Download Study Guide - Unit 5a - Manifest Destiny thru

A.P. United States History
Mr. MacLehose
Manifest Destiny to Reconstruction (Chs. 13-16)
As you review Chapters 13-16, keep the following key terms in mind. For each term, you should be familiar
with relevant people, dates, events, and its impact.
Western Expansion & Manifest Destiny
1) Immigration to America – general patterns
2) New immigrants (esp. Irish & Germans) – motivations, settlement patterns, culture
3) Response to immigration (esp. Nativism & temperance movement)
4) Nativism & anti-Catholicism
5) “Know-Nothing” or American party (more in Ch. 14)
6) Adams-Onis Treaty (Florida & Texas border)
7) Santa Fe Trail
8) Anglo-American settlement of Texas
9) Texas settlers (Stephen F. Austin, Davy Crockett, Jim Bowie, Sam Houston)
10) General Santa Anna
11) Texas Independence & Republic (Alamo, Goliad, San Jacinto) – causes & impact
12) Early American settlements in California & New Mexico
13) Oregon Country (American settlement, land claims, 54°40’ or Fight) & Oregon Trail
14) Rise of Whig Party (esp. Harrison, Tyler, Clay & Webster)
15) Texas Annexation – debates, passage (esp. sectional response)
16) Election of 1844 – issues & candidates (Polk, Clay & Liberty Party)
17) Manifest Destiny (John O’Sullivan) and impact on US foreign policy
18) James Polk (esp. Oregon & Mexico)
19) Mexican War (causes, impact, dissent)
20) Texas border dispute
21) Key figures in Mexican War (Santa Anna, Zachary Taylor, John Fremont, Winfield Scott, Commodore John
Sloat, Stephen Watts Kearny, James Polk)
22) Opposition to War (esp. Lincoln, Thoreau & other northerners)
23) “Bear Flag Republic”
24) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (esp. land acquisitions)
25) Wilmot Proviso (support & opposition)
26) Election of 1848 – issues & candidates (Taylor, Cass, Van Buren)
27) Free Soil Party
28) California Gold Rush
Sectionalism
29) California’s admission as state (reasons & debate)
30) Compromise of 1850 (causes, problems, passage, leading figures)
31) John Calhoun’s arguments
32) “popular sovereignty”
33) Response to Fugitive Slave Act (Personal Liberty Laws, Underground RR, etc.)
34) Harriet Beecher Stowe & Uncle Toms Cabin (response in North & South)
35) Election of 1852 – issues & candidates (Pierce, Scott, Hale)
36) End of 2nd Party System (Whigs & Dems) – causes, impact, new parties
37) Kansas-Nebraska Act (causes, response)
38) Stephen Douglas - policies and impact throughout 1850s (esp. popular sovereignty)
39) Ostend Manifesto
40) Rise of Republican party (roots in other parties, policies, regional popularity)
41) “Bleeding Kansas” (esp. extremists on both sides & influence on national politics)
42) “Sack of Lawrence” & Pottawatomie Massacre
43) Competing governments in Kansas (Lecompton vs. Topeka)
44) Charles Sumner & Preston Brooks
45) Election of 1856 – issues, candidates & impact (Buchanan, Fremont, Fillmore)
46) Roger Taney & Dred Scott decision (regional responses, impact on national politics)
47) James Buchanan as President
48) Lincoln-Douglas debates
49) John Brown & Harper’s Ferry (esp. regional responses)
50) Election of 1860 – issues, candidates & parties (esp. split in Dem. Party)
51) Secession & southern response to Lincoln’s election (esp. response in Lower & Upper South)
52) Creation of Confederate States of America
53) Jefferson Davis
54) Crittenden Amendment
55) Lincoln’s response to secession (esp. contrasted to Buchanan’s)
56) Fort Sumter
57) Secession of Upper South
Civil War
58) Recruitment & conscription of soldiers
59) Confederate Conscription Act (support & resentment)
60) Enrollment Act
61) Raising & paying for armies (how was money raised? How did Americans react?)
62) War bonds
63) “greenbacks” & Legal Tender Act
64) Inflation & tax policies
65) Similarities & contrasts b/w Abraham Lincoln & Jefferson Davis
66) Alexander Stephens
67) Congressional Election of 1862 (esp. impact on Republican Party)
68) Border states
69) Suspension of habeas corpus (in Maryland and later all of Union)
70) Military advantages & disadvantages of North & South
71) Military strategies (Anaconda plan, total war, naval blockade, etc.)
72) Technological advances (Gatling gun, Springfield rifle, trenches, etc.)
73) *First Battle of Bull Run
74) *General George B. McClellan
75) Peninsula Campaign
76) *Antietam
77) General Ambrose Burnside
78) *General Ulysses S. Grant
79) *Shiloh
80) *Admiral David Farragut
81) *Merrimac & Monitor (esp. impact on naval battles)
82) Trent Affair
83) “cotton diplomacy” (esp. impact on southern economy)
84) Confiscation Act
85) Emancipation Proclamation (including Initial Emancipation Proclamation)
86) Contraband
87) Freedmen’s Bureau
2
88) African American soldiers (esp. 54th Mass. & Col. Robert Gould Shaw)
89) *Fredericksburg
90) *General Joseph Hooker
91) Chancellorsville (Stonewall Jackson’s death)
92) *Gettysburg
93) *Vicksburg
94) Economic impact of C.W. on North & South
95) Railroads – impact & expansion during war
96) Morrill Land Grant Act
97) Speculators & swindlers
98) Devastation of southern economy
99) Division in southern politics (esp. over states’ rights)
100) “War Democrats” vs. “Peace Democrats” (or Copperheads)
101) *New York City draft riots
102) Ex parte Milligan
103) Clement L. Vallandigham
104) Medical advances during C.W.
105) United States Sanitary Commission
106) Dorothea Dix & Clara Barton
107) Role of nursing
108) Andersonville
109) National Woman’s Loyal League (and debates over woman’s suffrage)
110) *William Tecumseh Sherman & Sherman’s march to the sea (esp. in context of “total war”)
111) Election of 1864 – candidates, issues, impact (National Union Party)
112) Appomattox
113) Lincoln’s assassination
Reconstruction
114) Phases of Reconstruction (Presidential, Congressional)
115) Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan (Proclamation of Amnesty & Reconstruction or “10% plan”) – esp. in
contrast to Congressional Plan
116) Wade-Davis Bill
117) Andrew Johnson as president
118) Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan (esp. leniency to South)
119) 13th Amendment
120) “black codes”
121) Division within Republican Party (conservative, moderate & radical) & debates that led to collaboration
b/w moderates & radicals
122) Radical Reconstruction (esp. Johnson’s role in forcing Rad. Recon.)
123) Thaddeus Stevens
124) Charles Sumner
125) O.O. Howard
126) Political fight b/w Johnson & Congress
127) Civil Rights Act of 1866
128) 14th Amendment (roots, passage & enforcement)
129) Congressional Election of 1866
130) Congressional (or Radical) Reconstruction
131) Reconstruction Act of 1867
3
132)
133)
134)
135)
136)
137)
138)
139)
140)
141)
142)
143)
144)
145)
146)
147)
148)
149)
150)
151)
152)
153)
154)
155)
156)
Tenure of Office Act
Edwin M. Stanton
Impeachment crisis & trial
Benjamin Wade
15th Amendment
Southern republicans (“carpetbaggers”, “scalawags” & freedmen)
African American political participation
Success & failure of Republican Reconstruction
Role of Federal government during Reconstruction
Rise of Ku Klux Klan
Enforcement Acts
Military role in Reconstruction
Impact of emancipation on African Americans
Education in south (rise of public schools & universities)
Sharecropping & crop-lien system
Scandals under Grant Administration (esp. Credit Mobilier & Whiskey Ring)
Grantism
Boss Tweed
“Seward’s Folly”
Election of 1872 – candidates, issues, impact on Reconstruction
Panic of 1873 – causes, impact
Southern Redemption (Democrat) governments – when, how, who supported
Impact of Redemption governments on southern society
Election of 1876 – candidates, issues, dispute
Compromise of 1877
Major themes and guiding questions
 Foreign policy (Oregon territory, Mexican War)
 Manifest destiny (Why did Americans believe it was their right to control the land? What were the roots
of this belief? What was the impact of manifest destiny? How did Americans respond to new territory?
How did they justify acquiring it? What happened to those who lived on the land?)
 Sectionalism and popular sovereignty
 Divisiveness of slavery issue (What caused the divisiveness? Why at this time?)
 Secession (Why? Were there other alternatives? What historical precedents were there for secession?
Was it constitutional? Why did Lincoln respond this way? What alternatives did Lincoln have?)
 Impact of War (economic, social, political)
 Constitutional issues (especially habeus corpus, Reconstruction Amendments)
 Impact of Reconstruction (Did life change during Reconstruction? New role of Blacks? Impact of
Amendments)
4