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CHAPTER 10 THE FLOWERING OF TRADITIONAL CHINA ______________________________________________________________________________ CHAPTER OUTLINE I. China after the Han II. China Reunified: The Sui, the Tang, and the Song A. The Sui Dynasty B. The Tang Dynasty C. The Song Dynasty D. Political Structures: The Triumph of Confucianism 1. Equal Opportunities in China: The Civil Service Examination 2. Local Government E. The Economy 1. Land Reform 2. The Urban Economy 3. The Silk Road 4. The Maritime Route F. Society in Traditional China 1. Rise of the Gentry 2. Village China 3. The Role of Women III. Explosion in Central Asia: The Mongol Empire A. The Creation of the Mongol Empire B. Mongol Rule in China C. From the Yuan to the Ming IV. The Ming Dynasty A. The Voyages of Zhenghe B. The Ming Turn Inward V. In Search of the Way A. The Rise and Decline of Buddhism and Daoism 1.The Sinification of Buddhism B. Neo-Confucianism: The Investigation of Things VI. The Apogee of Chinese Culture A. Literature 1. Poetry 2. Popular Culture 3. The Chinese Novel B. Art VII. Conclusion Learning Objectives In this chapter, students will focus on: The reasons for the several centuries of internal division after the decline of the Han dynasty, and the impact it had on Chinese society Major changes in the political structures and social and economic life during the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties Why the Mongols were able to amass an empire, and the characteristics of their rule in China The chief initiatives taken by the early rulers of the Ming dynasty to enhance the role of China in the world, and why the imperial court ordered the famous voyages of Zheng He, and why they were discontinued The roles Buddhism, Daoism, and Neo-Confucianism played in Chinese intellectual life in the period between the Sui dynasty and the Ming dynasty The main achievements in art and literature in the period between the Tang dynasty and the Ming, and the technological and intellectual developments that contributed to those achievements. Why China was able to reconstitute itself upon the same political and cultural foundations, unlike other classical empires, after falling under the onslaught of nomadic invasions