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Maya, Aztec, Inca Comparison Chart Location Time Periods Capital/Key Cities Economy Religion Government Maya Aztec Inca Central America, Yucatan (Mexico) Central America, Mexico 400BC-1517AD Height: 200-900AD 1200 to 1521 South America, along the Andes Mountains Modern Peru 1200-1572AD Tikal, Chichen Itza, Copan, Palenque, Mayapan Tenochtitlan (middle of lake); Mexico City today Cuzco (Machu Picchu later) Farming (corn, beans, squash, cacao bean), terrace farming, slash and burn Trade – salt, flint, feathers, shells, honey; private commerce Farming (corn, beans, tomatoes, squash) chinampas (rectangular beds for farming) Many gods, linked so specific thing like death, rain, corn; king’s blood is sacred, sacrificed animals and some humans; pierced/carved bodies Many gods, sun god most important, human sacrifice (POWs, criminals, slaves) Farming (corn, cotton, potatoes) – Terraces Controlled by government; community cooperation; labor tribute called mita; required to work for the state; govt. took care of people; welfare state Many gods, some human sacrifice Theocracy (God/Kings);Well Very powerful God-King, organized city states each with highly centralized, war was for a king, war was for tribute; captives and tribute ($; vast classes – king, nobles, priests, empire through military merchants, peasants conquest Centralized govt.; King at the center of empire, Controlled political and economic life; War is for conquest Technology Decline/End of Civilization Contributions Social System Writing, math, monumental architecture, calendar; terracing, slash and burn Abandoned cities, Toltec invaders, disappeared (war, overpopulation, overpopulation and over farming of land; famine, disease Abandoned cities, Toltec invaders, disappeared (war, overpopulation, overpopulation and over farming of land; famine, disease Different classes of people Built monumental Terraces, irrigation, medicine, architecture, pyramids, monumental architecture, chinampas (floating gardens), roads, public works calendar Under Montezuma, power Civil war and Spanish began to weaken; physical invasion resources channeled into (Conquistadors - Pizarro); religious activities; Cortes and Atahualpa ransomed and then the Spanish kill the king, the killed by Spanish; smallpox empire ended (Conquistadors) Maize (corn), calendar, Medicine, irrigation, terraces, architecture, pyramids, ball calendar; single language, court – life or death network of roads, chasquis – shelter for travelers; sophisticated record keeping; quipu – accounting system (knotted strings to record data); calendar Different classes of people, Different classes of people, all King/Emperor, Nobles, required to work for govt. commoners, slaves; warriors certain days, also cared for; have high social status, women drafted for religious widespread use of slaves duties (yamacuma)