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Name: Answer Key World I: Classical India and China Review Packet Directions: Answer the following questions. They DO NOT need to be in complete sentences. 1. What is reincarnation? -When an individual soul or spirit is born again and again until moksha is achieved. 2. What is Karma? -Sum of good and bad actions atman carries from life to life -Good and bad actions affect future life. 3. What is dharma? -Buddhist doctrine or law 4. List the Four Noble Truths. -Everything in life is suffering and sorrow -The cause of all suffering is people’s selfish desire for the temporary pleasures of this world -The way to end all suffering is to end all desires -The way to overcome desires and attain enlightenment is to follow the Eightfold Path 5. What three gods are part of Brahman? -Brahma, the creator -Vishnu, the protector -Shiva, the destroyer 6. What were Asoka’s accomplishments? -Brought empire to its greatest heights -Extensive roads -Watering places -Rest houses for travelers -Religious toleration 7. How did the Aryans divide India into caste systems (two ways)? by occupation and by race 8. Why was it so hard to invade the Indian subcontinent? - because of the mountains to the northwest and northeast and water to the southwest and southeast. 9. List the three Chinese schools of thought and their founders. -Confucianism/ Confucius -Legalism/Hanfeizi -Daoism/Laozi 10. Which dynasty killed Confucian thinkers and burned their books? -The Qin Empire 11. What do Buddhists achieve when they reach nirvana? -Enlightenment and a release from the cycle of reincarnation 12. Why did the Mauryan and Gupta empires decline? -The Mauryan Empire was overrun by people fleeing from Asia -The Gupta Empire was overrun by the Huns and other central Asian nomads 13. How were the three main rulers of the Gupta Empire connected? -They were all related/ father, son, and grandson 14. Describe the building of the Great Wall in China. -Built to protect the Qin dynasty -Took 10 years to construct the 1,400 miles of wall -Made of layers of earth pounded into wooden frames -300,000 men built it; some soldiers and peasants were forced to work 15. What do Hinduism and Buddhism have in common? -Both are religions -Both believe in reincarnation and karma -Moksha and nirvana are similar -both were founded in India 16. How are Hinduism and Buddhism different? -Buddhism has really no gods/ Hinduism has many Gods (polytheistic) -Buddhism has no caste system/ Hinduism has a caste system -Buddhism has a founder (Siddhartha Gautama)/ Hinduism has no single founder 17. Describe yin and yang. -Two powers that together represent the natural rhythms of life -Yin (shadow)/Yang (sunlit) 18. What type of government did Shi Huandgi form in China? -Legalist 19. How did Confucius believe society should be organized? -Social order, harmony, and good government could be restored if society was organized around five basic relationships 20. How did Shi Huangdi unify China? -A program of centralization 21. Which Chinese philosopher emphasized a respect for parents? -Confucius 22. What technology did the Han dynasty develop? -Paper - more efficient plow, iron tools, the wheelbarrow, watermills to grind grain -Invented the seismograph and the magnetic compass 23. How did Confucian teachings define women’s roles? - women were involved, but men held the power and kept the family together 24. What did the Indian dynasties invent? -Advancements in astronomy -The decimal system -The value of pi and zero 25. How did the Chinese government establish control over commerce and manufacturing? -The government established monopolies (complete control over the production and distribution) of salt mining, iron forging, coin minting, and alcohol brewing 26. What do Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva each represent? -Brahma, the creator -Vishnu, the protector -Shiva, the destroyer 27. Which religion is associated with India and the caste system? -Hinduism 28. Who spread Buddhism to China and other parts of Asia? -Buddhist missionaries 29. Who is the Supreme God in Hinduism? -Brahman 30. Who created the caste system? -Aryans, a group of Indo-Europeans 31. Which religion is associated with the Four Noble Truths? -Buddhism 32. What is moksha? - the Hindu word for the release from samsara (reincarnation) 33. What was Siddhartha Gautama called by his followers? -Buddha 34. What is nirvana? -Buddha’s word for release from selfishness, which all could reach by following the Eightfold Path 35. Who was Chandra Gupta I? -Came to power by marrying an old royal family, took control in 320 CE 36. Who was Chandragupta Maurya? Who was Kautilya? -Killed Nanda king in 321 BCE and claimed the throne -Mauryan Empire, advisor who wrote the ruler’s handbook Arthasastra 37. Who was Asoka? -Chandragupta’s grandson who claimed throne in 269 BCE -Brought Mauryan Empire to its greatest heights 38. What is the Arthasastra? -Mauryan Empire, the ruler’s handbook 39. Who was Chandra Gupta II? -Chandra Gupta I’s grandson and Samudra Gupta’s son -Added Mediterranean trade to empire and used peaceful means to expand 40. What were the sacred texts of Hinduism? -Upanishads and Vedas 41. How did Legalists achieve order in society? -Rulers had absolute power backed by the military and controlled thinkers with strict laws 42. Why did Shi Huangdi build the Great Wall of China? -To protect the Qin dynasty from attacks by northern nomads 43. What is a monopoly? What is one example from the Han dynasty? -Complete control over the production and distribution of certain goods -Salt mining, iron forging, coin minting, alcohol brewing 44. What advancements in math did the Gupta Empire make? -Invented modern numerals and the decimal system and determined the value of pi and zero 45. What are the five basic relationships according to Confucius? -Ruler and subject -Older brother and younger brother -Father and son -Friend and friend -Husband and wife 46. What are the castes in the Indian caste system in order from top to bottom? -Brahmins (priests) -Warriors -Peasants or traders -Laborers -Untouchables (butchers, gravediggers, trash collectors) 47. What are the main achievements of the Phoenicians? - traded with civilizations in the Fertile Crescent - developed purple dye for clothing - were considered to be the first world traders 48. Why was Cyrus (king of the Persians) so great? - expanded the empire over 2,000 miles - showed compassion to those he conquered - used adaptation while conquering 49. What did the Kingdom of Kush pride themselves in doing? - preserving the traditions and values of the Egyptians 50. What was the capital city of Nineveh known for? - its expansive library collection of 25,000 clay tablets