Download Biology Chapter 7 Cell Type Notes 11-17

Cells
All cells share some common characteristics:
1. Plasma membrane – phospholipid bilayer that serves
as the barrier between what is inside/outside the cell.
2. Genetic material – all cells have DNA for their
heritable material
3. Ribosomes – organelles that build proteins based on
the information stored in the DNA.
4. Cytoplasm – organelles and fluid inside the plasma
membrane, excluding the nucleus.
Prokaryotic Cells vs. Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells - All Bacterial Cells
Pro = Before
Karyote = Kernel = Nucleus
Prokaryotic cells
lack membrane
bound organelles
Small Cells
Generally range from 010 micrometers (µm)
Nucleoid Region – Nucleus-like region where the DNA
inside a prokaryotic cell is coiled. Not a nucleus, no
membrane.
Cell Wall – located beyond the plasma membrane. Helps
protect and maintain the shape of the cell. Not made of
cellulose.
Capsule – located outside the cell wall of some
prokaryotes. Sticky layer that adds protection and allows
cells to stick to surfaces.
Pili (Pilus)/Fimbriae – short projections that help cells
attach to surfaces.
Prokaryotic Flagella – long projections that propel the cell
through its liquid environment.
Eukaryotic Cells – Protist, Plant, Fungus and Animal Cells
Eu = True
Karyote = Kernel = Nucleus
Eukaryotes have many different membrane bound
compartments called organelles that carry-out specific
functions for the cell.
 Cellular metabolism – chemical activities of the cell
o Many take place in these compartments
 Many important molecules (like enzymes and other
proteins) are embedded into the membranes of these
organelles.
Eukaryotic cells have organelles with and without
membranes.
Larger Cells
Generally range from 10-100 micrometers (µm)
Plant and Animal cells share many similar organelles:





Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Vesicles
Peroxisomes
Plants
 Cell wall
 Chloroplast
 Large Central
Vacuole





Smooth/Rough ER
Lysosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Cytoskeleton
Others
Animals
 Centrioles
 Flagella*