Download Biology 2005 - Spring Branch ISD

Pre-AP/GT Biology 2010
Unit 12: PHYLOGENY OF LIVING ORGANISMS
Viruses and Bacteria
Objective #1:
COMPARE THE STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF VIRUSES TO CELLS AND
DESCRIBE THE ROLE OF VIRUSES IN CAUSING DISEASES AND CONDITIONS
SUCH AS AIDS, COMMON COLD, SMALLPOX, INFLUENZA AND WARTS
A. Viruses – Read section 19-2 in your text.
1. Why are viruses not placed anywhere on the phylogenetic tree?
2. Define a virus.
3. Describe the structure of a virus.
4. Describe how viruses reproduce.
5. Make a series of drawings to illustrate the 5 steps in the lytic cycle of viral reproduction.
6. Compare the lytic cycle to the lysogenic cycle.
7. How do viruses move?
8. What are some common viral diseases?
9. How are viral diseases treated?
10. What are vaccines and how do they work?
11. How does HIV affect the body? Refer to pages 1045-46.
12. What is believed to be the origin of viruses? Check this out on the Internet.
Activity #1: Disease Project
Objective #2: DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF BACTERIA AND THEIR ROLE
IN THE ENVIRONMENT.
B. Kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria – section 19-1
1. Describe the general structure of bacteria.
2. Sketch the three shapes of bacteria. Label each.
3. Do bacteria move? Explain.
4. Bacteria may be either autotrophic or heterotrophic in order to acquire energy. Describe how this
is accomplished in the following:
 Chemoheterotrophic bacteria
 Photoheterotrophic bacteria
 Chemoautotrophic bacteria
 Photoautotrophic bacteria
5. All living organisms must be able to release energy in order to do work. This is typically by cell
respiration or fermentation in bacteria. Distinguish among the following
 obligate aerobes
 obligate anaerobes
 facultative anaerobes
6. How do bacteria reproduce asexually? Sexually? How is each of these processes adaptive?
7. What are endospores? Why are they an important adaptation?
8. Read pages 476-477. Bacteria are often known only for their ability to cause disease. However,
they occupy a variety of niches. Elaborate on this by discussing at least three helpful or
beneficial roles of bacteria in the environment.
Activity #2: Bacteria Lab (Formal lab write up)