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Study Guide for Chapter 4 Sections 2-5
Answer the questions in complete sentences.
Chapter 4 Section 2 Characteristics of Stars (pages 126-133)
1. Name 5 characteristics used to classify stars.
2. What 2 factors does the brightness of stars depend on?
3. What is apparent brightness?
4. What is absolute brightness?
5. What is a light-year?
6. How do astronomers measure distances to the stars?
7. Why must astronomers wait 6 months to measure the parallax of a star?
8.
What 2 factors affect parallax? (Think of the parallax lab.)
9. What is the relationship between surface temperature and brightness for main
sequence stars on the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram?
10. Using Figure 10 on page 132, name 3 features about the star Rigel.
11. What color are the coolest stars? What color are the hottest stars?
Chapter 4 Section 3 Lives of Stars (pages 136-140)
12. When is a star born?
13. What does the lifetime of a star depend on?
14. Do stars with less mass or more mass live longer?
15. What is a nebula?
16. What is the force that tends to pull together the matter in stars?
17. Name the part of the sun where nuclear fusion starts.
18. What stage of a low-mass or medium-mass star’s life is when it has no fuel left
but it glows faintly?
19. What stage occurs when a high-mass star evolves into a supergiant and then runs
out of fuel and suddenly explodes?
Chapter 4 Section 4 Star Systems and Galaxies (pages 141-147)
20. What is the major difference between elliptical galaxies and spiral galaxies?
21. What is an irregular galaxy?
23. Which type of galaxy is the Milky Way galaxy?
24. What type of galaxy is the sun a part of?
25. Place the following in order from smallest to largest. (Universe, star system,
galaxy)
Chapter 4 Section 5 The Expanding Universe (pages 148-153)
26. What theory describes the formation of the universe?
27. What is the leftover thermal energy from the big bang?