Download Another Mid-Point Review Global History and Geography I Name: E

Another Mid-Point Review
Global History and Geography I
Name: _____________________________
E. Napp
Date: _____________________________
Introduction
Location
Primary Source
Great Rift Valley
Ethnocentrism
Culture
Cultural Diffusion
Mountains
Mountains
In China, the development of ethnocentrism
was most influenced by
1- its historic reliance on foreign
nations
2- a long history of democratic
government
3- a strong belief in Christianity
4- its geographic isolation
A. It is a way of life of a group of people.
Language, religion, and customs are
components of it. It is a “blueprint”
for living.
B. It is the exchange of cultural ideas
and objects. Buddhism in China is
an example. Islam in Africa is
another example.
C. It is the belief that one’s culture is
superior to other cultures. The
ancient Chinese and Romans
exhibited this belief.
D. It is an eyewitness account of an
event. A diary of an Athenian
merchant is an example.
E. It is a geographic feature. It
separated the cultures of Europe and
Asia. It hindered but did not prevent
invaders entering India.
F. This geographic feature directly
influenced the early interactions
between China and Korea.
G. This Social Scientist excavates
artifacts in order to determine how
people lived.
H. Louis and Mary Leakey were
anthropologists. They studied the
origins of humanity. They gathered
archaeological evidence that
suggested that the earliest humans
developed in this region.
The study of culture primarily involves
1- observing the physical environment
of people
2- learning why various peoples live as
they do
3- understanding the technology of
modern machinery
4- analyzing the personalities of
children in the same family
River Valley Civilizations
Urban Planning
Dynasty
Sumerians
Pharaoh
River
Huang He
Code of Hammurabi
Neolithic Revolution
Mesopotamia
Nile
The early civilizations of the Nile River
Valley, Mesopotamia, and the Yellow River
Valley were similar because they were
1- industrialized societies
2- monotheistic
3- dependent on fertile land
4- dependent on each other for trade
A. People learned to farm and
domesticate animals. People settled.
Civilizations developed.
B. This geographic feature provided
water for farming. Sometimes
flooding left rich soil, which was ideal
for farming.
C. It was the land between the Tigris
and Euphrates Rivers. An early
civilization developed in this land.
D. Historians often call Egypt the gift of
this river. This river made
civilization in Egypt possible.
E. It is also known as the Yellow River.
Chinese civilization developed in its
valley. It can flood violently and
unpredictably.
F. In the Indus River Valley, a city was
carefully planned and built on a grid
pattern. Every brick in every
building was the same size. Harappa
and Mohenjo-Daro were important
cities.
G. These early people developed a
writing system known as cuneiform,
built ziggurats or temples to their
gods, and developed city-states.
H. It is a ruling family. According to
archaeologists, the Shang established
China’s first ruling family.
I. He was the divine ruler of ancient
Egypt. Egyptian writing or
hieroglyphics records his actions. He
was mummified and a pyramid
served as his tomb.
J. It was the first written law code. It
had harsh punishments and class
divisions.
One way in which the civilizations of the
Sumerians, the Phoenicians, and the Maya
were similar is that each
1- developed extensive writing systems
2- emphasized equality in education
3- established monotheistic religions
4- encouraged democracy
Classical Civilizations
Maya
Asoka
Gupta
Athens
Romans
Alexander the Great
Greek Philosophers
A. This city-state developed direct
democracy. Only free men born in
this city-state voted. Women, slaves,
and foreigners did not vote. It also
used columns in architecture and
developed philosophy and theater.
B. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were
_______ _______. They asked
important questions and developed
important ideas. The Athenian
Socrates differed from a Spartan
with his militaristic perspective.
C. This Macedonian general conquered
a vast empire. His soldier traveled
all the way to the Indus River Valley.
Though his empire did not survive
his death, he spread a Greek-like
culture or Hellenism.
D. Before they conquered an empire,
they developed a republic or a type of
government where citizens elect
representatives. They also developed
the Twelve Tables or written laws
that included concepts like innocent
until proven guilty. They even build
roads that are used today.
E. This Mauryan ruler converted to
Buddhism after a particularly violent
battle. He was disgusted by cruelty
and his words of compassion and
religious tolerance were written on
Pillars throughout his Empire.
F. This Indian civilization experienced a
golden age. Great advances in
mathematics and science developed.
The concept of zero, the decimal
system, and even vaccinations were
invented. In addition, great works of
literature in Sanskrit were produced.
It was a golden age of Hindu culture.
G. This Mesoamerican civilization was
very advanced. Sustainable farming
occurred in rain forests. The concept
of zero was invented, pyramids were
built and astronomy studied.
Dynasties and Belief Systems
Mandate of Heaven
Confucianism
Great Wall
Qin
Han
Daoism
Silk Road
According the teachings of Confucius, the
key to the successful organization of society
is that
1- the ruler should be chosen
democratically
2- the evil in humans must be
eliminated
3- ancestor worship should be
discontinued
4- individuals should know and do what
is expected of them
A. This Chinese dynasty was known for
its harsh rule. The emperor believed
in Legalism. However, this dynasty
also united with a uniform writing
system and a uniform system of
weights and measures.
B. This dynasty is frequently compared
to the Roman Empire. It encouraged
trade and developed the examination
system. A candidate for government
service had to pass a test.
C. This important trading route
connected China to the Middle East
and the Mediterranean Sea. Chinese
products traveled along this route.
D. This philosophy became the official
philosophy of many Chinese
dynasties. Order was very
important. Inferiors had to obey
superiors. Superiors had to set good
examples.
E. This philosophy inspired Chinese
artists. It emphasized the
importance of nature. People needed
to live in harmony with nature.
F. This Chinese belief stated that the
gods chose the emperor to rule but
the gods could remove a corrupt
emperor. It led to the dynastic cycle.
G. It was built to protect China from
invaders. Many Chinese workers
died building it.
Confucianism in traditional China served to
1- maintain social order
2- create ethnic unrest
3- emphasize material wealth
4- support democratic government
Belief Systems
Islam
Hinduism
Buddhism
Monotheism
Orthodox Christianity
Roman Catholic Church
Polytheism
Russia
Animism
Judaism
Christianity
A. It is the oldest religion. It teaches an
appreciation for the forces of nature.
Spirits exist in the natural world
B. The Torah, the Exodus, and the Ten
Commandments are associated with
this religion. Monotheism and
ethical conduct are important
characteristics.
C. It is based on the divinity of Jesus.
According to it, Jesus’s crucifixion
and resurrection made possible the
forgiveness of sins.
D. The Koran, Hegira, and Jihad are
associated with this religion. It was
founded by Muhammad in Mecca.
Muslims must make a pilgrimage to
Mecca, if able.
E. Reincarnation, karma, and dharma
are associated with this religion. The
caste system is a fixed class system of
this religion. The caste system lacks
social mobility.
F. According to this belief system,
desire causes suffering. It
encourages people to end selfish
desire. The Four Noble Truths, the
Noble Eightfold Path, and Nirvana
are associated with it.
G. It is the belief in one god. Judaism,
Christianity, and Islam share this
belief.
H. It is the belief in many gods.
Followers worship many gods.
I. This nation was influenced by
Byzantine missionaries. Its people
adopted the Cyrillic alphabet,
Orthodox Christianity, and the idea
of an absolute ruler.
J. It was the religion of Western
Europe after the fall of Rome. It
united the people of Western Europe
during the Middle Ages.
K. It was the religion of the Byzantine
Empire. Icons or religions paintings
were used for worship.
After the Fall of Rome
Roman Catholic Church
Medieval
Crusades
Feudalism
Roman
Serf
Cultural Diffusion
The Middle Ages in Western Europe was
characterized by
1- the manor system and the
importance of land ownership
2- absolute monarchies and strong
central governments
3- decreased emphasis on religion in
daily life
4- extensive trade with Asia and the
Middle East
Feudal societies are generally characterized
by
1- an emphasis on social order
2- a representative government
3- many economic opportunities
4- the protection of political rights
A. Land is exchanged for military
service. Lords own land and give
land to vassals in exchange for
soldiers.
B. Feudalism developed in Western
Europe after the fall of this empire.
A period of disorder ensued.
C. The Middle Ages are also known as
the ___________. This is the Latin
word means relating or belonging to
the Middle Ages.
D. This individual was bound to the
Lord’s land. He could not leave his
Lord’s land. He labored for the
Lord in exchange for protection.
Even his descendants were bound to
the Lord’s land.
E. These holy wars were fought between
Christians and Muslims for control
of the Holy Land.
F. Christians lost the holy wars.
However, this increased. The
Muslims had experienced a golden
age. Christians received new ideas
and products from the Muslims.
G. During Medieval times, this
institution united people in Western
Europe and provided stability.
In Europe, a long-term effect of the
Crusades was
1- the strengthening of the feudal
system
2- the adoption of Islamic religious
practices
3- an increased demand for goods from
the East
4- increased European isolation
Which statement best describes the result of the
Crusades?
1- Europeans maintained a lasting control
over much of the Middle East
2- Islamic influence dominated Europe
3- Europeans developed tolerance of NonChristian religions
4- trade between Europe and the Middle
East was expanded