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Section Four: Spelling & Vocabulary 6th Grade Accountability Word List These words are expected to be spelled correctly every time you use them beginning September 1st. Points may be taken off every time a words is spelled incorrectly. 1 there John is standing there, near the basketball courts. There is a big hole in the ground where the pirates dug for buried treasure. 2 their Their backpacks are hanging on hooks in the classroom. 3 they’re =they are; They’re in room 25 and we are in room 26. 4 your Your mother will chaperone on the field trip. 5 you’re =you are; 6 to (preposition); I am going to the store. 7 two (number); I want two scoops of ice cream. 8 too 9 than (adverb); I want two scoops of ice cream, too. I don’t want too much chocolate syrup on my ice cream sundae. (used in comparisons); Amy is taller than Kevin. 10 then 11 where (used to show sequence); First we will eat lunch, then we will have recess. (adverb; “question” word); Where are you going? 12 were (verb) Were you asleep when I called? 13 should’ve =should have; I should’ve eaten the sandwich before I ate the candy bar. Also: could’ve = could have; would’ve = would have 14 its (possessive pronoun); The bird had grown so big it couldn’t fit in its nest anymore. 15 it’s = it is; 16 which Which students didn’t finish their homework? 17 new had this car for two years; it isn’t new. 18 knew I knew he could make it to the top of the hill. Alford You’re talking too loud! It’s going to rain today. 2006/2007 19 sincerely I always sign my letters “Sincerely Yours.” 20 maybe Maybe I’ll go to the ballgame tonight and maybe I won’t. 21 a lot I like a lot of mustard on my hot dog! 22 Saturday I like to sleep in on Saturday and wake up early on Sunday. 23 women The woman didn’t want to join the other women in the protest against the war. 24 effect The effects of the hurricane left the town devastated. 25 affect The hurricane affected everyone’s life. 26 California She has lived in California all her life. 27 United States He has lived in the United States since he was three. 28 American I am an American citizen. 29 ancient This year we are studying ancient civilizations. 30 civilization What are the characteristics of a civilization? 31 hominid Lucy is the most famous hominid in the archaeology world. 32 archaeology The study of archaeology allows us to examine remains of the past. 33 Egypt They pyramids of Egypt are one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. 34 Mesopotamia Will we study Mesopotamia before we study Egypt? 35 Rome We will finish social studies with the fall of Rome. 36 India India is a nation and a sub-continent. 37 China The Great Wall of China is visible from outer space. 38 Sumer The people of Sumer are called Sumerians. 39 Greece The Olympics originated in ancient Greece. 40 Israel The only country with Judaism as the primary religion is Israel. Alford 2006/2007 Commonly Misspelled Words a while acceptable accidentally accommodate acknowledge acquaintance acquire acquit amateur apparent argument arrangement assessment atheist barbecue beginning believe broccoli caffeine calendar camouflage cantaloupe Caribbean category cemetery changeable chocolate collectible colonel column committed conscience conscientious conscious consensus definitely disappear discipline Alford efficient embarrass equipment especially exaggerate exceed exciting exhilarate existence experience Fahrenheit fiery foreign forth fourth fulfill gauge generally grammar grateful guarantee harass height hierarchy humongous humorous ignorance immediate independent indispensable intelligence jewelry judgment/judgement kernel knowledge leisure license lieutenant lightning maintenance maneuver marshmallow medieval memento meringue millennium miniature miniscule miscellaneous mischievous misspell nauseous necessary neighbor noticeable occasion occur occurrence official outrageous parallel parliament pastime perseverance personnel picnicked pigeon possession precede preferable principal principle privilege pronunciation publicly refrigerator raspberry questionnaire receive recommend reference referred relevant religious repetition restaurant rhyme rhythm ridiculous sandal schedule scissors sensible separate sergeant sheriff special success supersede tariff temperature thorough threshold tomorrow tongue twelfth tyranny ukulele vacuum vague vicious weather weird 2006/2007 Spelling Menu Be sure to complete the activities on your bi-weekly word list. Then, for additional practice, complete activities from the menu below. Label the activities you choose. When you have finished your activities, staple them together in this order: pre-test on the top, weekly spelling list, spelling menu items. Design Sort Discover a word search puzzle and key out of your spelling words. your spelling words into 3-4 groups based on spelling features all the little words within the spelling words and list them. Create Produce a word web for your spelling words e.g., a pyramid for each spelling word. e.g. t th thi thin think shops YOUR CHOICE shopping shop shopper shopped Divide Author Hunt your spelling words into syllables; be sure to check the syllabication rules or the dictionary! a short story, witty sentences, riddles or poem using your spelling words (the poem doesn’t have to rhyme). for your spelling words in magazines and newspapers, etc.; Alford 2006/2007 Spelling Rules Please remember there are always exceptions to the rules and it is best to check a dictionary if you are unsure of how to spell a word. 1. ADDING S AFTER Y A. words ending in y after a vowel add s; stay stays journey journeys B. words ending in y after a consonant change the y to i and add es. baby babies cry cries 2. ADDING S AFTER S, CH, SH, X, OR Z A. words ending in s, ch, sh, x, or z add es church churches brush brushes mix mixes 3. ADDING S AFTER F or FE A. words ending in f or fe, change the f or fe to v and add es calf calves wife wives B. words ending in double f, just add s cliff cliffs stuff stuffs 4. POSSESSIVE NOUNS A. Add ’s to any singular noun boy boy’s James James’s B. If a plural noun ends in s, add the ’ after the s girls girls’ animals animals’ Joneses Joneses’ C. If a plural noun does not end in s, add the ’s like a singular noun men men’s oxen oxen’s 5. ENDING CONSONANTS A. double the final consonant and add the suffix in a word that ends in one vowel and one consonant win winner hop hopping 6. SILENT E BEFORE A SUFFIX A. drop the silent e before adding any suffix starting with a vowel give giving shareshared B. keep the final e if the suffix starts with a consonant sincere sincerely taste tasteless 7. IE OR EI? A. i before e except after c or when sounding like a as in neighbor and weigh believe receive reindeer chief Alford 2006/2007 Syllabication About Syllables: 1. Every syllable has one vowel sound 2. The number of vowel sounds in a word equals the number of syllables. take = 1 school = 1 Eng•lish = 2 Sci•ence = 2 Math•e•mat•ics = 4 How to Divide Words into Syllables: 1. A one-syllable word is never divided. 2. Divide words at the end of a line with a hyphen. 3. Place the hyphen at the end of the first line NOT the beginning of the next line. DO THIS …she went home not know- NOT …she went home not know ing that her parents had… had… -ing that her parents 4. Divide as few words as possible. 5. Do not divide words that are already hyphenated. Example: He was a good-looking man. DO NOT DIVIDE good-looking because it is already hyphenated. 6. Do not place a syllable of only one letter at the end of a line and do not place a syllable of fewer than three letters at the beginning of a line. DON’T DO THIS …he had tak- en the coat… Alford OR … because Harry was an amazing boy… 2006/2007 Where to Divide Words: If you are uncertain as to where to divide a word, consult a dictionary! There are other rules and exceptions, but the following are probably the most helpful rules: Rule #1: A compound word is divided between the two words that make up the compound word. Example: base´ • ball Rule #2: When a word has a double consonant, the word is divided between the two consonants. Example: bub´ • ble Rule #3: When a word ends in a consonant plus le, the word is divided before the consonant. Example: pur´ • ple Rule #4: Consonant blends and digraphs are never separated. Example: nick´ • el reach´ • ing Rule #5: When a word has a prefix or suffix, the syllable division is between the prefix or suffix and the root word; except with –ed. Example: un´ • known kind´ • ness fright´ • ened EXCEPTIONS: ed does form a separate syllable when it is preceded by a d or t Example: start´ • ed found´ • ed Rule #6: When a vowel is sounded alone in a word, it forms its own syllable. Example: u • nite´ Rule #7: When the first vowel in a word has the long vowel sound, the word is divided after that vowel; or after the diphthong. Example: ba´ • by loy´ • al Rule #8: When the first vowel in a word has the short vowel sound, the word is divided after the next consonant. Example: shad´ • ow Alford 2006/2007 Non-Fiction Reading Words These are some of the most frequently seen words in non-fiction writing. If you can master these words and their forms, you will have a great head start in your reading! achieve acknowledge acquire administrate affect alternative analyze approach appropriate aspect assess assist assume authority available benefit category compensate component concept conclude consist constitute construct consume context contract contribute correspond data define derive design distribute ensure Alford distinct document dominate economy element environment equate establish estimate evaluate evident exclude facilitate factor finance formula function generate grant impact imply income indicate individual initial institute interact interpret invest involve issue justify labor legal legislative maintain major margin maximize method obtain occur percent period policy potential principle proceed process proportion regulate relevant require reside resource sequence significant similar source specific specify strategy structure survey technique theory transfer valid vary volume 2006/2007 Foreign Words and Phrases a la carte ad nauseam aficionado amuck or amok angst anorak ballet boondocks cafeteria cargo carpe diem carte blanche chauffer chow cigar/cigarette corduroy coupon crayon denim entrepreneur futon honcho hors d’oeuvres kaput kayak kindergarten kow-tow luau mano a mano mea culpa memoir menu moccasin patio plaza pro bono renaissance reservoir restaurant rodeo savvy succotash taboo terra firma terra incognita tornado tycoon typhoon ukelele vamoose veni, vidi, vici verboten wampum yen Idioms eager beaver hold your horses fly off the handle at the eleventh hour make a mountain out of a mole hill toot your own horn see eye to eye out of the frying pan and into the fire cost an arm and a leg cant’ make heads or tails of something the bottom line down in the dumps play it by ear on pins and needles fish out of water Alford feeling blue red tape going bananas butter someone up bite off more than you can chew sour grapes to be all thumbs making a monkey out of someone on your toes bull in a china shop face the music to smell a rat green with envy under the weather stuffed to the gills elbow grease jump the gun pie-in-the-sky two-faced get one’s wires crossed under the weather to be all ears nose to the grindstone cry wolf live from hand to mouth goose is cooked talk turkey head in the sand spill the beans shoot the breeze 2006/2007 WOWs abominable abrupt abundant affection agile akimbo amend amiable ample animated arduous arrogant audible avid babble behemoth bewilder billow bland boisterous bountiful calamity ceaselessly chaos cherish commence compassionate consume contemplate cordial contagious deceive deplete devastate devour digress disposable dwelling edible emit erosion etiquette evade exacerbate fatal fisticuffs foliage forage fragile frivolous gracious grapple gush haphazard harmonious hinder impale inconsolable jaunt jubilant keen lapse lavish legible lenient linger luscious meander mortify nimble ominous pedigree perceive perennial perishable perplex persevere persistent pliable ponder prosper protrude quench quest replenish ruthless serene silhouette sizzle spacious scamper scorch scour sparse stamina susceptible swarm taut tedious temptation tepid terminate testify tinder tongue-tied topsy-turvy tranquil translucent treacherous trivial uproarious valiant wary wily wither wrath yammer yearn zany zest Add some words of your own! __________________________________ _____________________________ __________________________________ _____________________________ __________________________________ _____________________________ __________________________________ _____________________________ Alford 2006/2007 How To Write A Word Master Paragraph adapted from Miriam Stevenson 1. Use the word in a sentence and underline it. Examples: a. Kevin is industrious. b. We went to a restaurant last night. c. The test was a piece of cake. 2. Define the word without using it. Examples: a. He works hard and never gives up. b. The place served delicious food. c. It was so easy for me. 3. Write a sentence describing an action associated with the word. Examples: a. He plans ahead to be sure he has enough time to complete all of his assignments. b. I ordered my food with the waiter. c. Having studied for two nights previously, I was prepared. 4. Write another sentence describing an action associated with the word. Examples: a. Not only does he work hard at school, but he is also studying to be an Eagle Scout. b. Unfortunately, instead of serving my dish piping hot, it arrived cold. c. I reviewed the chapters we read in class. 5. Write a sentence explaining how people feel about or react to the word using a synonym or antonym and underline that word. Examples: a. People can count on Kevin to be diligent and complete a job or project. b. Never-the-less, even if it is only a cafeteria. I am still happy to go out-to-eat instead of having to make dinner myself. c. I felt confident about my answers because the test was not difficult. Example Paragraphs: A. B. C. Kevin is industrious. He works hard and never gives up. He plans ahead to be sure he has enough time to complete all of his assignments. Not only does he work hard at school, but he is also studying to be an Eagle Scout. People can count on Kevin to be diligent and complete a job or project. We went to a restaurant last night. The place served delicious food. I ordered my food with the waiter. Unfortunately, instead of serving my dish piping hot, it arrived cold. Never-the-less, even if it is only a cafeteria. I am still happy to go out-to-eat instead of having to make dinner myself. The test was a piece of cake. It was so easy for me. Having studied for two nights previously, I was prepared. I reviewed the chapters we read in class I felt confident about my answers because the test was not difficult. From your paragraph people should be able to know what industrious, restaurant, or piece of cake means! Alford 2006/2007