamia in your binder The impact of geography upon the Mesopotamians Reasons why early farmers settled in river valleys Fertile Crescent/ Cradle of Civilization Pros and cons of the Neolithic Revolution (Agricultural Revolution) refer to article “The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race?” Explain the 3 levels of industry as applied to the development of villages, towns and cities. Feature of a civilization (6) Examples of first cities (ie: Jordan, Jericho) Sumerian Accomplishments Explain the social structure/ hierarchy in Mesopotamian civilizations Explain the role and significance of scribes in Mesopotamia Hammurabi’s laws/ Analysis of laws Babylonian Society and Accomplishments Ancient Egypt: Terms/ Concepts Akhenaton Ankh Anthropomorphic Ba Djoser Hatshepsut Imhotep Ka Khufu Ma’at Mastaba Menes/ Narmer Middle Kingdom monotheism New Kingdom Old Kingdom Pharaoh Ramses II Scribe Sneferu The Gift of the Nile- explain this concept clearly with good examples The importance of geography The three seasons in Ancient Egypt based upon the Nile The Ages of Egyptian history Egyptian social structure: 3 powers of governing/ structure of government Pyramids- all types we covered and who built them How was a pyramid built? Daily life in Egypt (Status of women, Children, Marriage, Soldier, Scribe) General beliefs about gods The importance of the afterlife Role of priests Process of mummification Hieroglyphics: 4 stages of writing Art: conventions Technology Keep reading….there is more on the Greeks on the next page… The Empire Age The Hyksos The pyramid age The Rosetta Stone The Sphinx Thutmose II Thutmose III Tutankhamen Ancient Greece: Terms /Concepts Minoans Bronze age Knossos Linear A Frescoes Bull Leaping Minotaur Thera Sir Arthur Evans Heinrich Schliemann Atlantis Trojan war Trojan horse Dark Ages/ Homeric Age Dorians Wandering minstrels Homer Troy/ Trojan War Iliad Odyssey Olympics Colonization Age of Tyrants monarchy tyrant/ tyrranos city-state acropolis polis hoplite aristocracy timocracy Athens Archon, Solon, Cleisthenes, Pnyx Council of 400 Council of 500 Delian League democracy ostracism ostraka Parthenon Peisistratus Hippias Attica Mycenaeans Linear B Agamemnon Troy Sparta Helot Lycurgus oligarchy council of elders, ephors ephorate homoio Peloponnesus Keep reading….there is more on the Greeks on the ext page… Persian Wars Persian Empire Darius Xerxes Marathon Thermopylae Salamis Plataea Miltiades Leonidas Hippias phalanx triremes Cyrus Pheidippidies Delian League Peloponnesian War Pericles Alcibiades Archidamian war Syracuse Sicilian war Peloponnesian league Delian league Athenian Empire “the elephant and the whale” Delos Plague Long walls Piraeus Geography and its impact on the Greeks review your map of ancient Greece Minoans (geography, origins, trade, mythology, palaces, writing, art, activities, invasion) Mycenaeans (Troy, culture, origins, Dark Ages (migration, loss of writing etc.) Homer (Iliad, Odyssey, Homeric Age, heroes and history) The Age of Tyrants Colonization Life in Athens/ Sparta ( education, government, trade, slavery, childhood, status of women. Citizenship) Persian Wars (causes and effects) Peloponnesian War(causes and effects) Alexander the Great Cultural Achievements of the Greeks (theatre, philosophy, education, arts)