Download Bioenergetics and Cardiorespiratory Unit Test Review Chapter 3

Bioenergetics and Cardiorespiratory Unit Test Review
Chapter 3 – Bioenergetics:
1.
Define Bioenergetics (pg. 22).
The study of energy flow and the catabolic and anabolic processes used in
metabolism.
2.
What does ATP stand for and what is it made up of?
-Adenosine Triphosphate
-An Adenosine Molecule and 3 Phosphate molecules
3.
What is the purpose of ATP and how does it do its job?
-It is the energy currency of the body used for muscular contraction
-Energy is released into the body when the high energy bond between the 2nd and 3rd
phosphate molecules is broken.
4.
Describe what happens in ATP-CP Phosphagen system and for how long it can be
maintained in each of the following phases (pg. 23):
5.
a.
Phase 1: ATP turns into ADP. Lasts up to 2 seconds.
b.
Phase 2: ADP gains a Phosphate from Creatine Phosphate and reforms ATP.
Can last up to 10 seconds.
What are the reactants (what goes in) and products (what comes out) for the following
energy systems? Also determine whether they are anaerobic or aerobic (pp. 23-25):
ATP-CP
Phosphogen System
Glycolytic System
Aerobic Glycolysis
Fatty Acid
Oxidation
Reactants
ATP
Products
ADP + P + Energy
Anaerobic / Aerobic
Anaerobic
Glucose
2 ATP + 2 Lactic
Acids + Heat
38 ATP + CO2 + H2O
+ heat
100 ATP + CO2 +
H2O + heat
Anaerobic
Glucose + Oxygen
Fatty Acid + Oxygen
6.
When effort exceeds oxygen supply, what is produced?
-Lactic Acid / Pyruvate
7.
What are the final by-products of metabolism?
-Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Water (H2O)
Aerobic
Aerobic
8.
From pages 22-25, what is the time frame (duration) of each of the following systems?
ATP-CP
Phosphogen System
0-10 seconds
Glycolytic System
Aerobic Glycolysis
10 seconds –
2 minutes
2 Minutes - Unlimited
at mid to low intensity
Fatty Acid
Oxidation
2 Minutes –
Unlimited at low
intensity
9.
Summarize the interaction of the Energy systems to include: at rest, at the beginning of
exercise, during steady-state exercise, during strenuous exercise, and during recovery (pp.
25-26).
-At Rest: Small amount of energy needed. Energy is supplied by aerobic metabolism
of fatty acids.
-Beginning of Exercise: Energy system varies depending on intensity of warm-up.
Slight increase = aerobic system. If energy demand is immediate and high stored ATP
is used (CP may be used too). If you don’t warm up gradually, you will build up
Lactic Acid because you used the anaerobic energy system.
-Steady-State: Uses the oxidative system. Fat metabolism can occur if there is enough
oxygen.
-Strenuous Exercise: Anaerobic system provides ATP. After the ATP-CP system is
exhausted (10 seconds), the glycolytic system kicks in.
-Recovery: The oxidative system is used as there is excess oxygen in the system.
10.
What does the acronym EPOC stand for, and what does it mean?
-Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption
-When your activity level has decreased, but you’re still breathing heavily, so you
have a surplus of Oxygen in your system.
11.
Which energy system(s) is/are mostly being used for the following sports (pg. 28):
a.
Basketball: Mostly ATP-CP, some Gylcolytic
b.
Volleyball: Mostly ATP-CP, some Gylcolytic
c.
Standard Marathon: Oxidative System
d.
Baseball: ATP-CP
12.
Define steady-state exercise.
-Your Oxygen intake matches your activity level and energy needs.
13.
How long does complete oxygen recovery take to happen? (pg. 26)
-Complete Oxygen recovery happens within several minutes of stopping activity.
14.
15.
How can you train to improve your lactate threshold?
-High intensity exercise, pushing for as long as you can (HITT Training, sprint /
interval training).
Complete the following chart (pg. 27):
System
Rate and
amount of
production
Fuel Used
Capacity of
System
Major
Limitation
Very rapid (1
ATP/ unit of
CP)
Stored ATP
CP
Very limited
Small supply
of ATP and
CP
Very High
Intensity (110 Seconds)
Glycolitic
(anaerobic)
Rapid (2-3
ATP/ unit of
glucose)
Blood
glucose.
Muscle
glycogen.
Limited
Lactic Acid
by product
(causes
Fatigue)
Mid to low
intensity
CHO
Oxidation
(aerobic)
Slow rate (38
ATP/unit of
glucose)
Blood
glucose.
Muscle
glycogen
Unlimited
Oxygen must
be supplied
constantly
mid to low
intensity 2+
minutes
Fatty Acid
oxidation
(aerobic)
Slow (100
ATP/ unit of
fatty acid)
Fatty acids in
blood stream
Unlimited
Large amount
of oxygen
supplied
constantly
Low intensity
and 2 minutes
+
ATP-CP
(phase 1 and
2)
Primary Use
Chapter 4 – Cardiorespiratory Concepts:
1.
What is the average human’s heart rate?
-72 Beats Per Minute (BPM)
2.
What is the average human’s blood pressure?
-120/80
3.
Define Systolic Pressure:
-The pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries as the heart contracts.
4.
Define Diastolic Pressure:
-The pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries as the heart relaxes and fills again.
5.
Define Vasoconstriction:
-The contraction and tightening of the arteries.
6.
Define Vasodilation:
-The relaxing and opening of the arteries.
7.
Define Stroke Volume:
-The amount of blood that the left ventricle ejects in one beat.
8.
What is the formula for Cardiac Output?
Q = SV x HR
9.
Explain the pathway of the blood flow in the heart. Please start with deoxygenated blood in
the lower and upper extremities. POINT FORM. (pg. 35)
-In through the superior and inferior Vena Cava
-Into the Right Atrium
-Into the Right Ventricle
-Out of the Pulmonary Artery to the lungs
-Collects Oxygen Leaves CO2 in the lungs
-Back through the Pulmonary Veins to the heart
-Into the Left Atrium
-Into the Left Ventricle
-Out through the aorta to the rest of the body.
10.
Circle the following benefits of cardiorespiratory training:
11.
a.
Heart Grows / Heart Shrinks
b.
Stroke Volume Increases / Stroke Volume Decreases
c.
Heart Rate Increases / Heart Rate Decreases
d.
Improves Ability to do Daily Activities / Reduces Ability to do Daily Activities
e.
Increases Efficiency of Blood Delivery / Decreases Efficiency of Blood Delivery
Where does the exchange of Oxygen and nutrients in tissues take place?
-Capillaries
12. Complete the following chart (pg. 46):
Description
Beginner (Very
Intermediate
low to low fitness)
(average fitness)
Advanced (above-average
fitness)
Program Focus
Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type
13.
What is the formula to determine maximum heart rate? (pg. 41)
220 - Age
14.
What is the formula for determining Heart Rate Reserve (HRR)? (pg. 42)
(220 – Age) – Resting HR
15.
Using the Heart Rate Reserve formula, determine the heart rate range between 55% and
64% for a 45 year old female with a resting heart rate of 74 BPM.
HRR = (220 – Age) – Resting HR
HRR = (220 – 45) – 74
HRR = 175– 74
HRR = 101
Low End Target HR = HRR x % + Resting HR
Low End Target HR = 101 x .55 + 74
Low End Target HR = 55.55 + 74
Low End Target HR = 129.55 BPM
High End Target HR = HRR x % + Resting HR
High End Target HR = 101 x .64 + 74
High End Target HR = 64.64 + 74
High End Target HR = 138.64 BPM
16.
Using the Heart Rate Reserve formula, determine the heart rate range between 60% and
90% for a 24 year old male with a resting heart rate of 65 BPM.
17.
Using the Maximum Heart Rate formula, determine the heart rate range between 70% and
85% for a 50 year old female with a resting heart rate of 80 BPM.
Max HR = 220 – Age
Max HR = 220 – 50
Max HR = 170
Low End Target HR = 170 x 0.70
Low End Target HR = 119 BPM
High End Target HR = 170 x 0.85
High End Target HR = 144.5 BPM
18.
Using the Maximum Heart Rate formula, determine the heart rate range between 72% and
95% for an 18 year old male with a resting heart rate of 55 BPM.
Max HR = 220 – Age
Max HR = 220 – 18
Max HR = 202
Low End Target HR = 202 x 0.72
Low End Target HR = 145.4 BPM
High End Target HR = 202 x 0.95
High End Target HR = 191.9 BPM